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	[[File:Domical Ceiling at Mahadeva Temple in Itagi.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Domical ceiling in Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, the Koppal district]]		[[File:Domical Ceiling at Mahadeva Temple in Itagi.JPG\|thumb\|right\|Domical ceiling in Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, the Koppal district]]

	The Mahadeva temple at Itagi dedicated to Shiva is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'.<ref name="emperor">Kamath (2001), pp 117–118</ref> Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a ''linga'', is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own ''linga''. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of Mahadeva, the Chalukya commander who consecrated the temple in 1112 CE.<ref name="parent">{{cite web\|title=Emperor of Temples' crying for attention\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm\|author=Rao, Kishan\|publisher=The Hindu\|date=2002-06-10\|access-date=2007-11-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128010619/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm\|archive-date=2007-11-28\|url-status=~~dead~~}}</ref>		The Mahadeva temple at Itagi dedicated to Shiva is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'.<ref name="emperor">Kamath (2001), pp 117–118</ref> Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a ''linga'', is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own ''linga''. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of Mahadeva, the Chalukya commander who consecrated the temple in 1112 CE.<ref name="parent">{{cite web\|title=Emperor of Temples' crying for attention\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm\|author=Rao, Kishan\|publisher=The Hindu\|date=2002-06-10\|access-date=2007-11-09\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128010619/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm\|archive-date=2007-11-28\|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
	Soapstone is found in abundance in the regions of Haveri, Savanur, Byadgi, Motebennur and Hangal. The great archaic sandstone building blocks used by the Badami Chalukyas were superseded with smaller blocks of soapstone and with smaller masonry.<ref name="hangal">Cousens (1926), p 18</ref>		Soapstone is found in abundance in the regions of Haveri, Savanur, Byadgi, Motebennur and Hangal. The great archaic sandstone building blocks used by the Badami Chalukyas were superseded with smaller blocks of soapstone and with smaller masonry.<ref name="hangal">Cousens (1926), p 18</ref>
	The first temple to be built from this material was the Amrtesvara Temple in Annigeri in the Dharwad district in 1050 CE. This building was to be the prototype for later, more articulated structures such as the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.<ref name="sand">Foekema (2003), p 49</ref>		The first temple to be built from this material was the Amrtesvara Temple in Annigeri in the Dharwad district in 1050 CE. This building was to be the prototype for later, more articulated structures such as the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.<ref name="sand">Foekema (2003), p 49</ref>

imported>C1MM: Added montage to infobox

2021-07-28T05:36:52Z

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Koppala}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koppal District
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Karnataka|District]] of [[Karnataka]]
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|photo1a = Koppal Fort.jpg
|photo2a = HBPA C 8216 Tungabhadra Virupaksha from Anjanadri Hill.jpg
|photo2b = Asoka rock edict 6.JPG
|photo3a = 12th century Mahadeva temple, Itagi, Karnataka India - 106.jpg
|photo3b = 9th century Navalinga temple, Kukkanur, Karnataka India - 5.jpg
|size=250
}}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = From top-left: Koppal Fort, view of Hampi from Anjaneya Hill, Ashoka Rock Edict, Itagi Mahadeva Temple, Navalinga Temple, Kuknur
| nickname =
| image_map = Karnataka Koppal locator map.svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|15|34|31|N|76|0|48|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of Karnataka|Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gulbarga division|Gulbarga]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 24 August 1997
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluks|Taluk]]
| parts = [[Koppala]], [[Gangavathi]], [[Yelburga]], [[Kushtagi]], [[Kanakagiri]], [[Kukanur]], [[Karatagi]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Koppala]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner
| leader_name = P. Sunil Kumar IAS
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7190
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,389,920
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 5832
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08539
| registration_plate = * [[Koppal]] KA-37
| website = {{ url |koppal.nic.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KA]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Koppal district''', officially known as '''Koppala district''' is an administrative [[district]] in the state of [[Karnataka]] in [[India]]. In the past Koppal was referred to as 'Kopana Nagara'. [[Hampi]], a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppal District. It is situated approximately 38 km away. [[Anegundi]], is also a famous travel destination.

