Kurnool - Revision history

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	'''Kurnool''' is a [[city]] and the [[judicial capital]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It formerly served as the capital of [[Andhra State]] (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of [[Rayalaseema]]". It also serves as the district headquarters of its [[Kurnool district]]. {{As of\|2011}} [[Census of India\|census]], it is the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population\|fifth most populous city]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh\|state]] with a population of 484,327.<ref name="UA" /><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php\|title=Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map\|website=www.citypopulation.de\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> It is located on the banks of the [[Tungabhadra River\|Tungabhadra river]]. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the [[Konda Reddy Fort]].		'''Kurnool''' is a [[city]] and the proposed [[judicial capital]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It formerly served as the capital of [[Andhra State]] (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of [[Rayalaseema]]". It also serves as the district headquarters of its [[Kurnool district]]. {{As of\|2011}} [[Census of India\|census]], it is the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population\|fifth most populous city]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh\|state]] with a population of 484,327.<ref name="UA" /><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php\|title=Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map\|website=www.citypopulation.de\|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> It is located on the banks of the [[Tungabhadra River\|Tungabhadra river]]. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the [[Konda Reddy Fort]].

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
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	=== Palaeolithic era ===		=== Palaeolithic era ===
	The Ketavaram<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2014-06-15 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217085054/http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf \|archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> [[rock painting]]s from the Paleolithic era and are (18 kilometres from Kurnool).		The Ketavaram<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2014-06-15 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217085054/http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf \|archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> [[rock painting]]s from the Paleolithic era and are (18 kilometres from Kurnool).
	Also the Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta<ref>{{cite ~~web~~\|last=Petraglia\|first=Michael\|title=New rock art discoveries in the Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India\|url=https://www.academia.edu/483477\|publisher=academia.edu\|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> and [[Yaganti]] in [[Kurnool District]] have some important [[rock art]] and paintings in the vicinity, may be dated from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.		Also the Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Petraglia\|first=Michael\|title=New rock art discoveries in the Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India\|journal=Antiquity\|volume=84\|issue=324\|pages=335–350\|url=https://www.academia.edu/483477\|publisher=academia.edu\|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> and [[Yaganti]] in [[Kurnool District]] have some important [[rock art]] and paintings in the vicinity, may be dated from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

	[[Belum Caves]] are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh\|Ananthapur]]. [[Archaeological survey of India]] (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.<ref name="show">[http://www.showcaves.com/english/in/showcaves/Belum.html] Show Caves of India: Belum Caves</ref>		[[Belum Caves]] are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh\|Ananthapur]]. [[Archaeological survey of India]] (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.<ref name="show">[http://www.showcaves.com/english/in/showcaves/Belum.html] Show Caves of India: Belum Caves</ref>
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	===Nawabs===		===Nawabs===
	Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur (died on 12 July 1840) was the last [[nawab]] of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/wahab-khan-tomb-in-kurnool-to-get-a-facelift/article4872731.ece\|title=Wahab Khan tomb in Kurnool to get a facelift\|date=2 July 2013\|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He reigned the territory from 1823 to 1839 until the kingdom was defeated by the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/25435/lot/160/\|title=Bonhams : A silver seal made for Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Kurnool (reg. 1823-39) South Deccan, dated AH 1239/AD 1823-24\|website=www.bonhams.com}}</ref> On 12 October 1839, a war broke out between [[British Indian Army]] and the kingdom and continued for six days until the king was detained on 18 October. He was subsequently sent to [[Tiruchirappalli Central Prison]] where he died on 12 July 1840.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://heritagetimes.in/nawab-of-kurnool/\|title=Nawab of Kurnool Ghulam Rasool Khan A Great Freedom Fighter of India who fought against the British Empire.\|first=Syed Naseer\|last=Ahamed}}</ref>		Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur (died on 12 July 1840) was the last [[nawab]] of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/wahab-khan-tomb-in-kurnool-to-get-a-facelift/article4872731.ece\|title=Wahab Khan tomb in Kurnool to get a facelift\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=2 July 2013\|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He reigned the territory from 1823 to 1839 until the kingdom was defeated by the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/25435/lot/160/\|title=Bonhams : A silver seal made for Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Kurnool (reg. 1823-39) South Deccan, dated AH 1239/AD 1823-24\|website=www.bonhams.com}}</ref> On 12 October 1839, a war broke out between [[British Indian Army]] and the kingdom and continued for six days until the king was detained on 18 October. He was subsequently sent to [[Tiruchirappalli Central Prison]] where he died on 12 July 1840.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://heritagetimes.in/nawab-of-kurnool/\|title=Nawab of Kurnool Ghulam Rasool Khan A Great Freedom Fighter of India who fought against the British Empire.\|first=Syed Naseer\|last=Ahamed\|date=28 November 2017}}</ref>

