Komal Gandhar - Revision history

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	\| name = Komal Gandhar <br />(A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)		\| name = Komal Gandhar <br />(A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)
	\| image = Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg		\| image = Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg
	~~\| image_size = 200px~~
	\| alt = Komal Gandhar DVD cover		\| alt = Komal Gandhar DVD cover
	~~\| border =~~		\| caption = Poster
	\| caption = ~~A poster for ''Komal Gandhar''.~~
	\| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]		\| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
	\| writer =		\| writer =
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	\| studio =		\| studio =
	\| distributor =		\| distributor =
	\| released = 31 ~~March 1961~~		\| released = {{Film date\|1961\|03\|31\|df=y}}
	\| runtime =		\| runtime =
	\| country = [[India]]		\| country = [[India]]
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	}}		}}

	'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{~~lang-~~bn\|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book\|author=Manju Jain\|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4\|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal\|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book\|author=Robert Burgoyne\|title=The Epic Film\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2\|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web\|title=E-Flat (1961)\|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 May 2013\|department=Movies & TV Dept.\|work=[[The New York Times~~]]\|publisher=[[Baseline (database)\|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide~~]]\|date=2013\|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|title=Jinxed legacy \|publisher=Hinduonnet.com \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|archive-date=6 June 2011 \|url-status=~~dead~~ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|title=Of Time And The River… \|publisher=www.outlookindia.com \|date=2006-07-21 \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|archive-date=14 February 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music\|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)\|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories\|author=Rosalind Galt\|author2=Karl Schoonover \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph\|author= Haimanti Banerjee\|publisher=National Film Archive of India \|year=1985\|isbn=81-201-0001-8 \|pages=62–3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>		'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{langx\|bn\|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book\|author=Manju Jain\|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4\|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal\|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book\|author=Robert Burgoyne\|title=The Epic Film\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2\|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web\|title=E-Flat (1961)\|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 May 2013\|department=Movies & TV Dept.\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|date=2013\|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|title=Jinxed legacy \|publisher=Hinduonnet.com \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|archive-date=6 June 2011 \|url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|title=Of Time And The River… \|publisher=www.outlookindia.com \|date=2006-07-21 \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|archive-date=14 February 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music\|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960 film)\|Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)\|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories\|author=Rosalind Galt\|author2=Karl Schoonover \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph\|author= Haimanti Banerjee\|publisher=National Film Archive of India \|year=1985\|isbn=81-201-0001-8 \|pages=62–3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>

	==Overview==		==Overview==
	The title was taken from the line of a poem<ref group=lower-alpha>Book: Punascha, poem: Komal–Gandhar; {{~~lang-~~bn\|নাম রেখেছি কোমল গান্ধার, মনে মনে।}}</ref> by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] that meant a ''sur'' or note, [[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]. As in other films by Ghatak, music plays a pivotal role in the movie.		The film title was taken from the line of a poem<ref group=lower-alpha>Book: Punascha, poem: Komal–Gandhar; {{langx\|bn\|নাম রেখেছি কোমল গান্ধার, মনে মনে।}}</ref> by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] that meant a ''sur'' or note, [[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]. As in other films by Ghatak, music plays a pivotal role in the movie.

	Through the microcosmic perspectivising of a group of devoted and uncompromising [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]] workers, Ghatak with his signature style touches on varied issues of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)\|partition]], idealism, corruption, the interdependence of art and life, the scope of art, and class-struggle. Unlike his other films, this one runs along an upbeat mood with the lead pair of lovers (Vrigu and Anusua) being reunited.		Through the microcosmic perspectivising of a group of devoted and uncompromising [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]] workers, Ghatak with his signature style touches on varied issues of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)\|partition]], idealism, corruption, the interdependence of art and life, the scope of art, and class-struggle. Unlike his other films, this one runs along an upbeat mood with the lead pair of lovers (Vrigu and Anusua) being reunited.

	==Cast==		==Cast==
			* [[Supriya Devi]] as Anusuya
	* Abanish Bannerjee as Bhrigu		* Abanish Bannerjee as Bhrigu
	* [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] as Gagan		* [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] as Gagan
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	* [[Gyanesh Mukherjee]]		* [[Gyanesh Mukherjee]]
	* Satyabrata Chattopadhyay		* Satyabrata Chattopadhyay
	* [[Supriya Devi]] as Anusuya
	* [[Gita Dey]] as Shanta		* [[Gita Dey]] as Shanta

	==Soundtrack==		==Soundtrack==
	Music was by Jyotirindra Moitra, from [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and a noted [[Rabindra Sangeet]] exponent who had previously given music in Ghatak's ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), and had song by singers like, [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Hemanga Biswas]]. [[Bahadur Khan]] played [[sarod]] in the soundtrack. The film is noted for its wedding songs and also [[contrapuntal]] use of sound.<ref>''Indian horizons'', Volume 44. [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]., 1995. ''p. 127''.</ref>		Music was by Jyotirindra Moitra, from [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and a noted [[Rabindra Sangeet]] exponent who had previously given music in Ghatak's ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960 film)\|Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), and had song by singers like, [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Hemanga Biswas]]. [[Bahadur Khan (musician)\|Bahadur Khan]] played [[sarod]] in the soundtrack. The film is noted for its wedding songs and also [[contrapuntal]] use of sound.<ref>''Indian horizons'', Volume 44. [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]., 1995. ''p. 127''.</ref>