==History==
Koppal, now a district headquarters, is ancient ''Kopana'', a major Jain holy site. [[Palkigundu and Gavimath, Koppal|Palkigundu]] is described as the famous ''Indrakila parvata'' of mythology. There is an ancient Shiva temple called the ''Male Malleshwara''. There are two Ashoka inscriptions at ''Palkigundu'' and ''Gavimatha''. Koppal was the capital of a branch of [[Shilahara]]s under the [[Western Chalukya Empire|Chalukyas of Kalyan]]. In [[Shivaji]]'s times it was one of the eight ''prant''s or revenue divisions of Southern Maratha Country.<ref>{{cite book |title=Glimpses of Maratha socio-economic history |last=Chitnis |first=Krishnaji Nageshrao |year=1994 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7156-347-3 |page=155 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k--C9xHsSnEC&q=Koppal&pg=PA13 |access-date=2010-12-14}}</ref> During [[India's First War of Independence]], Mundargi Bheema Rao and Hammige Kenchanagouda died fighting the British here in June 1858. [[Kinhal]] 13 km away from Koppal is famous for its traditional colourful lacquerware.

== Towns in Koppal District ==

* [[Gangavathi]]
* [[Kanakagiri]]
* [[Karatagi]]
* [[Koppala|Koppal]]
* [[Kuknoor]]
* [[Kushtagi]]
* [[Munirabad]]
* [[Yelbarga|Yalaburga]]
* [[Bhagyanagar]]
* [[Tavaragera]]
* [[Kinnal]]
* [[Challur]]

==Geography==

The district occupies an area of 7,190 km² and has a population of 1,196,089, of which 16.58% was urban as of 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=August 27, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703215108/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/India_WhizMap/IndiaMap.htm |archive-date=July 3, 2007 }}</ref> Koppal district was carved out of [[Raichur]] district in 1997.

== Taluks ==

Koppal district has the following seven [[talukas]]: [[Koppal]], [[Gangavathi]], [[Yelburga]], [[Kushtagi]], [[Kanakagiri]], [[Kukanur]] and [[Karatagi]].

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Koppal district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,389,920,<ref name=districtcensus/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Swaziland]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Swaziland 1,370,424
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau
|access-date=2011-09-30
|quote=Hawaii 1,360,301
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=October 19, 2013
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 350th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/>
The district has a population density of {{convert| 250 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 16.32%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Koppal has a [[sex ratio]] of 983 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 67.28%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{bar box
|title = Religion in Koppal district (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census of India|access-date=29 July 2021}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.63}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|11.64}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.73}}
}}
Hindus make up 87.63% of the population while Muslims are 11.64%.
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,84,184|13=1911|14=3,05,145|15=1921|16=2,90,083|17=1931|18=3,17,262|19=1941|20=3,55,851|21=1951|22=4,21,043|23=1961|24=4,65,545|25=1971|26=6,11,928|27=1981|28=7,48,222|29=1991|30=9,58,078|31=2001|32=11,96,089|33=2011|34=13,89,920|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}
The main language is [[Kannada]], spoken by 84.09% of the population. The second most-populous language is [[Urdu]], spoken by 7.34%, mainly in urban areas. [[Telugu language|Telugu]] speakers are 4.17% while [[Lambadi]] and [[Hindi]] are spoken by 1.64% and 1.44% of the population respectively.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>
==Tourist attractions==
[[Image:Itagi Mahadeva temple.JPG|thumb|right|280px|Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Koppal district, 1112 CE, an example of ''Karnata''-''Dravida'' articulation with a ''nagara'' superstructure]]

Most notable of the many buildings dating from this period<ref>[[Western Chalukya architecture]]</ref> is the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi in the Yelabarga taluk.

===The Mahadeva Temple===
[[Image:View of ornate pillared hall in Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.jpg|thumb|left |Open ''mantapa'' (hall) at the Mahadeva Temple in Itagi, the Koppal district, 1112 CE]]
[[Image:Figure Sculpture at Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.JPG|thumb|left|Figure sculpture at Mahadeva Temple]]
[[File:Domical Ceiling at Mahadeva Temple in Itagi.JPG|thumb|right|Domical ceiling in Mahadeva Temple at Itagi, the Koppal district]]

