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&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Ethnic group in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{use Indian English|date=September 2016}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox ethnic group&lt;br /&gt;
| group            = Kuki people&lt;br /&gt;
| image            = File:Kuki Manipur.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| caption          = A Kuki woman&lt;br /&gt;
| total            = &lt;br /&gt;
| region1          = {{flag|India}}&lt;br /&gt;
| pop1             = &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Not stated&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| region2          = {{nbsp|10}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Northeast India]] (primarily [[Manipur]], [[Mizoram]], [[Assam]] and [[Nagaland]] and neighbouring [[Myanmar]]) and [[Bangladesh]].&lt;br /&gt;
| pop2             = &lt;br /&gt;
| region3          = {{flag|Myanmar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| pop3             = &lt;br /&gt;
| region4          = {{nbsp|10}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chin State]]&lt;br /&gt;
| pop4             = &lt;br /&gt;
| region5          = {{flag|Bangladesh}}&lt;br /&gt;
| pop5             = &lt;br /&gt;
| region6          = {{nbsp|10}} &lt;br /&gt;
Parts of [[Chittagong hill tracts]]&lt;br /&gt;
| pop6             = &lt;br /&gt;
| languages        = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Chin-Kuki-Mizo languages]]&lt;br /&gt;
| religions         = Predominantly [[Christianity]] ([[Baptist]]); historically [[Animism]] with sizeable minorities following [[Animism]], [[Judaism]] ([[Bnei Menashe]]) and [[Islam]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Syed Ayan Mojib, [https://www.thestatesman.com/india/1503186629who-are-kukis-meiteis-the-warring-tribes-in-manipur-1503186629.html Who are Kukis &amp;amp; Meiteis, the warring tribes in Manipur], The Statesman (Kolkata), 2 June 2023.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| related_groups   = [[Chin people|Chin]]s {{·}} [[Halam tribe|Halam]]s {{·}} [[Mizo people|Mizo]]s {{·}} [[Zo people|Zomis]] {{·}} Others ([[Karbi people|Karbi]]s, [[Naga people|Nagas]], [[Meitei people|Meiteis]], [[Kachin people|Kachins]])&lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes        = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name      = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name_lang = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Kuki language.png|thumb|260px|Approximate extension of the area traditionally inhabited by the Kuki people.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kuki people&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Called &amp;quot;Chin&amp;quot; {{MYname|MY=ချင်းလူမျိုး|MLCTS=hkyang lu. myui:}}, {{IPA-my|tɕɪ́ɰ̃ lù mjó|pron}} in Myanmar&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; are an ethnic group in the [[Northeastern India]]n states of [[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]] , [[Assam]] ,  [[Meghalaya]] , [[Tripura]] and [[Mizoram]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Mizo {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mizo |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; as well as neighbouring countries of [[Bangladesh]] and [[Myanmar]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=https://blog.mygov.in/a-glimpse-of-the-indigenous-tribes-of-Myanmar-part-1/ |title = A Glimpse of the Indigenous Tribes of Myanmar and lost tribe of Israel (Part 1)}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Kuki constitute one of several [[Hill tribes of Northeast India|hill tribes]] within [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Myanmar]]. In Northeast India, they are present in all states except [[Arunachal Pradesh]].{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019|p=14}}&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;T. Haokip, &amp;#039;The Kuki Tribes of Meghalaya: A Study of their Socio-Political Problems&amp;#039;, in S.R. Padhi (Ed.). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://www.academia.edu/4392866/The_Kuki_Tribes_of_Meghalaya_A_Study_of_their_Socio-Political_Problems Current Tribal Situation: Strategies for Planning, Welfare and Sustainable Development]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. Delhi: Mangalam Publications, 2013, p. 85.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some fifty tribes of Kuki peoples in India are recognised as [[scheduled tribe]]s,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Alphabetical List of India&amp;#039;s Scheduled Tribes |url=http://tribal.nic.in/writereaddata/mainlinkFile/File939.pdf  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417072648/http://tribal.nic.in/writereaddata/mainlinkFile/File939.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2012 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; based on the dialect spoken by that particular Kuki community as well as their region of origin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Chin people]] of Myanmar and the [[Mizo people]] of Mizoram are kindred tribes of the Kukis. Collectively, they are termed the [[Zo people]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Name ==&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;quot;Kuki&amp;quot; is an [[exonym]]: it was used by [[Bengalis]] to refer to the tribes inhabiting [[Lushai Hills]], the easternmost branch of Himalayas running north–south between India and Burma.