	=== Post independence ===		=== Post independence ===
	Kurnool was the capital of erstwhile [[Andhra State]] between ~~from~~ 1 October 1953 and 31 October 1956.<ref name="Andhra Pradesh - History">{{Cite web\|title=Andhra Pradesh - History\|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Andhra-Pradesh\|access-date=2020-04-17\|website=Encyclopedia Britannica\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=228\|title=First Capital of AP}}</ref> The state was later merged with [[Telangana]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]] with [[Hyderabad]] as the state's capital.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560221&printsec=frontpage\|title=The Indian Express – Google News Archive Search\|work=google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/capital-loss-madras-kurnool-now-hyderabad/article6095031.ece\|title=Capital loss: Madras, Kurnool, now Hyderabad\|last=Somasekhar\|first=Ch RS Sarma / M\|website=The Hindu Business Line\|access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref>		Kurnool was the capital of erstwhile [[Andhra State]] between 1 October 1953 and 31 October 1956.<ref name="Andhra Pradesh - History">{{Cite web\|title=Andhra Pradesh - History\|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Andhra-Pradesh\|access-date=2020-04-17\|website=Encyclopedia Britannica\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=228\|title=First Capital of AP}}</ref> The state was later merged with [[Telangana\|Telugu speaking districts of Hyderabad State]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]] with [[Hyderabad]] as the state's capital on 1st November 1956.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560221&printsec=frontpage\|title=The Indian Express – Google News Archive Search\|work=google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/capital-loss-madras-kurnool-now-hyderabad/article6095031.ece\|title=Capital loss: Madras, Kurnool, now Hyderabad\|last=Somasekhar\|first=Ch RS Sarma / M\|website=The Hindu Business Line\|access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref>Presently Kurnool is in the divided Andhra Pradesh state.

	== Geography ==		== Geography ==

>Arjayay: Undid revision 1032510647 by 2620:CC:8000:1C80:BCC8:BDA0:E496:E198 (talk) unsourced

2021-07-07T21:52:48Z

Undid revision 1032510647 by 2620:CC:8000:1C80:BCC8:BDA0:E496:E198 (talk) unsourced

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurnool
| settlement_type = City
| other_name = Kandanavōlu (Kandanōlu)
| image_skyline = {{photomontage
|photo1a=23 - Telugu Talli Statue with Kondareddy Buruju as background.JPG
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Konda Reddy Fort
| nickname = The Gateway of Rayalaseema
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh #India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh and in India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.83|N|78.05|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rayalaseema]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts in Andhra Pradesh|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kurnool district|Kurnool]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government type = [[Municipal corporation]]
| governing_body =
| Leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| Leader_name1 = Sri G Veerapandian
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kurnool.cdma.ap.gov.in/|title=Kurnool Municipal Corporation ||website=kurnool.cdma.ap.gov.in}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 69.51
| area_rank = 107
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 274
| population_total = 424,920
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name=population>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, Census 2011|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 478,124
| population_demonym =
Kurnoolion
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=UA>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref>
| population_rank = [[List of most populous cities in India|160th (India)]]<br />[[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|5th (Andhra Pradesh)]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics2_title1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 518001, 518002, 518003, 518004, 518005, 518006, 518007
| registration_plate = '''AP-21 & AP-39<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aptransport.org/html/registration-districtcodes.html|title=Registration | District Codes | Transport Department Government of Andhra Pradesh – India|website=aptransport.org}}</ref>'''
| website = {{URL|http://kurnool.cdma.ap.gov.in/|Kurnool Municipal Corporation}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]
| official_name =
}}

'''Kurnool''' is a [[city]] and the [[judicial capital]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. It formerly served as the capital of [[Andhra State]] (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of [[Rayalaseema]]". It also serves as the district headquarters of its [[Kurnool district]]. {{As of|2011}} [[Census of India|census]], it is the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|fifth most populous city]] in the [[Andhra Pradesh|state]] with a population of 484,327.<ref name="UA" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-andhrapradesh.php|title=Andhra Pradesh (India): Districts, Cities and Towns - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> It is located on the banks of the [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra river]]. Although the area has been inhabited for thousands of years, modern Kurnool was founded in the 16th century CE with the construction of the [[Konda Reddy Fort]].

