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	[[File:Schleic oleos 081205-4293 stgd.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|A Kusum tree]]		[[File:Schleic oleos 081205-4293 stgd.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|A Kusum tree]]
	[[File:Schleic oleos 080320-5967 rgn.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Fruits of the Kusum tree]]		[[File:Schleic oleos 080320-5967 rgn.JPG\|thumb\|right\|200px\|Fruits of the Kusum tree]]
	'''Kusum oil '''is a type of oil extracted from the seed of the Kusum tree (''[[Schleichera oleosa]]''). The plant, which is also commonly known as [[Ceylon oak]], lac tree, or [[Macassar oil]]tree,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://gardentia.net/2013/09/25/lac-tree-macassar-oil-tree-ceylon-oak-kusum-kusumba-kusim/ \|title=Lac tree, Macassar Oil tree, Ceylon Oak. Kusum, Kusumba, Kusim \|publisher=Gardentia \|access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref> belongs to the family [[Sapindaceae]]. The [[schleichera]] family is named after J. C. Schleicher, a Swiss botanist, and the species name means "oily" or "rich in oil."~~{{Citation needed\|date=January 2019}}~~ The tree is native to [[South Asia]], but is also found in some parts of [[Southeast Asia]].		'''Kusum oil '''is a type of oil extracted from the seed of the Kusum tree (''[[Schleichera oleosa]]''). The plant, which is also commonly known as [[Ceylon oak]], lac tree, or [[Macassar oil]]tree,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://gardentia.net/2013/09/25/lac-tree-macassar-oil-tree-ceylon-oak-kusum-kusumba-kusim/ \|title=Lac tree, Macassar Oil tree, Ceylon Oak. Kusum, Kusumba, Kusim \|publisher=Gardentia \|access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref> belongs to the family [[Sapindaceae]]. The [[schleichera]] family is named after J. C. Schleicher, a Swiss botanist, and the species name means "oily"<ref>{{cite web \|title=Meaning of oleosus (oleosa, oleosum, oleosa, oleosae, oleosam, oleosarum, oleosas, oleosi, oleosior, oleosiora) in Latin-English dictionary - World of Dictionary \|url=https://worldofdictionary.com/dict/latin-english/meaning/oleosus \|website=worldofdictionary.com \|access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> or "rich in oil." The tree is native to [[South Asia]], but is also found in some parts of [[Southeast Asia]].

	==Collection of seeds==		==Collection of seeds==

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2021-01-23T00:57:37Z

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[[File:Schleic oleos 081205-4293 stgd.JPG|thumb|right|200px|A Kusum tree]]
[[File:Schleic oleos 080320-5967 rgn.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Fruits of the Kusum tree]]
'''Kusum oil '''is a type of oil extracted from the seed of the Kusum tree (''[[Schleichera oleosa]]''). The plant, which is also commonly known as [[Ceylon oak]], lac tree, or [[Macassar oil]]tree,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gardentia.net/2013/09/25/lac-tree-macassar-oil-tree-ceylon-oak-kusum-kusumba-kusim/ |title=Lac tree, Macassar Oil tree, Ceylon Oak. Kusum, Kusumba, Kusim |publisher=Gardentia |access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref> belongs to the family [[Sapindaceae]]. The [[schleichera]] family is named after J. C. Schleicher, a Swiss botanist, and the species name means "oily" or "rich in oil."{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} The tree is native to [[South Asia]], but is also found in some parts of [[Southeast Asia]].

==Collection of seeds==
The bunches of fruit are plucked by climbing the ''[[Schleichera oleosa]]'' trees. The fruit pulp is removed by rubbing the fruits in water, and letting them dry.

==Oil==
The oil contains [[oleic acid]] (2-3%), [[stearic acid]] (2-6%), [[gadoleic acid]], and [[arachidic acid]] as well as [[cyanogenic]] compounds, which must be removed for human consumption. Kusum oil is unusual, with just 37% of common [[glycerol]] esters. The oil also contains [[linoleic acid]] (43-50%), [[palmitic acid]] (5-8%), and [[hydrocyanic acid]], which is poisonous and must also be removed prior to consumption. The oil is yellowish brown, semi-solid, with the faint odour of [[bitter almond]]. When allowed to settle, a light coloured solid fat separates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/kusum/ |title=Kusum |publisher=Crirec.com |date=2011-01-19 |access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref> Kusum oil contains a cyanogenic compound in concentration of 0.03-0.05% as HCN. But the exact location of the cyanogenic compound in the oil or its nature has not been reported.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
| '''Property'''||'''Value'''<ref>{{cite web |url=ftp://law.resource.org/in/bis/S06/is.4088.1966.pdf |title=IS 4088 (1966): Kusum Oil (Fas 13: Oils and Oilseeds) |publisher=Law.resource.org |access-date=2013-11-21 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[Moisture]] and insoluble impurities||0.25
|-
|[[Refractive Index]] at 50 °C||4.4560-1.460
|-
|[[Specific gravity]]at 90°/30 °C||0.865-0.869
|-
|[[Saponification value]]||220-240
|-
|[[Iodine value]](Wijs)||48-60
|-
|[[Acid value]], max ||10.0
|-
|[[Unsaponifiable matter]]% by Wt||3.0
|-
|[[Titer value]] °C, min||45
|-
|[[Reichert-Meissel value]]||15-20
|-
|[[Polenske value]], max||1.5
|}

'''Fatty acid composition'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijpsr.com/V2I5/22%20Vol.2,%20Issue%205,%20May%202011,%20Paper%2013.pdf |title=Methyl Ester Production from Schlichera Oleosa |publisher=Ijpsr.com |access-date=2013-11-21}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|'''Fatty acid'''||'''Percent'''
|-
|[[Myristic acid]] (C14:0)||0.01
|-
|[[Palmitic acid]] (C16:0)||7.59
|-
|[[Palmitoleic acid]](C16:1)||1.80
|-
| [[Oleic acid]] (C18:1)||2.83
|-
| ''trans''-[[Linoleic acid]] (C18:2)||49.69
|-
| ''cis''-[[Linoleic acid]] (C18:2)||5.56
|-
| [[alpha-Linolenic acid|α-Linolenic acid]] (C18:3)||0.26
|-
| [[Eicosenoic acid]] (C20:1)||29.54
|-
| [[Eicosadienoic acid]] (C20:2)||0.24
|-
|[[Behenic acid]] (C22:0)||1.14
|-
|[[Erucic acid]] (C22:1)||1.22
|-
|[[Lignoceric acid]] (C24:0)||0.03
|}

==Uses ==
Kusum oil is used in [[hairdressing]]. The oil can also be used for [[cooking]] and lighting, and is used in traditional medicine. It is used as massage oil to relieve pain.

==See also==
*[[Schleichera oleosa]]
*[[Trees of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite journal | doi = 10.5958/j.0976-4763.4.1.005 | title = Production and Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Kusum Oil Methyl Ester as an Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine | journal = Journal of Biofuels | volume = 4 | pages = 38 | year = 2013 | last1 = Pali | first1 = Harveer Singh | last2 = Mishra | first2 = Chinmaya | last3 = Kumar | first3 = Naveen }}
*{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/BF02632704 | volume=46 | title=Studies on some chemical aspects of kusum oil | journal=Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society | pages=23–27|year = 1969|last1 = Kundu|first1 = M. K.| last2=Bandyopadhyay | first2=C. | s2cid=85070300 }}

{{Non-timber forest products}}

[[Category:Vegetable oils]]
[[Category:Food and drink in India]]

Kusum oil - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

>Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 6 templates: del empty params (1×); hyphenate params (4×);