{{sfnp|Intelligence Branch, Frontier and Overseas Expeditions, Vol. 4|1907|loc=p. 235: &amp;quot;From period of which we have any knowledge, the Lushai Hills have been inhabited by collection of tribes known to the Bengalis as Kukis.&amp;quot;}} The term came into British usage in 1777, when the chief of [[Chittagong]] appealed to the British governor general [[Warren Hastings]] for help against Kuki raids from the hills.{{sfnp|Intelligence Branch, Frontier and Overseas Expeditions, Vol. 4|1907|p=235}}&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SRTohring_2010&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |author=S. R. Tohring |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlaIRKRspYQC&amp;amp;pg=PA8 |title=Violence and Identity in North-east India: Naga-Kuki Conflict |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-8324-344-5 |pages=8–9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The same collection of tribes were called &amp;quot;Chins&amp;quot; by the Burmese and &amp;quot;Lushais&amp;quot; by the British. The modern term that encompasses all the groups is &amp;quot;Zo&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Zomi&amp;quot; (meaning &amp;quot;Zo people&amp;quot;).{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019|pp=14–15}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over time, the British came to distinguish the tribes currently called &amp;quot;Kukis&amp;quot; from the remaining &amp;quot;Lushais&amp;quot;. An Intelligence Branch report from 1907 listed [[Ralte]], [[Paite people|Paite]], [[Thadou people|Thadou]], Lakher, [[Hmar people|Hmar]] and Poi tribes among Kukis. It stated that each of these tribes had its own language, and these languages were unintelligible to the &amp;quot;Lushais&amp;quot;.{{sfnp|Intelligence Branch, Frontier and Overseas Expeditions, Vol. 4|1907|pp=232–233}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Manipuris used the term &amp;quot;Khongjai&amp;quot; to refer to the tribes immediately to the south of the Imphal Valley.{{sfnp|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019|p=53}} The other Kuki tribes in the interior of Manipur were still called &amp;quot;Kukis&amp;quot; (or sometimes &amp;quot;old Kukis&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
===Early history===&lt;br /&gt;
Ethnologist C. A. Soppitt, argued that the Kukis and Lushais must have settled in region west of [[Irrawaddy river]] from at least the 11th century, based on the fact that they had no traces of Buddhism which was already prevalent in Burma by that time.&amp;lt;ref name= &amp;quot;SPSinha_2007&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;{{sfnp|Soppitt, A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes|1887|p=viii-ix}} He grouped the Kuki-Lushai tribes into two broad classes: [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]] along with the co-tribe [[Biate people|Biate]], and Changsan along with the co-tribe [[Thadou people|Thadou]], each of them grouped with several subtribes.{{sfnp|Soppitt, A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes|1887|p=3}} Soppitt suggested that, by 16th century the Hrangkhols and Biate inhabited the Lushai Hills district (present day [[Mizoram State]]). They were pushed out by the Changsan, who moved in from the east along with Thadou, forcing them to move to North Cachar Hills, Manipur and Tripura. The Changsan-Thadou combine was forced out by newer tribes in the 19h century, the latter acquiring the name &amp;quot;Lushais&amp;quot; at that time.{{sfnp|Soppitt, A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes|1887|pp=7–8}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per the 1881 census, the Kukis and Nagas together numbered 20,000 in the North Cachar Hills (present day [[Assam]]), 15,000 in the Naga Hills (present day [[Nagaland]]), 30,000–40,000 in [[Manipur]] and 6,000 in Tipperah ([[Tripura]]). In addition, the plains of [[Cachar district|Cachar]] had 6,000 people.{{sfnp|Soppitt, A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes|1887|p=1}} The &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Gazetteer of Manipur&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1886), based on the same census, noted that there were approximately 8,000 &amp;quot;old Kukis&amp;quot; in Manipur, who traditionally lived in the state, and about 17,000 &amp;quot;new Kukis&amp;quot; who migrated from Lushai Hills on the south during the early 19th century.{{sfnp|Dun, Gazetteer of Manipur|1886|pp=32–33}} There were also considerable number of Kukis in Lushai Hills, which were not covered in the 1881 census.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Tripura ===&lt;br /&gt;
