Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Nuclear technology\|Energy}}~~
	* [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]		* [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]
	* [[Nuclear power in India]]		* [[Nuclear power in India]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:28, 16 April 2022
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			{{Short description\|Nuclear power plant in India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2020}}
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	\| commissioned = Unit 1: {{Start date\|df=yes\|2013\|10\|22}}<br/>Unit 2: {{Start date\|df=yes\|2016\|10\|15}}		\| commissioned = Unit 1: {{Start date\|df=yes\|2013\|10\|22}}<br/>Unit 2: {{Start date\|df=yes\|2016\|10\|15}}
	\| decommissioned = <!------------------------- Albert's NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS -->		\| decommissioned = <!------------------------- Albert's NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS -->
	\| np_reactors =		\| np_reactors = 2
	\| np_reactor_type = VVER		\| np_reactor_type = VVER
	\| np_reactor_supplier = [[Rosatom]]		\| np_reactor_supplier = [[Rosatom]]
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	\| ps_units_manu_model = [[VVER\|VVER-1000/412]]		\| ps_units_manu_model = [[VVER\|VVER-1000/412]]
	\| ps_units_planned =		\| ps_units_planned =
	\| ps_electrical_capacity = ~~1,864~~		\| ps_electrical_capacity = 1864
	\| ~~ps_electrical_cap_fac~~ =		\| ps_annual_generation = 11960.80 [[Kilowatt-hour#Multiples\|GW.h]] (2020-21)<ref name="npp_capfactor_2020-21">{{cite web \|title=Monthly Genration Reports Actual for Apr-2021 : Central Sector Nuclear \|url=https://npp.gov.in/public-reports/cea/monthly/generation/18%20col%20act/2021/MAR//18%20col%20act-10_2021-MAR.pdf \|website=National Power Portal \|publisher=Central Electricity Authority \|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref>
	\| ~~ps_annual_generation~~ = ~~7,134 GW·h~~ (~~2018~~)		\| ps_electrical_cap_fac = 68.27% (2020-21)<ref name="npp_capfactor_2020-21"/>
	\| website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ConstructionDetail.aspx?ReactorID=77 Nuclear Power Corporation of India]		\| website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ConstructionDetail.aspx?ReactorID=77 Nuclear Power Corporation of India]
	}}		}}

	'''Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant''' (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest [[Nuclear power plant\|nuclear power station]] in India, situated in [[Kudankulam]] in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002,<ref name="iaea.org">{{cite web\|url=http://www.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=852 \|title=PRIS – Albert's-1 – Reactor Details \|publisher=Iaea.org \|date=2002-03-31 \|access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> but faced several delays due to opposition from local fishermen.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news\|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/commercial-operation-of-kudankulam-plant-delayed-further-113011300023_1.html \|title=Commercial operation of Kudankulam plant delayed further \|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]\|date=2013-01-13 \|access-date=2013-07-14}}</ref><ref name=professor>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130209/jsp/nation/story_16541617.jsp\|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible}}</ref> KKNPP is scheduled to have six [[VVER\|VVER-1000]] reactors built in collaboration with [[Atomstroyexport]], the Russian state company and [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited]] (NPCIL), with an installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity.<ref name="frontline1">{{cite web\|last=Subramanian\|first=T.S.\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/kudankulam-ready-for-more/article9266675.ece \|title=Kudankulam ready for more \|publisher=Frontline \|date=11 November 2016 \|access-date=2016-12-22}}</ref>		'''Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant''' (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Construction of unit 5 & 6 of India’s largest nuclear power plant in Kudankulam commences\|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/construction-of-unit-5-6-of-indias-largest-nuclear-power-plant-in-kudankulam-commences-394688\|access-date=2022-02-17\|website=WION\|language=en}}</ref> [[Nuclear power plant\|nuclear power station]] in India, situated in [[Kudankulam]] in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002,<ref name="iaea.org">{{cite web\|url=http://www.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=852 \|title=PRIS – Albert's-1 – Reactor Details \|publisher=Iaea.org \|date=2002-03-31 \|access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> but faced several delays due to opposition from local fishermen.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news\|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/commercial-operation-of-kudankulam-plant-delayed-further-113011300023_1.html \|title=Commercial operation of Kudankulam plant delayed further \|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]\|date=2013-01-13 \|access-date=2013-07-14}}</ref><ref name=professor>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130209/jsp/nation/story_16541617.jsp\|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible}}</ref> KKNPP is scheduled to have six [[VVER\|VVER-1000]] reactors built in collaboration with [[Atomstroyexport]], the Russian state company and [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited]] (NPCIL), with an installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity.<ref name="frontline1">{{cite web\|last=Subramanian\|first=T.S.\|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/kudankulam-ready-for-more/article9266675.ece \|title=Kudankulam ready for more \|publisher=Frontline \|date=11 November 2016 \|access-date=2016-12-22}}</ref>

