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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Koderma
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|26|38|N|85|33|4|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Koderma district|Koderma]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Community development block in India|CD block]]
| subdivision_name3 = Koderma
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 160.57
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 398
| population_total = 93,240
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 825410 (Kodarma) 825409 (Jhumri Telaiya) 825137 (Karma)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06543
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#JH.E2.80.94Jharkhand|JH]]-12
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 65.74%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kodarma (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kodarma (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kodarma]]
| website = {{URL|koderma.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Koderma''' (also spelled as Kodarma) is a [[Community development block in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Koderma subdivision]] of the [[Koderma district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], India.

==Overview==
Koderma district occupies the northern end of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The average altitude is 397 m above sea level. The topography is hilly and the area mostly has [[laterite]] soil with patches of clay. [[Monsoon]] dependent agriculture supports majority of the population. Forest area covers 43% of the total area. Koderma Reserve Forest occupies the northern part of the district. Density of population in the district was 282 persons per km2. Koderma district was once famous for its [[mica]] production but low quality of mica ore and high cost of production led to closure of many units.<ref name="admin">{{cite web| url = http://koderma.nic.in/koderma/profile.jsp |title = Koderma District, Jharkhand |publisher= Koderma district administration | access-date = 13 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhand/KODERMA.pdf | title = Ground Water Information Booklet, Koderma District, Jharkhand State | work = Land Use Pattern, Agriculture and Cropping Pattern | publisher = Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India | access-date = 13 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161222141945/http://www.cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhand/KODERMA.pdf | archive-date = 22 December 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Geography==
Karma, a constituent town in Koderma CD block, is located at {{coord|24|26|38|N|85|33|4|E}}.

The [[Barakar River]] flows in the southern part of the district and supports the multi-purpose [[Tilaiya Dam]]. Poanchkhara, Keso, Akto, Gurio, Gukhana Nadi are the main tributaries of the Barakar in the district. The Sakri river is the main river in the northern part of the district. Ghggnna Naddi, Chhotanari Nadi are the tributaries of Sakri river.<ref name="admin"/>

Koderma CD block is bounded by Rajauli CD block, in [[Nawada district]] of Bihar, on the north, [[Domchanch (community development block)|Domchanch]] CD block on the east, [[Jainagar (community development block)|Jainagar]] CD block on the south and [[Chandwara (community development block)|Chandwara]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/kodarma.html |title = Kodarma |work = CD Block/Tehsil Map| publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 9 August 2016}}</ref>

Kodarma CD block has an area of 160.57 km2.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2003_PART_B_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf |title = Koderma District Census Handbook, |work = Census of India 2011 Pages 15, 28 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>[[Koderma#Police station|Koderma]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jhpolice.gov.in/koderma | title = District Police Profile - Koderma | work = Contact Numbers | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 20 December 2020 }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at Koderma town.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Kodarma, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Kodarma on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