On 31 January 1860, Kuki Riang led the Kukis of [[Hill Tippera]] in raiding the [[Chhagalnaiya Upazila|Chhagalnaiya plains]] (then under the administration of the [[Twipra Kingdom]]) which was inhabited by ethnic [[Bengalis]] and British officers.&amp;lt;ref name=webster&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1= Webster |first1=John Edward |title=Eastern Bengal and Assam District Gazetteers |volume=4. Noakhali |year=1911 |publisher=The Pioneer Press |page=30 |chapter=History |location=[[Allahabad]] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/noakhali00webs/page/30/mode/2up}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Kukis looted the area of Bakhshganj and murdered Kamal Poddar of Basantpur. They then proceeded to molest Poddar&amp;#039;s women until Guna Ghazi and Jakimal waged war against them in the village of Kulapara. Whilst the Kukis abducted 700 women, [[Munshi Abdul Ali]] informed the British authorities of the atrocities. 185 Britons were assassinated, 100 of them were kidnapped and the Kukis remained in the plains for one or two days. British troops and policemen were finally despatched from [[Noakhali]], [[Comilla District|Tipperah (Comilla)]] and [[Chittagong]] to suppress them but the Kukis had already fled to the jungles of the [[princely state]] and they never returned to Chhagalnaiya ever again.&amp;lt;ref name=karim&amp;gt;{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98119/page/n103/mode/2up |title=A Descriptive Catalogue Of Bengali Manuscripts |author1=[[Abdul Karim Sahitya Bisharad |Abdul Karim, Munshi]] |author2=[[Ahmed Sharif |Sharif, Ahmed]] |editor=[[Syed Sajjad Hussain |Hussain, Syed Sajjad]] |location=[[Dacca]] |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Pakistan]] |year=1960 |pages=74}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Manipur ===&lt;br /&gt;
Groups referred to as &amp;quot;new Kukis&amp;quot; by the British administrators migrated to the Manipur area during the first half of the 19th century. W. McCullough in his account published in 1859 as well as R. B. Pemberton in his Report on Eastern Frontier published in 1835 also suggest large migration of Kukis in Manipur at the start of 19th Century.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=MacCulloch |first1=W |title= Account of the valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes |year=1859 |publisher=Calcutta Bengal Printing Co |oclc=249105916}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Pemberton |first1=R B |title=The Eastern Frontier of India |date=1 January 2015 |publisher=Mittal publication |isbn=978-818324574-6}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;SPSinha_2007&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |author=S. P. Sinha |title=Lost Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India&amp;#039;s Response |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ngtgH9RYB0EC&amp;amp;pg=PA120 |year=2007 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-81-7062-162-1 |pages=120–}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Administration Report for 1877–88 reported around 2000 [[Sukte people|Sukte]] tribesmen were settled near [[Moirang]], South west of [[Imphal Valley|Manipur Valley]] by the then Maharajah of Manipur and political agent, Colonel Johnstone.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1= Mackenzie|first1=Alexander|title=The Northeast Frontier of India|year= 1884}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{better source needed|date=July 2023}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Long ignored by Europe, an important landmark in the history of the Kuki people was the arrival of missionaries and the spread of Christianity among them. Missionary activity had considerable social, cultural and political ramifications while the acceptance of Christianity marked a departure from the tradition religion of the Kuki peoples as well as both the Kuki peoples&amp;#039; ancestral customs and traditions. The spread of English education introduced the Kuki people to the &amp;quot;modern era&amp;quot;. [[William Pettigrew (missionary) |William Pettigrew]], the first foreign missionary, came to Manipur on 6 February 1894 and was sponsored by the [[American Baptist Church|American Baptist Mission Union]]. He, together with Dr. Crozier, worked together in the North and the Northeast of Manipur. In the south, Watkins Robert of the [[Presbyterian Church of Wales|Welsh Presbytery]] mission organised the Indo-Burma [[Thadou people |Thadou]]-Kuki Pioneer Mission in 1913. To have a broader scope, the mission&amp;#039;s name was changed to North East India General Mission (NEIGM).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;T. Haokip, &amp;#039;[https://www.academia.edu/29134905/Kuki_Churches_Unification_Movements Kuki Churches Unification Movements]&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of North East India Studies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, Vol. 2(1), 2012, p. 35.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first resistance to British hegemony by the Kuki people was the Kuki Rebellion of 1917–19, also known as the Anglo-Kuki War, after which their territory was subjugated by the British.