	Unit 1 was synchronised with the southern power grid on 22 October 2013 and since then, has been generating electricity at its warranted limit of 1,000 MW.<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite news\|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kudankulam-unit-1-synchronised-with-southern-power-grid/article5260352.ece \|title= Wait for Kudankulam power ends; unit 1 linked to grid \|work= [[Business Line]] \|date= 2013-10-22 \|access-date= 2013-12-06}}</ref> The original cost of the two units was {{INR}} 13,171 [[crore]], but it was later revised to {{INR}} 17,270 crore (US$2.6 billion). Russia advanced a credit of {{INR}} 6,416 crore (US$0.97 billion) for both the units.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/ready-to-run/article4944731.ece?homepage=true \|title=Ready to run \|publisher=Frontline \|date=9 August 2013 \|access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> Unit 2 attained criticality on 10 July 2016 and was synchronised with the electricity grid on 29 August.		Unit 1 was synchronised with the southern power grid on 22 October 2013 and since then, has been generating electricity at its warranted limit of 1,000 MW.<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite news\|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kudankulam-unit-1-synchronised-with-southern-power-grid/article5260352.ece \|title= Wait for Kudankulam power ends; unit 1 linked to grid \|work= [[Business Line]] \|date= 2013-10-22 \|access-date= 2013-12-06}}</ref> The original cost of the two units was {{INR}} 13,171 [[crore]], but it was later revised to {{INR}} 17,270 crore (US$2.6 billion). Russia advanced a credit of {{INR}} 6,416 crore (US$0.97 billion) for both the units.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/ready-to-run/article4944731.ece?homepage=true \|title=Ready to run \|publisher=Frontline \|date=9 August 2013 \|access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> Unit 2 attained criticality on 10 July 2016 and was synchronised with the electricity grid on 29 August.
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of units 3 & 4 was performed on 17 February 2016. Due to technology changes, inflation and insistence of the supplier and operator for additional liability insurance ~~the cost of construction~~ the construction cost of units 3 & 4 amounted to twice the cost of units 1 & 2 and was later revised to be {{INRConvert\|39849\|c\|2\|year=2020\|mode=historical}}.<ref name="pib_cost_3456">{{cite news \|title=Nuclear Power Plants \|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1605939 \|access-date=16 April 2021 \|work=Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India \|agency=Press Information Bureau \|date=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web		The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of units 3 & 4 was performed on 17 February 2016. Due to technology changes, inflation and insistence of the supplier and operator for additional liability insurance the construction cost of units 3 & 4 amounted to twice the cost of units 1 & 2 and was later revised to be {{INRConvert\|39849\|c\|2\|year=2020\|mode=historical}}.<ref name="pib_cost_3456">{{cite news \|title=Nuclear Power Plants \|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1605939 \|access-date=16 April 2021 \|work=Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India \|agency=Press Information Bureau \|date=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	\| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-03/news/56685094_1_kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-units-liability-issue		\| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-03/news/56685094_1_kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-units-liability-issue
	\| title = Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant: Cost of units 3, 4 surpasses Rs 39,000 crore		\| title = Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant: Cost of units 3, 4 surpasses Rs 39,000 crore
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	\| url-status = live		\| url-status = live
	\| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref>		\| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref>
	A budget of {{INRConvert\|49621\|c\|2\|year=2020\|mode=historical}} has been approved for construction of ~~Unit~~ 5 ~~and~~ 6.<ref name="pib_cost_3456"/>		A budget of {{INRConvert\|49621\|c\|2\|year=2020\|mode=historical}} has been approved for construction of Units 5 & 6.<ref name="pib_cost_3456"/>

	==History==		==History==
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	\| title = Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1 & 2 and		\| title = Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1 & 2 and
	\| access-date =1 June 2008		\| access-date =1 June 2008
	\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515211047/http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> \|archive-date = 15 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="koodam1" >{{Cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm \|title=History of the Kudankulam Project \|access-date=28 March 2007 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080514153031/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm \|archive-date=14 May 2008 \|url-status=~~dead~~ }}</ref>		\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515211047/http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> \|archive-date = 15 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="koodam1" >{{Cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm \|title=History of the Kudankulam Project \|access-date=28 March 2007 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080514153031/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm \|archive-date=14 May 2008 \|url-status=usurped }}</ref>

