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{{distinguish|Kota language (Gabon)|Kota language (Central African Republic)}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Kota
|nativename=''Kō mānt''
|states=[[India]]
|ethnicity=[[Kota people (India)|Kotas]]
|region=[[Nilgiris district|Nilgiri Hills]]
|speakers=930 
|date=2001 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Dravidian
|fam2=[[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]
|fam3=[[Tamil–Kannada languages|Tamil–Kannada]]
|fam4=[[Tamil–Kodagu languages|Tamil–Kodagu]]
|fam5=[[Toda–Kota languages|Toda–Kota]]
|iso3=kfe
|glotto=kota1263
|glottorefname=Kota (India)
|notice=Indic
}}
'''Kota''' is a language of the [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language family]] with about 9000 native speakers in the [[Nilgiri hills]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state, [[India]]. It is spoken mainly by the tribal [[Kota people (India)|Kota people]]. In the late 19th century, the native speaking population was about 1,100.<ref>Caldwell, Robert. 1875. A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. London: Trübner & Company</ref> In 1990, the population was only 930, out of an ethnic population of perhaps 1,400, despite the great increase in the population of the area.<ref name=e18/> The language is 'critically endangered' due to the greater social status of neighbouring languages.<ref>Prema, S. n.d. "Status of Dravidian Tribal Languages in Kerala" University of Kerala</ref> The Kota language may have originated from [[Tamil-Kannada]] and is closely related to [[Toda language|Toda]]. The Kota population is about 2500. The origin of the name Kota is derived from the Dravidian root word 'Ko' meaning Mountain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hellomyexpert.com/breekschatter/summer2012/2012/06/30/the-kotas-jamuna-raju-89/|title=The Kota Tribes of Nilgiris|last=Raju|first=Jamuna|date=30 June 2012|website=Breeks Chatter|access-date=28 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402202304/http://hellomyexpert.com/breekschatter/summer2012/2012/06/30/the-kotas-jamuna-raju-89/|archive-date=2 April 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhXRDSgBuL0C&q=kota|title=History of Kannada Language|last=Narasimhacharya|first=R.|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1990|isbn=9788120605596|location=New Delhi, Madras|pages=37}}</ref>

==Phonology==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+[[Consonant]]s<ref>{{cite book|last=Krishnamurti|first=Bhadriraju|title=The Dravidian languages|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-511-06037-3|pages=53|edition=null}}</ref>
|-
!colspan=2|
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/<br>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
!colspan=2|[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| m || n̪ |||| ɳ || ɲ ||
|-
!rowspan=2|[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
!{{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| p || t̪ || t || ʈ || c (t͡ʃ) || k
|-
!{{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| b || d̪ || d || ɖ || ɟ (d͡ʒ) || ɡ
|-
!colspan=2|[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
||||| s ||||||
|-
!colspan=2|[[Tap consonant|Tap]]
||||| ɾ || ɽ ||||
|-
!rowspan=2|[[Approximant consonant|Approx.]]
!{{small|[[central consonant|central]]}}
| ʋ |||||||| j ||
|-
!{{small|[[lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
||||| l || ɭ ||||
|}

[{{IPA|s}}] and [{{IPA|z}}] occur in free variation with /{{IPA|c}} ({{IPA|t͡ʃ}})/ and /{{IPA|ɟ}} ({{IPA|d͡ʒ}})/. [{{IPA|ʂ}}] occurs as an allophone of /{{IPA|s}}/ before retroflexes.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*Emeneau, M.B. 1944. ''[https://books.google.com/books/about/Kota_Texts.html?id=yo3YAAAAMAAJ/ Kota Texts]'' California: University of California Press.
*{{cite journal|last1=Emeneau|first1=M. B.|title=Some Origins of Kota -j(-)|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|date=April 2000|volume=120|issue=2|pages=231–233|doi=10.2307/605026|jstor=605026}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Emeneau|first1=M. B.|title=Onomatopoetics in the Indian Linguistic Area|journal=Language|date=June 1969|volume=45|issue=2|pages=274–299|doi=10.2307/411660|jstor=411660}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Emeneau|first1=M. B.|title=Proto-Dravidian *c-: Toda t-|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|date=24 December 2009|volume=15|issue=1|pages=98–112|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00087280|jstor=608887}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsfEv9bxDes/ Olympic Song Practice Session in Kota Language & Style]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20191211105914/http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4369/samples/8575 The hare in the moon and eclipses of the moon]
*[https://archive.org/stream/rosettaproject_kfe_swadesh-1/kfe.txt/ Kota Swedesh List]

{{Dravidian languages}}
{{Languages of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Languages spoken in Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kota Language}}
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]

Kota language (India) - Revision history

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