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite journal |last=Guite |first=Jangkhomang |date=2019-02-23 |title= Colonial violence and its &amp;#039;Small Wars&amp;#039;: fighting the Kuki &amp;#039;guerillas&amp;#039; during the Great War in Northeast India, 1917–1919 |journal=Small Wars &amp;amp; Insurgencies |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=447–78 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2018.1546369 |issn=0959-2318 |s2cid=189972384 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592318.2018.1546369}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Up until their defeat in 1919, the Kukis had been an independent people ruled by their chieftains. The Dobashi, Lengjang Kuki was credited as responsible for preventing the Kukis of the Naga Hills from joining the Kuki Rebellion of Manipur.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |date=17 January 2019 |title=A Dobashi of par excellence | work =Nagaland Post |url= https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/a-dobashi-of-par-excellence/}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During World War II, seeing an opportunity to regain independence, the Kuki fought with the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] and the [[Indian National Army]] led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]] but the success of the Allied forces over the Axis group dashed their hopes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last=Guite |first=Jangkhomang |date=2010 |title= Representing Local Participation in INA–Japanese Imphal Campaign: The Case of the Kukis in Manipur, 1943–45 |journal=[[Indian Historical Review]] |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=291–309 |doi= 10.1177/037698361003700206 |s2cid=145397505 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultures and traditions==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Bow to the exquisite traditional dress of NE India.jpg|thumb|Kuki women]]&lt;br /&gt;
The land of the Kukis has a number of [[convention (norm)|customs]] and [[traditions]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sawm===&lt;br /&gt;
Sawm, a community centre for boys – was the centre of learning in which the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sawm-upa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (an elder) did the teaching, while &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sawm-nu&amp;#039;&amp;#039; took care of chores, such as combing of the boy&amp;#039;s hair, washing of the garments and making the beds. The best students were recommended to the King&amp;#039;s or the Chief&amp;#039;s service, and eventually would achieve the office of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Semang&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pachong&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (ministers) in their courts, or &amp;#039;&amp;#039;gal –lamkai&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (leaders, warriors) in the army.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Paokhohao Haokp 2013&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Paokhohao Haokp, &amp;quot;Reinculcating Traditional Values of the Kukis with Special Reference to Lom and Som&amp;quot;, in T. Haokip (ed.). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. New Delhi: Bookwell, 2013, Chapter 11.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lawm===&lt;br /&gt;
Lawm (a traditional type of youth club) was an institution in which boys and girls engaged in social activities for the benefit of the individual and the community. It was also another learning institution. Every Lawm has a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lawm-upa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (a senior member), a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;To’llai-pao&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (an overseer or superintendent) and a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lawm-tangvo&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (assistant superintendent). Besides being a source of traditional learning, the institution of the Lawm also facilitated the transmission of both technical as well as practical knowledge to its members, especially with regard to particular methods of [[farming]], [[hunting]], [[fishing]] and sporting activities such as &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Kung–Kal&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (high jump, especially over a choice &amp;#039;&amp;#039;mithun&amp;#039;&amp;#039;), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ka’ng Ka’p&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Ka’ngchoi Ka’p&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (top game), &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Suhtumkhawh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (javelin throw using the heavy wooden implement for pounding-de-husking-paddy) and &amp;#039;&amp;#039;So’ngse&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (shot put).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Paokhohao Haokp 2013&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Lawm was also a centre where young Kuki people learned discipline and social etiquette. After harvest season, the &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lawm meet&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is celebrated with a &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Lawm-se’l&amp;#039;&amp;#039; and, as a commemoration, a pillar is erected. The event is accompanied by dance and drinking rice-beer, which sometimes continues for days and nights.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Laws and government==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Governance===&lt;br /&gt;