	==Operations==		==Operations==
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	Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Sudipto Mondal\|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523002413/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=23 May 2014\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>		Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Sudipto Mondal\|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523002413/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=23 May 2014\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

	===Role of ~~Church~~===		=== Role of religious organizations ===
	The [[Church of South India]] and the [[National Council of Churches]] opposed the power plant and supported the protests against it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/churches-back-kudankulam-stir/article4122068.ece\|title=Churches back Kudankulam stir\|date=22 November 2012\|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Supporters of the power plant and the government have alleged that the protest against the power plant was instigated by churches and funded by foreign sources. The protestors dismissed the allegation of foreign funding, but said that seeking support from church was "natural" as many protestors were Christian localities living in the vicinity of the Reactor.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Roy \|first1=Biswajit \|last2=G. S. Mudur \|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-professor-and-the-politics-in-anti-nuclear-crucible/cid/332630 \|work=The Telegraph \|date=9 February 2013 \|language=en}}</ref>		The [[Church of South India]] and the [[National Council of Churches]] opposed the power plant and supported the protests against it.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/churches-back-kudankulam-stir/article4122068.ece\|title=Churches back Kudankulam stir\|date=22 November 2012\|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Supporters of the power plant and the government have alleged that the protest against the power plant was instigated by churches and funded by foreign sources. The protestors dismissed the allegation of foreign funding, but said that seeking support from church was "natural" as many protestors were Christian localities living in the vicinity of the Reactor.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Roy \|first1=Biswajit \|last2=G. S. Mudur \|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-professor-and-the-politics-in-anti-nuclear-crucible/cid/332630 \|work=The Telegraph \|date=9 February 2013 \|language=en}}</ref>

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	\| Puducherry \|\| 67 MW		\| Puducherry \|\| 67 MW
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Unallocated~~ \|\| 300 MW		\| unallotted \|\| 300 MW
	\|-		\|-
	\| Total \|\| 2,000 MW		\| Total \|\| 2,000 MW
	\|}		\|}
			As of the present time on 1st December 2021, the government is considering to increase its capability to 6000 MW, on completion of KKNPP-3 & 4 (2 X 1000 MW) and KKNPP-5 & 6 (2 X 1000 MW) which are presently under construction.

	==Kudankulam Alley==		==Kudankulam Alley==

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← Older revision		Revision as of 07:27, 9 August 2021
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	On, 24 February 2012, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] blamed foreign [[NGO]]s for protests at the power plant. News agencies reported that three NGOs had diverted donations earmarked for religious and social causes to the protests, in violation of foreign exchange regulations.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/foreign-ngos-behind-kudankulam-protests-pm/story-eKdHevXTKMXvCpqBpTo5uL.html \|title=5 NGOs diverted foreign funds to fuel Kudankulam stir\|date=24 February 2012\|work=hindustantimes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kudankulam-protests-3-ngos-lose-licence-for-diverting-funds-224821.html\|title=Kudankulam protests: 3 NGOs lose licence for diverting funds\|website=Firstpost}}</ref>		On, 24 February 2012, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] blamed foreign [[NGO]]s for protests at the power plant. News agencies reported that three NGOs had diverted donations earmarked for religious and social causes to the protests, in violation of foreign exchange regulations.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/foreign-ngos-behind-kudankulam-protests-pm/story-eKdHevXTKMXvCpqBpTo5uL.html \|title=5 NGOs diverted foreign funds to fuel Kudankulam stir\|date=24 February 2012\|work=hindustantimes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kudankulam-protests-3-ngos-lose-licence-for-diverting-funds-224821.html\|title=Kudankulam protests: 3 NGOs lose licence for diverting funds\|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

	Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Sudipto Mondal\|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>		Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Sudipto Mondal\|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports\|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523002413/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=23 May 2014\|website=[[Hindustan Times]]\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