== Etymology ==
The original name of Kurnool is found in historical records as ''Kandanavōlu'' or ''Kandanōlu''.<ref>{{citation |first=K. |last=Iswara Dutt |chapter=Kamma commanders of the Vijayangara armies |title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Society |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.55404/page/n9 |year=1937 |publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society |pages=222–224}}</ref> It used to be a crossing on the [[Tungabhadra River]], where the bullock cart caravans are believed to have greased their wheels ("''kandana''" being a reference to grease).<ref name=aptdc>{{cite web|title=Heritage in Kurnool|url=http://www.aptdc.gov.in/heritage-in-kurnool.html|publisher=AP Tourism Department|access-date=10 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713231824/http://www.aptdc.gov.in/heritage-in-kurnool.html|archive-date=13 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of [[Rayalaseema]]".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sarkar|first1=Siddhartha|title=International Journal of Economic and Political Integration: Vol.1, No.1|date=2011|publisher=Universal-Publishers |isbn=978-1-61233-544-5|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcSN4vUx5LQC&q=Gateway+to+Rayalaseema.&pg=PA15|access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Palaeolithic era ===
The Ketavaram<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217085054/http://www.aparchaeologymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Kurnool.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013}}</ref> [[rock painting]]s from the Paleolithic era and are (18 kilometres from Kurnool).
Also the Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta<ref>{{cite web|last=Petraglia|first=Michael|title=New rock art discoveries in the Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India|url=https://www.academia.edu/483477|publisher=academia.edu|access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> and [[Yaganti]] in [[Kurnool District]] have some important [[rock art]] and paintings in the vicinity, may be dated from 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

[[Belum Caves]] are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at [[Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh|Ananthapur]]. [[Archaeological survey of India]] (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.<ref name="show">[http://www.showcaves.com/english/in/showcaves/Belum.html] Show Caves of India: Belum Caves</ref>

=== Vijayanagara era ===
Little was known about Kurnool town before the 11th century. The earliest knowledge of this settlement dates from the 11th century. It has developed as transit place on the southern banks of the river [[Tungabhadra]].

Ruled by the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]] in 12th Century and later taken over by the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] in 13th century. Kurnool developed into a transit point on the southern banks of the [[Tungabhadra River]]. It eventually fell under the rule of a [[Jagirdar of Banganapalle|jaghirdar]] before becoming a part of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar dynasty]]. [[Achyuta Deva Raya|King Achyuta Raya]], successor of Sri Krishnadeva Raya constructed the [[Konda Reddy Fort|Kurnool Fort]] during the 16th century.

=== Mughals Rule ===
The Abyssinian, Abdul Wahab Khan, defeated King Gopal Raja of the [[Vijayanagar]] Kingdom in the 17th century and went on to rule the land for 16 years until his death.

In 1686, Kurnool fell under the influence of the Mughals who were ruled by Emperor Aurangzeb. Later on in Kurnool's history, it was ruled by the Nawabs until the British Government took over in 1839.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html|title=Indian Princely States K-Z|first=Ben|last=Cahoon}}</ref>

===Nawabs===
Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur (died on 12 July 1840) was the last [[nawab]] of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/wahab-khan-tomb-in-kurnool-to-get-a-facelift/article4872731.ece|title=Wahab Khan tomb in Kurnool to get a facelift|date=2 July 2013|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> He reigned the territory from 1823 to 1839 until the kingdom was defeated by the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/25435/lot/160/|title=Bonhams : A silver seal made for Ghulam Rasul Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Kurnool (reg. 1823-39) South Deccan, dated AH 1239/AD 1823-24|website=www.bonhams.com}}</ref> On 12 October 1839, a war broke out between [[British Indian Army]] and the kingdom and continued for six days until the king was detained on 18 October. He was subsequently sent to [[Tiruchirappalli Central Prison]] where he died on 12 July 1840.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://heritagetimes.in/nawab-of-kurnool/|title=Nawab of Kurnool Ghulam Rasool Khan A Great Freedom Fighter of India who fought against the British Empire.|first=Syed Naseer|last=Ahamed}}</ref>

=== Post independence ===
Kurnool was the capital of erstwhile [[Andhra State]] between from 1 October 1953 and 31 October 1956.<ref name="Andhra Pradesh - History">{{Cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh - History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Andhra-Pradesh|access-date=2020-04-17|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=228|title=First Capital of AP}}</ref> The state was later merged with [[Telangana]] to form [[Andhra Pradesh]] with [[Hyderabad]] as the state's capital.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19560221&printsec=frontpage|title=The Indian Express – Google News Archive Search|work=google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/capital-loss-madras-kurnool-now-hyderabad/article6095031.ece|title=Capital loss: Madras, Kurnool, now Hyderabad|last=Somasekhar|first=Ch RS Sarma / M|website=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Kurnool is located at {{Coord|15.8333|N|78.05|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Kurnool.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Kurnool, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 273 metres (898 feet). Kurnool lies on the banks of the [[Tungabhadra River]]. The Hundri and Neeva rivers also flow through the city. The [[K. C. Canal|K.C.Canal]] (Kurnool–Cuddapah) was built by the Dutch for transportation, but later used for irrigation.

