Korlai Portuguese Creole - Revision history

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added formatting for consistency for clarity

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Fixing reference errors

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	'''Korlai Indo-Portuguese''' is a [[creole language]] based on [[Portuguese language\|Portuguese]], spoken by less than 1,000 [[Luso-Indian]] [[Indian Christians\|Christians]] of [[Korlai Fort\|Korlai]] in the [[Raigad District]] ([[Colaba District]]) of the [[Konkan]] region, in [[Maharashtra, India]]. It is located between [[Goa and Damaon]]. It has vigorous use and it is also known as '''Kristi''' ("Christian"), Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or as ''Nou Ling'' by the [[creole people]] of Korlai themselves, which literally means "our language".		'''Korlai Indo-Portuguese''' is a [[creole language]] based on [[Portuguese language\|Portuguese]], spoken by less than 1,000 [[Luso-Indian]] [[Indian Christians\|Christians]] of [[Korlai Fort\|Korlai]] in the [[Raigad District]] ([[Colaba District]]) of the [[Konkan]] region, in [[Maharashtra, India]]. It is located between [[Goa and Damaon]]. It has vigorous use and it is also known as '''Kristi''' ("Christian"), Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or as ''Nou Ling'' by the [[creole people]] of Korlai themselves, which literally means "our language".

	== Distribution and number of speakers ==		<ref name="undefined" />== Distribution and number of speakers ==
	[[File:Korlai.jpg\|thumb\|The village of Korlai viewed from [[Korlai Fort]]]]		[[File:Korlai.jpg\|thumb\|The village of Korlai viewed from [[Korlai Fort]]]]

	The village of Korlai lies on the mouth of Kundalika River, across from the ruins of [[Korlai Fort\|a large Portuguese fort]], which is located in [[Revdanda]]. Until the 20th century, Korlai, its Christian inhabitants, and its language were relatively isolated from the Marathi-speaking Hindus and Muslims surrounding them. Since 1986, there is a bridge across the [[Kundalika River]], because of which industry has now moved into the area.		The village of Korlai lies on the mouth of Kundalika River, across from the ruins of [[Korlai Fort\|a large Portuguese fort]], which is located in [[Revdanda]]. Until the 20th century, Korlai, its Christian inhabitants, and its language were relatively isolated from the Marathi-speaking Hindus and Muslims surrounding them. Since 1986, there is a bridge across the [[Kundalika River]], because of which industry has now moved into the area.

	What is known about the history and the grammar of ''No Ling'' can be found in the 1996 book ''The Genesis of a Language: Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese'' written by J. Clancy Clements.		What is known about the history and the grammar of ''No Ling'' can be found in the 1996 book ''The Genesis of a Language: Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese'' written by J. Clancy Clements.

			Portuguese colonisation in the 15th and 16th centuries gave rise to Portuguese-controlled trading posts, forts, and colonies in the Subcontinent. This led to the birth of some interesting pidgins and creoles for which Portuguese was the lexifier language (a language from which pidgins/creoles derive their core lexicon).

			One of the Portuguese lexified creoles still spoken in India is Korlai Creole Portuguese. Spoken by around 800 people of the coastal village of Korlai, located about 150 kilometres south of Mumbai, Korlai Creole was formed between the 16th to 18th century when Portuguese came in contact with Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language. Also known as Kristy or Nau lin, what sets Korlai Creole and the other Indo-Portuguese creoles apart from their Portuguese-lexified Atlantic counterparts is the nature of the contact situations prevalent in Southasia compared to the Atlantic world. While Portuguese-based Atlantic creoles formed in situations in which several languages were in contact with each other, Indo-Portuguese creoles formed in two-language contact situations. A majority of Korlai Creole’s core lexicon is from Portuguese. Due to the Catholic church in Mumbai adopting Marathi post 1964, and it being the medium of education in schools, the Korlai has become highly endangered and may become extinct in a few decades.

			Portuguese creoles in northern areas (Diu and Korlai) had Indo-Aryan substrate in the form of Gujarati and Marathi, respectively.