	===Role of Church===		===Role of Church===

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New page

{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox power station
| name = Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
| image = Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant Unit 1 and 2.jpg
| image_caption =
| country = India
| location =
| coordinates = {{coord|8|10|08|N|77|42|45|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}}
| cost = Units 1 & 2: {{INRConvert|17270|c|2|year=2014|mode=historical}} Units 3 & 4: {{INRConvert|39849|c|2|year=2020|mode=historical}} Units 5 & 6: {{INRConvert|49621|c|2|year=2020|mode=historical}}
| owner = [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]
| operator =
| employees =
| status =
| construction_began = Units 1 & 2: {{Start date|df=yes|2002|03|31}} Units 3 & 4: {{Start date|df=yes|2017|06|29}} Units 5 & 6: {{Start date|df=yes|2018|11|14}}
| commissioned = Unit 1: {{Start date|df=yes|2013|10|22}} Unit 2: {{Start date|df=yes|2016|10|15}}
| decommissioned = 
| np_reactors =
| np_reactor_type = VVER
| np_reactor_supplier = [[Rosatom]]
| ps_cooling_source = [[Laccadive Sea]]
| ps_cooling_towers =
| ps_units_operational = 2 × 1000 MW (gross)
| ps_units_decommissioned =
| ps_units_uc = 4 × 1000 MW (gross)
| ps_units_manu_model = [[VVER|VVER-1000/412]]
| ps_units_planned =
| ps_electrical_capacity = 1,864
| ps_electrical_cap_fac =
| ps_annual_generation = 7,134 GW·h (2018)
| website = [http://www.npcil.nic.in/main/ConstructionDetail.aspx?ReactorID=77 Nuclear Power Corporation of India]
}}

'''Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant''' (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest [[Nuclear power plant|nuclear power station]] in India, situated in [[Kudankulam]] in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002,<ref name="iaea.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=852 |title=PRIS – Albert's-1 – Reactor Details |publisher=Iaea.org |date=2002-03-31 |access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> but faced several delays due to opposition from local fishermen.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/commercial-operation-of-kudankulam-plant-delayed-further-113011300023_1.html |title=Commercial operation of Kudankulam plant delayed further |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=2013-01-13 |access-date=2013-07-14}}</ref><ref name=professor>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130209/jsp/nation/story_16541617.jsp|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible}}</ref> KKNPP is scheduled to have six [[VVER|VVER-1000]] reactors built in collaboration with [[Atomstroyexport]], the Russian state company and [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited]] (NPCIL), with an installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity.<ref name="frontline1">{{cite web|last=Subramanian|first=T.S.|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/kudankulam-ready-for-more/article9266675.ece |title=Kudankulam ready for more |publisher=Frontline |date=11 November 2016 |access-date=2016-12-22}}</ref>

Unit 1 was synchronised with the southern power grid on 22 October 2013 and since then, has been generating electricity at its warranted limit of 1,000 MW.<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kudankulam-unit-1-synchronised-with-southern-power-grid/article5260352.ece |title= Wait for Kudankulam power ends; unit 1 linked to grid |work= [[Business Line]] |date= 2013-10-22 |access-date= 2013-12-06}}</ref> The original cost of the two units was {{INR}} 13,171 [[crore]], but it was later revised to {{INR}} 17,270 crore (US$2.6 billion). Russia advanced a credit of {{INR}} 6,416 crore (US$0.97 billion) for both the units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/ready-to-run/article4944731.ece?homepage=true |title=Ready to run |publisher=Frontline |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> Unit 2 attained criticality on 10 July 2016 and was synchronised with the electricity grid on 29 August.

In 2015, Nuclear Power Corporation Ltd (NPCIL) announced a price of {{Indian Rupee}} 4.29/[[Kilowatt hour|kW·h]] (6.4 ¢/kW·h) for energy delivered from Kudankulam nuclear power plant.<ref>{{cite news
| url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Kudankulam-power-to-cost-4-29/unit/articleshow/45712143.cms
| title = Kudankulam power to cost 4.29/unit
| author = B.Sivakumar
| newspaper = The Times of India
| date = 25 January 2015
| access-date = 9 September 2015
}}</ref>

The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of units 3 & 4 was performed on 17 February 2016. Due to technology changes, inflation and insistence of the supplier and operator for additional liability insurance the cost of construction the construction cost of units 3 & 4 amounted to twice the cost of units 1 & 2 and was later revised to be {{INRConvert|39849|c|2|year=2020|mode=historical}}.<ref name="pib_cost_3456">{{cite news |title=Nuclear Power Plants |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1605939 |access-date=16 April 2021 |work=Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India |agency=Press Information Bureau |date=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-03/news/56685094_1_kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-units-liability-issue
| title = Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant: Cost of units 3, 4 surpasses Rs 39,000 crore
| date = 3 December 2014
| website = articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com
| publisher= [[The Economic Times]]
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160310165918/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-03/news/56685094_1_kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-units-liability-issue
| archive-date = 10 March 2016
| url-status = live
| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kudankulam-units-3-4-cost-more-than-doubles-over-liability-issues/article6658451.ece
| title = Kudankulam units 3, 4 cost more than doubles over liability issues
| date = 3 December 2014
| website = www.thehindu.com
| publisher = [[The Hindu]]
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141203164113/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kudankulam-units-3-4-cost-more-than-doubles-over-liability-issues/article6658451.ece
| archive-date = 3 December 2014
| url-status = live
| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref>
A budget of {{INRConvert|49621|c|2|year=2020|mode=historical}} has been approved for construction of Unit 5 and 6.<ref name="pib_cost_3456"/>