	== Screening of Komal Gandhar aka E-Flat in different festivals ==		== Screening of Komal Gandhar aka E-Flat in different festivals ==
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	{{Ritwik Ghatak}}		{{Ritwik Ghatak}}

	~~[[Category:Bengali-language films]]~~
	[[Category:1961 films]]		[[Category:1961 films]]
	[[Category:Indian films]]		[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
	[[Category:Films directed by Ritwik Ghatak]]		[[Category:Films directed by Ritwik Ghatak]]
	[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]		[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]
	[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]		[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
	[[Category:~~1960s~~ Bengali-language films]]		[[Category:1961 Bengali-language films]]

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	{{Infobox film		{{Infobox film
	\| name = Komal Gandhar <br />(A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)		\| name = Komal Gandhar <br />(A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)
	\| image =Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg		\| image = Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg
	\| image_size = 200px		\| image_size = 200px
			\| alt = Komal Gandhar DVD cover
	\| border =		\| border =
	~~\| alt =Komal Gandhar DVD cover~~		\| caption = A poster for ''Komal Gandhar''.
	\| caption =A poster for ''Komal Gandhar''.
	\| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]		\| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
	~~\| producer = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]~~		\| writer =
	\| writer =		\| screenplay = Ritwik Ghatak
	\| screenplay = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]		\| story =
	\| story =
	\| based_on = <!-- {{based on\|title of the original work\|writer of the original work}} -->		\| based_on = <!-- {{based on\|title of the original work\|writer of the original work}} -->
	\| ~~narrator~~ =		\| producer = Ritwik Ghatak
	\| starring =		\| starring =
	\| music =Jyotirindra Moitra<br />'''Lyrics''': [[Rabindranath Tagore]]		\| narrator =
	~~\| cinematography =Dilip Ranjan Mukhopadhyay~~		\| cinematography = Dilip Ranjan Mukhopadhyay
	~~\| editing =Ramesh Joshi~~		\| editing = Ramesh Joshi
	\| studio =		\| music = Jyotirindra Moitra<br />'''Lyrics''': [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
	\| distributor =		\| studio =
			\| distributor =
	\| released = 31 March 1961		\| released = 31 March 1961
	\| runtime =		\| runtime =
	\| country = [[India]]		\| country = [[India]]
	\| language = [[Bengali language\|Bengali]]		\| language = [[Bengali language\|Bengali]]
	\| budget =		\| budget =
	\| gross = }}		\| gross =
			}}

	'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{lang-bn\|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book\|author=Manju Jain\|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4\|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal\|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book\|author=Robert Burgoyne\|title=The Epic Film\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2\|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web\|title=E-Flat (1961)\|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 May 2013\|department=Movies & TV Dept.\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|publisher=[[Baseline (database)\|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]]\|date=2013\|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|title=Jinxed legacy \|publisher=Hinduonnet.com \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|archive-date=6 June 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|title=Of Time And The River… \|publisher=www.outlookindia.com \|date=2006-07-21 \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|archive-date=14 February 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music\|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)\|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories\|author=Rosalind Galt\|author2=Karl Schoonover \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph\|author= Haimanti Banerjee\|publisher=National Film Archive of India \|year=1985\|isbn=81-201-0001-8 \|pages=62–3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>		'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{lang-bn\|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book\|author=Manju Jain\|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Primus Books\|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4\|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal\|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book\|author=Robert Burgoyne\|title=The Epic Film\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394\|access-date=8 July 2012\|date=1 August 2009\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2\|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web\|title=E-Flat (1961)\|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=14 May 2013\|department=Movies & TV Dept.\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|publisher=[[Baseline (database)\|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]]\|date=2013\|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|title=Jinxed legacy \|publisher=Hinduonnet.com \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm \|archive-date=6 June 2011 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|title=Of Time And The River… \|publisher=www.outlookindia.com \|date=2006-07-21 \|access-date=2010-03-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 \|archive-date=14 February 2010 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music\|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)\|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)\|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories\|author=Rosalind Galt\|author2=Karl Schoonover \|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association\|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph\|author= Haimanti Banerjee\|publisher=National Film Archive of India \|year=1985\|isbn=81-201-0001-8 \|pages=62–3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>

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Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Komal Gandhar <br />(A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale)
| image =Komal Gandhar DVD cover.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| border =
| alt =Komal Gandhar DVD cover
| caption =A poster for ''Komal Gandhar''.
| director = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| producer = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| writer =
| screenplay = [[Ritwik Ghatak]]
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring =
| music =Jyotirindra Moitra<br />'''Lyrics''': [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| cinematography =Dilip Ranjan Mukhopadhyay
| editing =Ramesh Joshi
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = 31 March 1961
| runtime =
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross = }}