=== Cityscape ===
[[File:21 - Front View of Kondareddy Buruju.JPG|thumb|Front View of Kondareddy Buruju.|alt=]]

Landmarks in and around the city include ''Konda Reddy Fort'' Formerly called ''Kondareddy Burj'' is the Historical Monuement and Major Tourist Attraction of Kurnool located at the north east part of the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gopal Darwaza stands as a witness to history|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/gopal-darwaza-stands-as-a-witness-to-history/article5937777.ece|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=22 April 2014|location=Kurnool}}</ref> [[Orvakal Rock Garden, Kurnool|Orvakal rock Garderns]] is the Sculpture Garden with Ancient cave lies on the South East of the city.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kurmanath|first1=K.V|title=A rocky, solid gift from nature|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/article1737560.ece|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=22 June 2006|location=Orvakal (Kurnool district)}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Kurnool has a [[semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSh'') with temperatures ranging from {{convert|26|C|1}} to {{convert|46|C|1}} in the summer and {{convert|12|C|1}} to {{convert|31|C|1}} in the winter. The average annual rainfall is about {{convert|705|mm|in|0}}.

{{Weather box|width = auto
| location = Kurnool (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan record high C = 37.3
| Feb record high C = 39.9
| Mar record high C = 43.3
| Apr record high C = 44.8
| May record high C = 45.6
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 38.5
| Aug record high C = 37.8
| Sep record high C = 38.7
| Oct record high C = 38.4
| Nov record high C = 38.8
| Dec record high C = 35.4
| year record high C = 45.6
| Jan high C = 31.7
| Feb high C = 34.8
| Mar high C = 38.2
| Apr high C = 40.1
| May high C = 40.5
| Jun high C = 36.2
| Jul high C = 33.6
| Aug high C = 32.5
| Sep high C = 32.9
| Oct high C = 32.5
| Nov high C = 31.2
| Dec high C = 30.5
| year high C = 34.6
| Jan low C = 17.9
| Feb low C = 20.3
| Mar low C = 23.8
| Apr low C = 26.7
| May low C = 27.5
| Jun low C = 25.5
| Jul low C = 24.5
| Aug low C = 23.9
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 22.8
| Nov low C = 20.1
| Dec low C = 17.8
| year low C = 22.9
| Jan record low C = 8.3
| Feb record low C = 11.1
| Mar record low C = 12.8
| Apr record low C = 15.5
| May record low C = 19.4
| Jun record low C = 17.6
| Jul record low C = 19.2
| Aug record low C = 19.9
| Sep record low C = 17.0
| Oct record low C = 13.0
| Nov record low C = 9.3
| Dec record low C = 6.7
| year record low C = 6.7
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 4.0
| Feb rain mm = 2.2
| Mar rain mm = 9.8
| Apr rain mm = 26.4
| May rain mm = 50.4
| Jun rain mm = 93.6
| Jul rain mm = 121.4
| Aug rain mm = 143.4
| Sep rain mm = 145.0
| Oct rain mm = 114.1
| Nov rain mm = 23.0
| Dec rain mm = 3.9
| year rain mm = 737.2
| Jan rain days = 0.3
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.7
| Apr rain days = 1.6
| May rain days = 2.7
| Jun rain days = 5.7
| Jul rain days = 7.6
| Aug rain days = 9.0
| Sep rain days = 7.7
| Oct rain days = 5.2
| Nov rain days = 1.9
| Dec rain days = 0.3
| year rain days = 43.0
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 35
| Feb humidity = 26
| Mar humidity = 23
| Apr humidity = 25
| May humidity = 28
| Jun humidity = 45
| Jul humidity = 54
| Aug humidity = 57
| Sep humidity = 57
| Oct humidity = 56
| Nov humidity = 51
| Dec humidity = 44
|year humidity = 42
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Kurnool Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 443–444
| access-date = 18 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M12
| access-date = 18 February 2020}}</ref>
|date=May 2015}}