==History==
===Background===
[[File:Kudankulam NPP.jpg|left|thumb|Kudankulum under construction, 14 April 2009]]
An Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) on the project was signed on 20 November 1988 by the Prime Minister of India, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] and the [[USSR|Soviet]] head of state, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], for the construction of two reactors. The project remained in limbo for a decade due to the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]].<ref name="frontline1"/> There were also objections from the [[United States]], on the grounds that the agreement did not meet the 1992 terms of the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]] (NSG).<ref name="rusnuclear">[http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/exports/rusind/react.htm Nuclear Exports to India from Russia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401111116/http://www.nti.org/db/nisprofs/russia/exports/rusind/react.htm |date=1 April 2007 }}</ref> [[M. R. Srinivasan|M R Srinivasan]], [[Atomic Energy Commission of India|Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) Chairman from 1987 to 1990, called the project "a non-starter". However, the project was revived on 21 June 1998.<ref name="frontline1"/>

===Construction===
Construction began on 31 March 2002, with [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India|Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd]] (NPCIL) predicting that the first unit would be operational in March 2007, instead of the original target of December 2007.<ref name="frontline1"/>

A small [[port]] became operational in Kudankulam on 14 January 2004. This port was established to receive [[barge]]s carrying over-sized [[light water reactor]] equipment from ships anchored at a distance of {{convert|1.5|km}}. Until 2004, materials had to be brought in via road from the port of [[Thoothukudi]], risking damage during transportation.<ref name="koodam4">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/01/17/stories/2004011700940600.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : Kudankulam port becomes operational|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref> In 2008, negotiations on building four additional reactors at the site began. Though the capacity of these reactors has not been declared, it was expected that the capacity of each reactor will be 1,200 MW (1.2 GW).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31900120080212 | title = Russia, India edge closer to major nuclear deal | author = Dmitry Sergeev | work = Reuters | date = 1 February 2008 | access-date =1 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20081203/884/twl-india-russia-to-sign-deal-on-new-nuc_1.html | title = India, Russia to sign deal on new nuclear reactors | access-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206080407/http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20081203/884/twl-india-russia-to-sign-deal-on-new-nuc_1.html |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref> The new reactors would bring the total capacity of the power plant to 6,800 MW (6.8 GW).

The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of third and fourth units was performed on 17 February 2016 and [[AERB]] authorised the first pour of concrete on 19 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/bhoomi-pooja-performed-for-kudankulam-3rd-4th-units_1856550.html |title = Bhoomi pooja performed for Kudankulam 3rd, 4th units |publisher = Zee Media Corporation Ltd. |date = 17 February 2016 | access-date = 18 February 2016
}}</ref> Construction of the third and fourth units started on 29 June 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/news/construction-of-kudankulam-npp-2nd-stage-has-commenced/|title=Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM global leader in nuclear technologies nuclear energy|website=www.rosatom.ru}}</ref> AERB granted excavation permit for Unit 5 and 6 in 14 November 2018 and concerete pour begun in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Surendra|title=Make in India push: India likely to produce nuclear fuel with Russia’s help|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/make-in-india-push-india-likely-to-produce-n-fuel-with-russias-help/articleshow/70982319.cms|access-date=24 September 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="aerb_56">{{cite web |title=e-Newsletter, October – December 2018 |url=https://www.aerb.gov.in/images/PDF/e-Newsletter-Oct-Dec-2018-R7.pdf |website=Atomic Energy Regulatory Board |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="fpc_34">{{cite web|date=23 June 2017|title=AERB grants FPC clearance for Kudankulam units 3 and 4|url=https://www.aerb.gov.in/storage/images/PDF/p23062017.pdf|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Atomic Energy Regulatory Board}}</ref> Construction of units 5 and 6 commenced on 29 June 2021.
Unit 5 expected to be ready for commissioning in December 2026, while unit 6 is expected to be ready by September 2027.