'''''Komal Gandhar''''' ({{lang-bn|কোমল গান্ধার}} ''Kōmal Gāndhār''),<ref name="Jain2009">{{cite book|author=Manju Jain|title=Narratives Of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ORE9TDOoU1IC&pg=PA81|access-date=8 July 2012|date=1 August 2009|publisher=Primus Books|isbn=978-81-908918-4-4|pages=81–}}</ref> also known as '''''A Soft Note on a Sharp Scale''''', is a 1961 [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali]] film<ref name="Burgoyne2009">{{cite book|author=Robert Burgoyne|title=The Epic Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z9D1ShFrtkC&pg=PT394|access-date=8 July 2012|date=1 August 2009|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-99017-2|pages=394–}}</ref> written and directed by legendary film maker [[Ritwik Ghatak]].<ref name="E-Flat (1961)">{{cite web|title=E-Flat (1961)|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084830/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/152410/E-Flat/credits|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 May 2013|department=Movies & TV Dept.|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]]|date=2013|access-date=3 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm |title=Jinxed legacy |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606115549/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2420/stories/20071019507309300.htm |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 |title=Of Time And The River… |publisher=www.outlookindia.com |date=2006-07-21 |access-date=2010-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214015451/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231934 |archive-date=14 February 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The title refers to the [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] equivalent of "[[E♭ (musical note)|E-flat]]". It was part of the trilogy composed of ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), Komal Gandhar and ''[[Subarnarekha (film)|Subarnarekha]]'' (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the [[Partition of India]] in 1947 and the refugees coping with it, though this was the most optimistic film of his oeuvre.<ref>{{cite book |title=Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories|author=Rosalind Galt|author2=Karl Schoonover |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-538562-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkmrQYWaYTYC&q=Komal+Gandhar+film&pg=PT431 }}</ref> The film explores three themes juxtaposed in the narrative: the dilemma of Anusuya, the lead character, the divided leadership of [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]], and the fallout from the partition of India.<ref>{{cite book |title=Ritwik Kumar Ghatak: a monograph|author= Haimanti Banerjee|publisher=National Film Archive of India |year=1985|isbn=81-201-0001-8 |pages=62–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUeAQAAMAAJ&q=Komal+Gandhar }}</ref>

==Overview==
The title was taken from the line of a poem<ref group=lower-alpha>Book: Punascha, poem: Komal–Gandhar; {{lang-bn|নাম রেখেছি কোমল গান্ধার, মনে মনে।}}</ref> by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] that meant a ''sur'' or note, [[E♭ (musical note)|E-flat]]. As in other films by Ghatak, music plays a pivotal role in the movie.

Through the microcosmic perspectivising of a group of devoted and uncompromising [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]] workers, Ghatak with his signature style touches on varied issues of [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|partition]], idealism, corruption, the interdependence of art and life, the scope of art, and class-struggle. Unlike his other films, this one runs along an upbeat mood with the lead pair of lovers (Vrigu and Anusua) being reunited.

==Cast==
* Abanish Bannerjee as Bhrigu
* [[Bijon Bhattacharya]] as Gagan
* Satindra Bhattacharya as Shibnath
* [[Debabrata Biswas]]
* [[Chitra Sen]] as Jaya
* [[Anil Chatterjee]] as Rishi
* [[Gyanesh Mukherjee]]
* Satyabrata Chattopadhyay
* [[Supriya Devi]] as Anusuya
* [[Gita Dey]] as Shanta

==Soundtrack==
Music was by Jyotirindra Moitra, from [[Indian People's Theatre Association|IPTA]], and a noted [[Rabindra Sangeet]] exponent who had previously given music in Ghatak's ''[[Meghe Dhaka Tara]]'' (1960), and had song by singers like, [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], [[Debabrata Biswas]], [[Hemanga Biswas]]. [[Bahadur Khan]] played [[sarod]] in the soundtrack. The film is noted for its wedding songs and also [[contrapuntal]] use of sound.<ref>''Indian horizons'', Volume 44. [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations]]., 1995. ''p. 127''.</ref>

== Screening of Komal Gandhar aka E-Flat in different festivals ==
*2017: Ritwik Ghatak Retrospective UK, at Dundee Contemporary Arts, Dundee, Scotland, UK, Programme curated by Sanghita Sen, Department of Film Studies, St Andrews University, UK [http://www.dca.org.uk/whats-on/event/e-flat]

== See also ==
* [[List of works of Ritwik Ghatak]]

==References==

===Citation===
{{reflist|2}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0055055}}
* [http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc47.2005/ghatak/ A Review by Erin O'Donnell]

{{Ritwik Ghatak}}

[[Category:Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:1961 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ritwik Ghatak]]
[[Category:Films set in the partition of India]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:1960s Bengali-language films]]