	== Examples of ''No Ling'' ==		== Examples of ''No Ling'' ==

>PK2: PK2 moved page Korlai Portuguese creole to Korlai Portuguese Creole: capital letters

2020-12-05T21:44:29Z

PK2 moved page Korlai Portuguese creole to Korlai Portuguese Creole: capital letters

New page

{{Infobox language
|name = Korlai Indo-Portuguese
|altname = Kristi
|nativename = ''Nou Ling''
|states = [[India]]
|speakers = 750
|date=1998
|ref=e18
|familycolor = Creole

|fam1 = [[Portuguese Creole]]
|fam2 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Indo-Portuguese]]
|fam3 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Northern Indo-Portuguese]]
|iso3=vkp
|glotto=korl1238
|glottorefname=Korlai Portuguese
|lingua=51-AAC-agc
|pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India
|coordinates = {{coord|18.5232|N|72.9195|E|region:IN-MH}}
}}

'''Korlai Indo-Portuguese''' is a [[creole language]] based on [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], spoken by less than 1,000 [[Luso-Indian]] [[Indian Christians|Christians]] of [[Korlai Fort|Korlai]] in the [[Raigad District]] ([[Colaba District]]) of the [[Konkan]] region, in [[Maharashtra, India]]. It is located between [[Goa and Damaon]]. It has vigorous use and it is also known as '''Kristi''' ("Christian"), Korlai Creole Portuguese, Korlai Portuguese, or as ''Nou Ling'' by the [[creole people]] of Korlai themselves, which literally means "our language".

== Distribution and number of speakers ==
[[File:Korlai.jpg|thumb|The village of Korlai viewed from [[Korlai Fort]]]]

The village of Korlai lies on the mouth of Kundalika River, across from the ruins of [[Korlai Fort|a large Portuguese fort]], which is located in [[Revdanda]]. Until the 20th century, Korlai, its Christian inhabitants, and its language were relatively isolated from the Marathi-speaking Hindus and Muslims surrounding them. Since 1986, there is a bridge across the [[Kundalika River]], because of which industry has now moved into the area.

What is known about the history and the grammar of ''No Ling'' can be found in the 1996 book ''The Genesis of a Language: Formation and Development of Korlai Portuguese'' written by J. Clancy Clements.

== Examples of ''No Ling'' ==

:Thanks a lot: ''Muit'obrigad!'' From Port. ''Muito Obrigado''
:I: ''yo''; From Port. ''eu''
:You (singular): ''wo''; From Port. ''vós''
:You (formal): ''usé''; From Port. ''você''
:He and She: ''el''; From Port. ''ele'' (he) and ''ela'' (she)
:We: ''no''; From Port. ''nós''
:You (plural): ''udzó''; From Port. ''vós outros''
:They: ''eló''; from Port. ''eles outros''
:Numerals: ''ũ, doy, tre, kwat, sink, sey, set, oyt, nob, dey''; From Port. ''um, dois, três, quatro, cinco, seis, sete, oito, nove, dez''
:First, Second: ''Primer, Sigun''; From Port. ''Primeiro, Segundo''
:How are you?: ''Use, kile te?''
:All are eating and drinking their fill: ''tud gent cumen beben tem fart''; From Port. ''toda a gente come e bebe até farta''

Song of Korlai:
:''Maldita Maria Madulena,''
:''Maldita firmosa,''
:''Ai, contra ma ja foi a Madulena,''
:''Vastida de mata!''

Portuguese translation:
:''Maldita Maria Madalena,''
:''Maldita Formosa,''
:''Ai, contra minha vontade foi a Madalena,''
:''Vestida de mata!''

English translation:
:Cursed Maria Madalena,
:Cursed Beautiful one,
:Oh, against my will it was Madalena,
:Dressed in leaves and branches!

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=J. Clancy |title=The Genesis of a Language: the formation and development of Korlai Portuguese |date=1996 |publisher=John Benjamins |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789027252388}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Clements |first1=J. Clancy |title=Portuguese Settlement of the Chaul/Korlai area and the Formation of Korlai Creole Portuguese |journal=Journal of Language Contact |date=2015 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=13–35 |doi=10.1163/19552629-00801002|doi-access=free }}

{{Portuguese Creoles}}

[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Luso-Indian]]