===Cyber-attack===
In 2019, NPCIL confirmed identification of [[malware]] in the internet connected administrative network but said that the critical internal network was [[Air gap (networking)|isolated]]. KNPP officials had earlier termed reports on the [[Cyberattack|cyber attack]] as false. The malware was linked to the [[North Korea]] based [[Lazarus Group]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/confirmed-north-korean-malware-found-on-indian-nuclear-plants-network/|title=Confirmed: North Korean malware found on Indian nuclear plant's network|date=30 October 2019|newspaper=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref>

==Design and specification==
The reactors are [[pressurised water reactor]] of Russian design, model [[VVER|VVER-1000/V-412]] referred also as [[AES-92]]. Thermal capacity is 3,000 MW, gross electrical capacity is 1,000 MW with a net capacity of 917 MW.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.rosatom.ru/upload/iblock/0be/0be1220af25741375138ecd1afb18743.pdf
| title = The VVER today – Evolution – Design – Safety
| date = 2014
| website = www.rosatom.ru
| publisher = [[Rosatom]]
| pages = 11–12
| type = PDF
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721014654/http://www.rosatom.ru/upload/iblock/0be/0be1220af25741375138ecd1afb18743.pdf
| archive-date=21 July 2016| url-status = live
| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref> Construction is by NPCIL and [[Atomstroyexport]]. When completed the plant will become the largest nuclear power generation complex in India producing a cumulative 2 GW of electric power.<ref name="companyname">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/10/12/stories/2008101251200100.htm|title=NPCIL to go into details with 4 reactor suppliers}}</ref> Both units are water-cooled, water-moderated power reactors.<ref name="reactypes">{{cite web|url=http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|title=Nuclear Power Plant Type|access-date=28 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320083312/http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|archive-date=20 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=npcil-kun12>{{cite web| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/koodankulam-to-start-production-in-40-days/940736/|title= Koodankulam to start production in 40 days}}</ref><ref name=wnn-kudankulam>{{cite web
| url = http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp
| title = Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1 & 2 and
| access-date =1 June 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080515211047/http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp  |archive-date = 15 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="koodam1" >{{Cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm |title=History of the Kudankulam Project |access-date=28 March 2007 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080514153031/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1919/19190980.htm |archive-date=14 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Operations==
The first reactor of the plant attained criticality on 13 July 2013 and was connected to the grid three months later.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-goes-critical/articleshow/21061780.cms |title=Kudankulam nuclear plant goes critical |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2013-07-14 |access-date=2013-07-14}} {{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news/birds-started-nesting-in-area-surrounding-npp-of-kudankulam-5770977289_1.html|title=Birds started nesting in area surrounding NPP of Kudankulam|date=2 September 2013|publisher=India Info Online|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1">[http://www.mumbaimirror.com/news/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-begins-power-generation/articleshow/24524616.cms Kudankulam nuclear plant begins power generation]. Mumbai Mirror (22 October 2013). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref> It started commercial operation from 31 December 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Kudankulam-reactor-attains-full-capacity/article11640228.ece|title=Kudankulam reactor attains full capacity|first=A.|last=Sudhakar|date=7 June 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The second unit achieved criticality on 10 July 2016 and was connected to the grid in August.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-09-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160906112259/http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india.aspx |archive-date= 6 September 2016 }}</ref> Commercial operation started on 15 October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161015/1479295038.html|title=Путин и Моди запустили второй энергоблок АЭС "Куданкулам"|date=15 October 2016|website=РИА Новости}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Second-unit-of-Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-starts-fission/articleshow/53143042.cms |title=Second unit of Kudankulam nuclear plant starts fission |date=10 July 2016 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[Times Internet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Second-unit-of-Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-starts-fission/articleshow/53143042.cms |archive-date=10 July 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2016 }}</ref>

The [[Kerala State Electricity Board]] (KSEB) board members have approved signing of a [[power purchase agreement]] (PPA) with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) for sourcing electricity from the Kudankulam nuclear power project (KKNPP).