With regard to governance, Semang (cabinet) is the annual assembly of a Kuki village community held at the Chief&amp;#039;s residence represents the Inpi (Assembly). In such an assembly, the Chief and his Semang and Pachong (cabinet members and auxiliary of Inpi) and all the household heads of the village congregate to discuss and resolve matters relating to the village and the community.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;T. Lunkim, &amp;quot;Traditional System of Kuki Administration&amp;quot;, in T. Haokip (ed.). &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Kukis of Northeast India: Politics and Culture&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. New Delhi: Bookwell, 2013, Chapter 1.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Religions==&lt;br /&gt;
Prior to conversion in the early 20th century to Christianity by Welsh [[Baptists|Baptist]] missionaries, the Chin, Kuki, and Mizo peoples were [[animism|animists]]; among their practices were ritual [[headhunting]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal |title=Head-Hunting among the Hill Tribes of Assam |last1=Hodson |first1=T. C. |journal=Folklore |year=1909 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=132–143 |doi=10.1080/0015587X.1909.9719869 |jstor=1254109}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Christian missionaries entered Manipur in the late 19th century but did not yet make inroads into the tribal areas. The victory of the British in Anglo-Kuki War of 1917–1919 opened up their mind of the Kukis to the Christian God of the British, who was thought of as the victor. This led them to rapidly convert to Christianity. Conversion to Christianity has transformed their ideas, mentality and social practices at the cost of their traditions and customs.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book |first=Seikhohao |last=Kipgen |chapter=Keeping them under control: impact of the Anglo-Kuki War |editor=Jangkhomang Guite |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALJqDwAAQBAJ |title=The Anglo-Kuki War, 1917–1919: A Frontier Uprising against Imperialism during the First World War |last2=Haokip |first2=Thongkholal |date=2018 |publisher=Taylor &amp;amp; Francis |isbn=978-0-429-77494-2}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The majority of Kukis are now [[Christians]], with most belonging to [[Protestant]] denominations, especially [[Baptist]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ethnomed.org/culture/chin/ |title=Chin}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{better source needed|date=May 2023}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the late 20th century, some of these peoples have begun following [[Messianic Judaism]]. The [[Bnei Menashe]] ({{lang-he|בני מנשה}}, &amp;quot;Sons of [[Tribe of Manasseh|Menasseh]]&amp;quot;) are a small group within the  of India&amp;#039;s [[Seven Sister States|North-Eastern border states]] of [[Manipur]] and [[Mizoram]]; since the late 20th century, they claim descent from one of the [[Ten Lost Tribes|Lost Tribes of Israel]] and have adopted the practice of Judaism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Weil, Shalva. &amp;quot;Double Conversion among the &amp;#039;Children of Menasseh&amp;#039;&amp;quot; in [[Georg Pfeffer]] and Deepak K. Behera (eds) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Contemporary Society Tribal Studies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, New Delhi: Concept, pp. 84–102. 1996 Weil, Shalva. &amp;quot;Lost Israelites from North-East India: Re-Traditionalisation and Conversion among the Shinlung from the Indo-Burmese Borderlands&amp;quot;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Anthropologist, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;2004&amp;#039;&amp;#039;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;6(3): 219–233.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Bnei Menashe are made up of [[Mizo people|Mizo]], Kuki and [[Chin people]]s, who all speak [[Tibeto-Burman languages]], and whose ancestors migrated into [[northeast India]] from [[Burma]] mostly in the 17th and 18th centuries.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/july2005/morphologynortheast1.html |title=Issues in Morphological Analysis of North-East Indian Languages |date=2005-07-07 |access-date=2007-03-04 |work=Language in India |first1=Vijayanand |last1=Kommaluri |first2=R |last2=Subramanian |first3=Anand |last3=Sagar K}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; They are called Chin in [[Burma]]. In the late 20th century, an Israeli rabbi investigating their claims named them Bnei Menashe, based on their account of descent from [[Menasseh]]. Of the 3.7 million people living in these two northeast states only about 9,000 belong to the Bnei Menashe, several thousands have emigrated to Israel. Some have supported other movements to separate from India.&lt;br /&gt;