== Demographics ==
As per final data of 2011 census, Kurnool urban agglomeration had a population of 484,327, making it the fifth largest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/419-kurnool.html|title=Kurnool City Population Census 2011-2019 | Andhra Pradesh|website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> The literacy rate of Kurnool was 77.37 per cent at the time of the 2011 census.
{{bar box
|title=Literacy in Kurnool<ref name="auto"/>
|titlebare=#ddd
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|All|lightgrey|77.37}}
{{bar percent|Male|lightblue|83.01}}
{{bar percent|Female|pink|71.24}}
}}

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Kurnool<ref name="census2001">{{cite web| title =Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects| publisher =Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs| url =http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx| access-date =2 March 2011| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110520054852/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx| archive-date =20 May 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|orange|67.19}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|29.21}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|2.49}}
{{bar percent|Others|#808080|1.11}}
<small>Others include [[Sikh]]s & [[Parsi]]s</small>
}}
As per final data of 2011 census, Hindus formed the majority in the Kurnool urban agglomeration. Other religious groups found in Kurnool are [[Islam|Muslims]], [[Christians]], [[Sikhs]] and [[Parsees]].

==Government and politics==
Kurnool serves as the district headquarters of its [[Kurnool district]].<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook : Kurnool|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_B_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf|access-date=21 August 2015|website=Census of India|page=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2020-01-20|title=Andhra Pradesh Cabinet clears decentralised capital across Amaravati, Visakhapatnam and Kurnool|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/andhra-pradesh-cabinet-clears-decentralised-capital-across-amaravati-visakhapatnam-and-kurnool/article30605273.ece|access-date=2020-04-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The city is administered by Kurnool Municipal Corporation.

== Education ==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by Government, aided and private schools of the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051231/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref>

== Transport ==

=== Roadways ===
[[National Highway 44 (India)]] which runs from Srinagar to Kanyakumari and also highway of [[Bangalore]] to [[Hyderabad]]. passes through Kurnool.

[[National Highway 340C (India)|National highway 340C]] [ Kurnool-Dornala ] which connects to [[Srisailam]], [[Vinukonda]], [[Guntur]], [[Vijayawada]].

[[National Highway 40 (India)|National Highway 40]], [ Rayalaseema Expressway ] which runs from Kurnool to [[Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh|Chittoor]], are the major highways passing through the city.

The city has a total road length of 519.22 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|title=Details of Roads in Each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016}}</ref> State owned bus transport system, [[APSRTC]], operates buses from Kurnool bus station to other parts of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations in Districts |url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |website=Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation |access-date=8 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322233330/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Bus%20Stations.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first1=Suresh|title=Several bus stations lack CCTV surveillance|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/several-bus-stations-lack-cctv-surveillance/article7126950.ece|access-date=8 March 2016|work=The Hindu|date=22 April 2015|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

=== Railways ===
[[Kurnool City railway station]] lies on the Bengaluru – Hyderabad railway line. It is classified as an ''A–category station'' in the [[Hyderabad railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]]. Another railway station name Kotla lies in the middle of the city.

=== Airport===
[[Kurnool Airport]], officially known as Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Airport, is located at [[Orvakal]] and is situated on the [[National Highway 40 (India)|National Highway 40]], about {{Convert|18|km|abbr=on}} from Kurnool and {{Convert|54|km|abbr=on}} from [[Nandyal]]. Commercial operations of the [[Greenfield project|greenfield]] airport were started in March 2021.

== Economy ==
Kurnool is endowed with good mineral resources. The important minerals are Iron ore, dolomite, limestone, ochre, quartz and silica.<ref>http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/Kurnool%20dip%20%20amended%20march.pdf</ref>

== Notable people ==


*[[K. E. Krishnamurthy]], former Deputy Chief Minister, Andhra Pradesh
*[[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]] - Founder of Justice party, Diwan of Mysore and the First President of UNESCO
*[[Kotla Jayasurya Prakasha Reddy]], former member of parliament and Union minister, Railways
*[[Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy]], former Chief Minister, United Andhra Pradesh
*[[Damodaram Sanjivayya]], former Chief Minister, United Andhra Pradesh
*[[T. G. Venkatesh]], Indian businessman and politician

== See also ==
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|List of Urban Agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[List of municipal corporations in India#Andhra Pradesh|List of municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Kurnool}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Kurnool}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150728174241/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/apfactfile/info%20on%20districts/kurnool.html Kurnool district Mandal Information]
{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Kurnool district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kurnool| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Muslim princely states of India]]
[[Category:Princely states of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 27 November 2023
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
			* [[Kurnool district#Administrative divisions\|Revenue divisions and mandals in Kurnool district]]
	* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]		* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population]]
	* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population\|List of Urban Agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]]		* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population\|List of Urban Agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]]