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 {{short description|Elephant trained to help with wild elephants}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
-[[File:Gajendra_and_Durga_kumkies_AJT_Johnsingh_IMG_0398.JPG|thumb|Two kumkies with their [[mahout]]s]]
+[[File:Gajendra_and_Durga_kumkies_AJT_Johnsingh_IMG_0398.JPG|thumb|Two kumkis with their [[mahout]]s]]
-Kumkis are not the same elephants widely found in Indian temples. An elephant has to undergo extensive training before it can become a Kumki. Several animal activists have appealed against this training system. Many movies related to kumki elephants have been released in the Tamil film industry, such as ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' (2012).
+'''Kumki''' ('''Koomkie''', '''Koonki''' or '''Kunki'''; known as '''Thāppāna''' in [[Malayalam]]) is a term used in India for trained captive [[Asian elephant]]s used in operations to trap wild elephants, sometimes to rescue or to provide medical treatment to an injured or trapped wild elephant.<ref>{{cite book |title=The standard natural history. Mammals. Volume V.|editor=Kingsley, John Sterling|year=1884 |place=Boston |publisher=S.E. Cassino and Company|url=https://archive.org/stream/standardnaturalh05king#page/219/mode/1up/|page=219}}</ref> Kumkis are used for capturing, calming and herding wild elephants or to lead wild elephants away in conflict situations.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Elephant|pages=143–149 |title=The Wealth of India. Volume III: D-E. |year=1952 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|place=New Delhi|editor=Sastri, B.N. |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.101559/2015.101559.The-Wealth-Of-India-Col-3-D-To-E#page/n195/mode/2up/}}</ref> In such cases the training process aims at preserving some of the wild dominant character in them, so that they can control wild elephants by force if necessary. When wild elephants enter human settlements and kumkis are used to drive them away, sometimes direct physical contact might not be needed since the territorial behaviour is aided by scent and other communication between animals.
 ==References==
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 [[Category:Elephants in Indian culture]]
 {{India-culture-stub}}

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{{short description|Elephant trained to help with wild elephants}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Gajendra_and_Durga_kumkies_AJT_Johnsingh_IMG_0398.JPG|thumb|Two kumkies with their [[mahout]]s]]
'''Kumki''' or '''Koomkie''' is a term used in India for trained captive [[Asian elephant]]s used in operations to trap wild elephants, sometimes to rescue or to provide medical treatment to an injured or trapped wild elephant. The term may be more specifically applied to trained female elephants used as decoys.<ref>{{cite book |title=The standard natural history. Mammals. Volume V.|editor=Kingsley, John Sterling|year=1884 |place=Boston |publisher=S.E. Cassino and Company|url=https://archive.org/stream/standardnaturalh05king#page/219/mode/1up/|page=219}}</ref> Kumkis are used for capturing, calming and herding wild elephants or to lead wild elephants away in conflict situations.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Elephant|pages=143-149 |title=The Wealth of India. Volume III: D-E. |year=1952 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|place=New Delhi|editor=Sastri, B.N. |url= https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.101559/2015.101559.The-Wealth-Of-India-Col-3-D-To-E#page/n195/mode/2up/}}</ref> The word is derived from Persian ''kumak'' which means "aid" and is in wide usage from Bengal to Tamil Nadu by mahouts.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/hobsonjobsonagl02croogoog#page/n302/mode/1up/|page=251 |year=1903 |place=London |publisher=John Murray|title=Hobson-Jobson|author1=Yule, Henry |author2=Burnell, A.C.|editor=Crooke, William}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/b22031212#page/112/mode/2up/|page=113|title=The Naturalist's Library. Mammalia. Volume XXIV.|editor=Jardine, Sir William|place=Edinburgh|publisher=W.H. Lizars|year=1854}}</ref>

Kumkis are not the same elephants widely found in Indian temples. An elephant has to undergo extensive training before it can become a Kumki. Several animal activists have appealed against this training system. Many movies related to kumki elephants have been released in the Tamil film industry, such as ''[[Kumki (film)|Kumki]]'' (2012).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Elephants in Indian culture]]

{{India-culture-stub}}

Kumki (elephant) - Revision history

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