The Mahadeva temple at Itagi dedicated to Shiva is among the larger temples built by the Western Chalukyas and perhaps the most famous. Inscriptions hail it as the 'Emperor among temples'.<ref name="emperor">Kamath (2001), pp 117–118</ref> Here, the main temple, the sanctum of which has a ''linga'', is surrounded by thirteen minor shrines, each with its own ''linga''. The temple has two other shrines, dedicated to Murthinarayana and Chandraleshwari, parents of Mahadeva, the Chalukya commander who consecrated the temple in 1112 CE.<ref name="parent">{{cite web|title=Emperor of Temples' crying for attention|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|author=Rao, Kishan|publisher=The Hindu|date=2002-06-10|access-date=2007-11-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071128010619/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/06/10/stories/2002061003760500.htm|archive-date=2007-11-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Soapstone is found in abundance in the regions of Haveri, Savanur, Byadgi, Motebennur and Hangal. The great archaic sandstone building blocks used by the Badami Chalukyas were superseded with smaller blocks of soapstone and with smaller masonry.<ref name="hangal">Cousens (1926), p 18</ref>
The first temple to be built from this material was the Amrtesvara Temple in Annigeri in the Dharwad district in 1050 CE. This building was to be the prototype for later, more articulated structures such as the Mahadeva Temple at Itagi.<ref name="sand">Foekema (2003), p 49</ref>
The 11th-century temple-building boom continued in the 12th century with the addition of new features. The Mahadeva Temple at Itagi and the Siddhesvara Temple in Haveri are standard constructions incorporating these developments. Based on the general plan of the Amrtesvara Temple at Annigeri, the Mahadeva Temple was built in 1112 CE and has the same architectural components as its predecessor. There are however differences in their articulation; the ''sala'' roof (roof under the [[finial]] of the superstructure) and the miniature towers on [[pilaster]]s are chiseled instead of moulded.<ref name="sala">Foekema (2003), p 57</ref>

[[Image:Old Kannada inscription in the mantapa of Navalinga temple at Kuknur.jpg|thumb|right|9th century ''old Kannada'' inscription at Navalinga temple in Kuknur, [[Karnataka]]]]

The difference between the two temples, built fifty years apart, is the more rigid modelling and decoration found in many components of the Mahadeva Temple. The voluptuous carvings of the 11th century were replaced with a more severe chiselling.<ref name="chisele">Foekema (2003), p 56</ref>

In Karnataka their most famous temples are the ''Kashivishvanatha''<ref>[[Rashtrakutas]]</ref> temple and the Jain Narayana temple at [[Pattadakal]], both of which are [[UNESCO]] World Heritage sites.<ref name="karnataka_whs">{{cite web|title=Reclaiming past glory|url=http://www.archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272007/spectrum1437452007226.asp|author=Vijapur, Raju S.|publisher=Spectrum|work=Deccan Herald|access-date=2007-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007194411/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/feb272007/spectrum1437452007226.asp|archive-date=2011-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other well known temples are the ''Parameshwara'' temple at Konnur, ''Brahmadeva'' temple at Savadi, the ''Settavva'', ''Kontigudi II'', ''Jadaragudi'' and ''Ambigeragudi'' temples at [[Aihole]], ''Mallikarjuna'' temple at Ron, ''Andhakeshwara'' temple at Huli, ''Someshwara'' temple at Sogal, Jain temples at Lokapura, ''[[Navalinga Temple]]'' at Kuknur, ''Kumaraswamy'' temple at Sandur, at Shirival in Gulbarga and the ''Trikunteshwara'' temple at Gadag which was later expanded by Kalyani Chalukyas. Archeological study of these temples show some have the stellar (multigonal) plan later to be used profusely by the [[Hoysalas]] of [[Belur, Karnataka|Belur]] and [[Halebidu]].<ref name="karnatakatemples">Sundara and Rajashekar, {{cite web|title=Society, Religion and Economic condition in the period of Rashtrakutas |url=http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |author=Arthikaje, Mangalore |publisher=1998–2000 OurKarnataka.Com, Inc. |access-date=2006-12-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104095148/http://www.ourkarnataka.com/history.htm |archive-date=November 4, 2006 }}</ref> One of the richest traditions in Indian architecture took shape in the Deccan during this time and one writer calls it ''Karnata dravida'' style as opposed to traditional Dravida style.<ref name="Karnatadravida">{{cite journal |jstor=3250027 |last1=Sinha |first1=Ajay J. |title=Reviewed work: Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation, the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Adam Hardy |journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=58 |issue=3/4 |pages=358–362 |year=1999 |doi=10.2307/3250027 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Koppal (Lok Sabha Constituency)]]
*[[Kushtagi (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Koppal district}}
*[https://koppal.nic.in/ Official website of Koppal district]
*[http://www.templenet.com/Karnataka/kalyani_chalukya.html Kalyani Chalukyan temples on www.templenet.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120216065838/http://www.gazetteer.kar.nic.in/data/gazetteer/postind/Kar_Handbook_2005_Chapter14.Pdf Karnataka District Gazetteer Page 36]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Koppal district
|North = [[Bagalkot district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Raichur district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Bellary district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Gadag district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Karnataka topics}}

{{Koppal}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koppal District}}
[[Category:Koppal district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Karnataka]]

Koppal district - Revision history

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