Unit 1 was shut down in June 2015 for refuelling and annual maintenance. On 21 January 2016 the reactor restarted and was connected to grid on 30 January 2016.<ref>{{cite news
| url =http://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/kudankulam-nuclear-plant-restarts-generation-1277488
| title=Kudankulam Nuclear-Plant Restarts Generation
| work=NDTV | date=15 February 2016 | access-date=18 February 2016}}</ref>

Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Site Director D.S. Choudhary stated on 26 January 2018 that units 1 and 2 of the nuclear plant had generated a combined total of 22,800 million units since they began functioning.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kudankulam nuclear reactors generated 22,800 million units|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kudankulam-nuclear-reactors-generated-22800-million-units/article22539654.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=19 February 2018|language=en-IN|date=28 January 2018}}</ref>

==Opposition==

In 2011, thousands from the vicinity of the plant protested against it, fearing a nuclear disaster, in the wake of the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]<ref name=nzh11>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/article.cfm?c_id=39&objectid=10762102 |title=Indian activists fear nuclear plant accident |author=Rahul Bedi |date=28 October 2011 |work=NZ Herald }}</ref> According to the protesters, evacuation of people in the event of a nuclear disaster would be impossible.<ref name="sathishmls1">{{cite web|url=https://www.transcend.org/tms/2011/08/thirteen-reasons-why-we-do-not-want-the-koodankulam-nuclear-power-project/|title=Thirteen Reasons Why We Do Not Want the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Project|website=TRANSCEND Media Service}}</ref> According to S P Udayakumar, of the [[People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy]], "the nuclear plant is unsafe". However, in 2012, the chief of India's nuclear energy programme, Dr [[Srikumar Banerjee]], called the plant "one of the safest" in the world.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kudankulam-one-of-safest-reactors-lanka-s-fears-unfounded-india-s-nuclear-chief-196617 | title=Kudankulam one of safest reactors, Lanka's fears unfounded: India's nuclear chief | work=NDTV | date=12 April 2012 | access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> In December 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that hundreds of villagers in the region were largely ignorant of the risks and benefits of the plant.<ref name="Hindu Fear ignorance">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/at-kudankulams-core-is-fear-ignorance-and-anger/article4154421.ece | title=At Kudankulam's core is fear, ignorance and anger | date=2 December 2012 | access-date=22 October 2013}}</ref>

A Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was filed in 2011 with the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] asking for nuclear power development to be delayed until safety concerns were independently assessed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3889&Itemid=614 |title=India's Rising Nuclear Safety Concerns |author=Siddharth Srivastava |date=27 October 2011 |work=Asia Sentinel |access-date=28 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215238/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3889&Itemid=614 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://insideclimatenews.org/news/20111024/india-nuclear-energy-expansion-grassroots-uprising-jaitapur-maharashtra-tamil-nadu-west-bengal-fukushima |title=Prospects Dim for India's Nuclear Power Expansion as Grassroots Uprising Spreads |author=Ranjit Devraj |date=25 October 2011 |work=Inside Climate News }}</ref> In May 2013, the Supreme Court ruled in favour of the plant, stating that the nuclear power plant was in the larger public interest.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kudankulam-verdict-for-this-village-renewed-protests-or-tacit-acceptance-363471 | title=Kudankulam verdict: for this village, renewed protests or tacit acceptance | work=NDTV | date=6 May 2013 | access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref>

In March 2012, nearly 200 [[anti-nuclear]] protesters were detained for a few hours by the police. The protesters were set to join protests objecting resumption of work of one of two 1 GW reactors, a day after the local government restarted work on the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120320-nearly-200-arrested-india-nuclear-protest |title=Nearly 200 arrested in India nuclear protest |date=20 March 2012 |work=France24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531034131/http://www.france24.com/en/20120320-nearly-200-arrested-india-nuclear-protest |archive-date=31 May 2012 }}</ref>

There have also been rallies and protests in favour of commissioning this nuclear power plant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2898930.ece |title=Rally seeks power generation at Kudankulam plant|date=16 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2926774.ece |title=Blood donation camp in support of N-plant|date=24 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref>

On, 24 February 2012, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] blamed foreign [[NGO]]s for protests at the power plant. News agencies reported that three NGOs had diverted donations earmarked for religious and social causes to the protests, in violation of foreign exchange regulations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/foreign-ngos-behind-kudankulam-protests-pm/story-eKdHevXTKMXvCpqBpTo5uL.html |title=5 NGOs diverted foreign funds to fuel Kudankulam stir|date=24 February 2012|work=hindustantimes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kudankulam-protests-3-ngos-lose-licence-for-diverting-funds-224821.html|title=Kudankulam protests: 3 NGOs lose licence for diverting funds|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sudipto Mondal|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

===Role of Church===
The [[Church of South India]] and the [[National Council of Churches]] opposed the power plant and supported the protests against it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/churches-back-kudankulam-stir/article4122068.ece|title=Churches back Kudankulam stir|date=22 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Supporters of the power plant and the government have alleged that the protest against the power plant was instigated by churches and funded by foreign sources. The protestors dismissed the allegation of foreign funding, but said that seeking support from church was "natural" as many protestors were Christian localities living in the vicinity of the Reactor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Biswajit |last2=G. S. Mudur |title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-professor-and-the-politics-in-anti-nuclear-crucible/cid/332630 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

