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{{Short description|Geological formation in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin, India}}
{{Infobox rockunit|name=Kundaram Formation|thickness_ts=|map={{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg =19.071556
| lon_deg = 79.491173
| mark = Red pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}|area=|location=|paleocoordinates=|coordinates={{coord|19.071556|N|79.491173|E|display=inline,title}}|region=[[Telangana]]|country=India|extent=[[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]|namedfor=|namedby=|year_ts=|prilithology=[[Mudstone]], [[Sandstone]]|age=[[Lopingian]]<br />~{{fossil range|259|252}}|otherlithology=[[Shale]]|unitof=|subunits=Lower and Upper Units|underlies=[[Kamthi Formation]]|overlies=[[Barakar Formation]]|thickness=250–400 m|image=|imagesize=|caption=|type=[[Geological formation]]|period=Lopingian|map_caption=}}

The '''Kundaram Formation''' is a geological formation in India, located within the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]. The unit is between 250–400 metres thick and at its base consists of sandstone-mudstone alterations, followed by a sequence dominated by red mudstone with infrequent sandstone [[Lens (geology)|lens beds]], with minor ferruginous shale within the sandstones. It was deposited in fluvial conditions. It is considered to be Late [[Permian]] in age. An abundant terrestrial fauna is known from nodules found near the village of [[Golleti]] in the [[Adilabad]] district of [[Telangana]], the only such fauna known from the Permian of India.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ray|first1=Sanghamitra|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Saswati|date=March 2003|title=Late Permian vertebrate community of the Pranhita–Godavari valley, India|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1367912002000500|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=21|issue=6|pages=643–654|doi=10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00050-0|bibcode=2003JAESc..21..643R |url-access=subscription}}</ref> The fauna found includes the [[dicynodont]]s ''[[Endothiodon]], [[Dicynodontoides]], [[Pristerodon]]'' and ''[[Sauroscaptor]],<ref name=":0" />'' as well the small [[Captorhinidae|captorhinid]] ''[[Indosauriscus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Reisz |first1=Robert R. |last2=Chatterjee |first2=Sankar |last3=Modesto |first3=Sean P. |date=2024-11-14 |title=A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from the upper Permian of India |url=https://peerj.com/articles/18394/ |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=12 |article-number=e18394 |doi=10.7717/peerj.18394 |doi-access=free |issn=2167-8359|pmc=11569782 }}</ref> and an indeterminate medium-sized [[Gorgonopsia|gorgonopsid]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kammerer|first1=Christian F.|last2=Bandyopadhyay|first2=Saswati|last3=Ray|first3=Sanghamitra|date=November 2016|editor-last=Angielczyk|editor-first=Kenneth|title=A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1055|journal=Papers in Palaeontology|language=en|volume=2|issue=4|pages=569–584|doi=10.1002/spp2.1055|bibcode=2016PPal....2..569K |s2cid=88833541 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Paleobiota ==
=== Synapsids ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Endothiodon]]''
| ''E. mahalanobisi''
| rowspan="2" | [[Telangana]]
| rowspan="2" | Numerous almost complete specimens
| rowspan="2" | A [[dicynodont]].
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''E. bathystoma''
|-
| ''[[Dicynodontoides]]''
| sp.
| [[Telangana]]
| ISI R 217
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ''[[Sauroscaptor]]''
| ''S. tharavati''
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ''[[Pristerodon]]''
| ''P. mackayi''
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]].
|
|-
| ?''[[Oudenodon]]''
| sp.
| [[Telangana]]
|
| A [[dicynodont]]
|
|-
| [[Gorgonopsidae|Gorgonopsia]]
| Indeterminate
| [[Telangana]]
|
|A [[gorgonopsid]].
|
|-
|}

=== Reptiles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Indosauriscus]]''
| ''I. kuttyi''
| [[Telangana]]
| Nearly complete Skulls from Several individuals.
| A [[Captorhinidae|captorhinid]] reptile.
| [[File:Indosauriscus Kuttyi holotype (ISIR 233) skull.jpg|thumb|200px]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lopingian geology]]
[[Category:Geology of India]]
[[Category:Permian India]]

Kundaram Formation - Revision history

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