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Due to the close proximity to Muslim-majority [[Bengal]], a Kuki Muslim community has also developed. They are said to be descendants of Kuki men who had married [[Bengali Muslim]] women, a relationship requiring the husband to be a Muslim. They are mostly centred around the village of North Chandrapur in the Tripuri city of [[Udaipur, Tripura|Udaipur]]. Notable Kuki Muslims include Khirod Ali Sardar of Chandrapur and Ali Mia of [[Sonamura]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite thesis |title=Muslim women in Tripura: aspects of their status, roles, problems and prospects |author=Chakraborty, Anjali |publisher=[[University of North Bengal]] |year=2006 |url=https://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/166 |website=Institutional Repository NBA |chapter=Muslims of Tripura: A Profile}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The community has been subject to scorn by other Kukis.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |title=ত্রিপুরা রাজ্যে তিরিশ বছর: উদয়পুর বিবরণ |trans-title=Thirty years of the Tripura state: Udaipur details |language=bn |year=1972 |publisher=[[Government of Tripura]] |author=Datta, B. C.}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zale&amp;#039;n-gam]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kuki–Paite ethnic clash of 1997–1998]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Manipur Tamil community#Kuki-Tamil communal clash of 1992|Kuki–Tamil ethnic clash of 1992]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |title=Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India, Vol. 4: North &amp;amp; North-Eastern Frontier Tribes |publisher=Intelligence Branch, Army Headquarters, India |year=1907 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1775 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Intelligence Branch, Frontier and Overseas Expeditions, Vol. 4|1907}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |first=R. |last=Brown |title=Statistical Account of the Native State of Manipur and the Hill Territory under Its Rule |year=1874 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |location=Calcutta |url=https://archive.org/details/statistical-account-of-manipur |ref={{sfnref|Brown, Statistical Account of Manipur|1874}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |last=Dun |first=E. W. |title=Gazetteer of Manipur |publisher=Manas Publications |year=1992 |orig-year=1886 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32037 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Dun, Gazetteer of Manipur|1886}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{citation |last=Soppitt |first=C. A. |title=A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes |publisher=Assam Secretariat Press |location=Shillong |year=1887 |url=https://archive.org/details/ashortaccountku00soppgoog |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Soppitt, A Short Account of the Kuki-Lushai Tribes|1887}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite book |last=Pau |first=Pum Khan |title=Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills: Empire and Resistance |publisher=Taylor &amp;amp; Francis |year=2019 |isbn=9781000507454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVmnDwAAQBAJ |ref={{sfnref|Pau, Indo-Burma Frontier and the Making of the Chin Hills|2019}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite book |first=Lianboi |last=Vaiphei |chapter=Christian Missionaries and Colonialism in the Hills of Manipur |editor1=Arambam Noni |editor2=Kangujam Sanatomba |title=Colonialism and Resistance: Society and State in Manipur |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTfbCgAAQBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PT183 |year=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-27066-9 |pages=183– |doi=10.4324/9781315638317 |ref={{sfnref|Vaiphei, Christian Missionaries and Colonialism|2015}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Kuki-Chin-Mizo tribes}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Scheduled tribes of India}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Ethnic groups in Burma}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Authority control}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuki People}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Manipur]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Tripura]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Myanmar]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tribes of Assam]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kuki tribes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Headhunting]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Nagaland]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Assam]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Mizoram]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Northeast India]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ethnic groups in South Asia]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiDwarfBOT</name></author>
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