===Response from officials===
Former chairman of [[Atomic Energy Commission of India]] Srinivasan said, "The Fukushima plant was built on a beach-front, but the Kudankulam was constructed on a solid terrain and that too keeping all the safety aspects in mind. Also, we are not in a tsunami prone area. The plants in Kudankulam have a double containment system which can withstand high pressure. At least {{Indian Rupee}} 14,000 crore has been spent. If we don't operate the plant immediately, it will affect the economic stability of our country".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-14/chennai/30397314_1_kudankulam-fukushima-nuclear-power|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120718093302/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-14/chennai/30397314_1_kudankulam-fukushima-nuclear-power|url-status= dead|archive-date= 18 July 2012|work= [[The Times of India]]|title= Kudankulam plant is safe: Srinivasan |date=14 November 2011 }}</ref>

A centre panel constituted by the Government of India, which did a survey of the safety features in the plant, vouched for the safety of the Kudankulam reactors. Dr Muthunayagam, who headed the panel, said that the protesters asked for some documents which are not related to the safety of the reactor.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article2640076.ece|title= Kudankulam reactors safest: Central panel|date=19 November 2011 |work=The Hindu }}</ref> Nuclear scientist and principal scientific adviser to the federal Government of India [[Rajagopala Chidambaram]] has said "We have learnt lessons from the Fukushima nuclear accident, particularly on the post-shut-down cooling system", and also added Fukushima nuclear accident should not deter or inhibit India from pursuing a safe civil nuclear programme.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2947436.ece |title= R. Chidambaram bats for Kudankulam |date=12 March 2012 |work=The Hindu }}</ref>

The Tamil Nadu state government formed a four-member expert panel which submitted a report to the government after inspecting the safety features of the plant. The Tamil Nadu government in the wake of the acute power shortages in the state has ordered in favour of the commissioning of the plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_kudankulam-nuclear-power-plant-issue-ends_1664495 |title=Kudankulam nuclear power plant issue ends – India – DNA |publisher=Dnaindia.com |date=19 March 2012 |access-date=2012-11-17}}</ref>

==Allocation of power==
Government of India announced the power allocation from the two units of the reactor on 29 August 2013.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=98899 Press Information Bureau English Releases]. Pib.nic.in. Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Beneficiary !! Power (MW)
|-
| Tamil Nadu || 925 MW
|-
| Karnataka || 442 MW
|-
| Kerala || 266 MW
|-
| Puducherry || 67 MW
|-
| Unallocated || 300 MW
|-
| Total || 2,000 MW
|}

==Kudankulam Alley==
The town council of [[Volgodonsk]], [[Rostov Oblast]] named a lane located next to the [[Atommash]] plant as Kudankulam Alley in November 2018. The plant, which is owned by [[Rosatom]], manufactures equipment for the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant.<ref>{{cite web |title=Now, a Kudankulam lane in Russia |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2018/11/02/now-kudankulam-lane-russia.html |website=The Week |access-date=27 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

== Units ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Unit
!Type
!Gross MW
!Construction start
!Operation start
!Notes
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" |'''Phase I'''
|-
|KKNPP-1
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|31 March 2002
|22 October 2013
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|KKNPP-2
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|31 March 2002
|15 October 2016
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
| colspan="6" align="center" |'''''Phase II'''''
|-
|KKNPP-3
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|29 June 2017
|2023 (planned)
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|KKNPP-4
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|29 June 2017
|2023 (planned)
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|KKNPP-5
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|14 November 2018
|December 2026 (planned)
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=2021-06-30|title=Construction of Kudankulam nuclear reactors 5 and 6 begins|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/construction-of-kudankulam-nuclear-reactors-5-and-6-begins/article35046691.ece|access-date=2021-06-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|KKNPP-6
|[[VVER#VVER-1000|VVER-1000]]
|1000
|14 November 2018
|September 2027 (planned)
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Nuclear technology|Energy}}
* [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India]]
* [[Nuclear power in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.npcil.nic.in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd]
*[http://www.selectourfuture.org/map/ta/ Nuclear Plant Navigation Map (Tamil language)]

{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{Power Plants of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Nuclear power stations in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tirunelveli]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations with proposed reactors]]
[[Category:India–Soviet Union relations]]
[[Category:Nuclear power stations using VVER reactors]]
[[Category:Anti-nuclear movement in India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]