[[Gram Panchayats]] in Koderma CD block are: Bekobar (North), Bekobar (South), Charadih, Chhatarbar, Dumardiha, Inderwa, Jarga, Jhumri, Karma, Kauawar Gajhandi, Kharkotta, Kolgarma, Lariyadih, Lokai, Meghatari, Pandedih, Pathaldiha and Purnanagar.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://koderma.nic.in/koderma/koderma.jsp|title = Koderma Block| work= Blocks/Blocks, Panchayats, Villages| publisher= Kodarma district administration | access-date = 29 November 2015}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Koderma CD block had a total population of 93,240, of which 80,303 were rural and 12,937 were urban. There were 47,584 (51%) males and 45,656 (49%) females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 17,645. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 15,428 (16.55%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 454 (0.49%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-JK.html |title = 2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= Jharkhand – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 29 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Bekobar]] is a [[census town]] in Kodarma CD block with a population of 7,184 in 2011 and [[Karma, Koderma|Karma]] is a census town with a population of 5,753 in 2011.<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Koderma CD Block was 49,695 (65.74% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 30,607 (79.38% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,088 (51.54% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 27.84%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{see also|List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate}}
{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Koderma district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Koderma, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, [[Khortha language|Khortha]] was the mother-tongue of 159,086 persons forming 31.86% of the population of Koderma district, followed by [[Magahi language|Magahi]] 144,035 persons (28.84%), [[Hindi]] 138,542 persons (27.74%) and other languages (with no details) 57,740 perons (11.56%). Five important scheduled tribe language groups in Koderma district were [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Birhor language|Birhor]], [[Kurukh language|Oraon]], [[Munda languages|Munda]] and [[Kharwar]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Koderma, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 11: Note on mother tongue of earlier census| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Koderma, 2011 census,'' [[Hindus]] numbered 605,138 and formed 84.49% of the population of Koderma district, followed by [[Muslims]] 107,018 (14.94%), [[Christians]] 1,221 (0.17%), other religions 2,225 (0.31), religion not stated 657 (0.09%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Koderma, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 11: Note on religion data of Koderma district during census 2011| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
40-50% of the population of Koderma district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Godda, Giridih and Hazaribagh districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 8 December 2020}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Koderma CD block'''
|value1 = 11.73
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 11.34
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 3.73
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 73.20
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Koderma CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 7,268 and formed 11.73%, agricultural labourers numbered 7,029 and formed 11.34%, household industry workers numbered 2,312 and formed 3.73% and other workers numbered 45,374 and formed 73.20%. Total workers numbered 61,983 and formed 30.13% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 153,757 and formed 69.87% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 28 and 32 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2004_PART_A_DCHB_GIRIDIH.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Giridih, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 17-18 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 16 November 2017}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 76 inhabited villages in Koderma CD block. In 2011, 67 villages had power supply. 13 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 76 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 73 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 8 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 6 villages had telephones (land lines), 35 villages had mobile phone coverage. 76 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 16 villages had bus service (public/ private), 17 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 18 villages had taxi/vans, 39 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches. 32 villages had [[public distribution system]], 5 villages had weekly haat (market) and 41 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Kodarma, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 310-311, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Large portions of Koderma district are covered with hills and forests, and only 28% of the total area of the district is cultivable land. The soil is acidic and soil erosion is a major problem in the district. Cultivation is the major occupation of the people in the district.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Kodarma, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 9-11 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

===Mica mining===
The [[mica]] belt in the northern part of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]] is about 160 km long with an average width of about 25 km. It covers {{convert|4000|km2}} in Koderma and Giridih districts of Jharkhand and adjacent areas in Bihar. Mica deposits were discovered in the area in the 1890s, and mica mining developed in a big way. It was exported in large quantities primarily to the Soviet Union. In the 1990s, when the Soviet Union was divided, the countries in the area stopped buying mica from India. It was a major set back for the mica industry. Moreover, the entire mica belt is located in the reserved forests. The forest conservation act was implemented in 1980. When the business was booming almost every household in the mica belt was involved in mica mining. Alternative employment opportunities are rare and so even after formal closing down of the mica mines, almost the entire community in the mica mining belt is involved in [[illegal mining]] activities. Mica continues to be in demand locally. It is mainly used in the pigmentation industry for automotive paints and cosmetics. Some other industries also use it. The entire family, including children, are involved in the illegal activity.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cini-india.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Jharkhand-Report.pdf | title= Child Labour in Mica Mines of Jharkhand: A Situation-Analysis Report |publisher=Cini India | access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Koderma district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
Koderma CD block had 19 villages with pre-primary schools, 62 villages with primary schools, 34 villages with middle schools, 10 villages with secondary schools, 13 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2003_PART_A_DCHB_KODARMA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Kodarma, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 309-310 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 20 December 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Koderma CD block had 12 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 5 villages with dispensaries, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 27 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Koderma district]]

Koderma (community development block) - Revision history

>Sadads: link illegal mining using Find link