CleanupBot: /* Overview */clean up

2022-12-11T03:50:09Z

Overview: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:20, 11 December 2022
Line 24:		Line 24:
	==Overview==		==Overview==

	Grierson, in his [[Linguistic Survey of India]], classified Kishtwari as a highly divergent variety of Kashmiri that had been profoundly influenced by neighbouring [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] and [[Pahari languages\| Pahari]] languages.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Grierson \|first=George Abraham Grierson \|author-link=George Abraham Grierson \|pages=~~344-383~~ \| volume=8 \| title=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> Grierson noted that Kishtwari is more conservative in certain aspects than other Kashmiri dialects, as evidenced by the retention of subject pronoun ~~<i>~~thu~~</i>~~, in addition to the [[present participle]] ~~<i>~~an~~</i>~~, features that have disappeared in Standard Kashmiri. A wordlist and preliminary grammatical sketch of Kishtwari were compiled in ''The Languages of the Northern Himalayas''.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Bailey \|first=Thomas Grahame \|author-link=Thomas Grahame Bailey \|pages=~~61-70~~ \|title=Languages of the Northern Himalayas}}</ref>		Grierson, in his [[Linguistic Survey of India]], classified Kishtwari as a highly divergent variety of Kashmiri that had been profoundly influenced by neighbouring [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] and [[Pahari languages\|Pahari]] languages.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Grierson \|first=George Abraham Grierson \|author-link=George Abraham Grierson \|pages=344–383 \| volume=8 \| title=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> Grierson noted that Kishtwari is more conservative in certain aspects than other Kashmiri dialects, as evidenced by the retention of subject pronoun ''thu'', in addition to the [[present participle]] ''an'', features that have disappeared in Standard Kashmiri. A wordlist and preliminary grammatical sketch of Kishtwari were compiled in ''The Languages of the Northern Himalayas''.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Bailey \|first=Thomas Grahame \|author-link=Thomas Grahame Bailey \|pages=61–70 \|title=Languages of the Northern Himalayas}}</ref>

	The 1911 Census of India recorded 7,464 speakers of Kishtwari.		The 1911 Census of India recorded 7,464 speakers of Kishtwari.

->ThatDohDude at 20:31, 25 September 2021

2021-09-25T20:31:46Z

New page

{{Short description|A dialect of Kashmiri language spoken in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Kishtwari
| altname = Kashtwari
| familycolor = Indo-European
| nativename = ''{{nq|کِشْتَواڑِی}}'', ''𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯'' ''Kištawāṛī''
| states = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| speakers = 39,748<ref>{{cite web |last1=CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 |title=LANGUAGE |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |publisher=Government of India |page=7}}</ref><ref name="2011census">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX|work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General }}</ref>
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Dardic languages|Dardic]]
| fam5 = [[Kashmiri languages|Kashmiri]]
| date = 2011 census
| ethnicity = Kishtwari
| image = text(1).png
| iso3 =
| isoexception = dialect
| glotto = kish1245
| glottorefname = Kishtwari
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
'''Kishtwari''' or '''Kashtwari''' ({{nq|کِشْتَواڑِی}}, 𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯) is a highly distinctive and conservative dialect of the [[Kashmiri language]] spoken in [[Kishtwar Valley]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. Kishtwari has been classified as a dialect of Kashmiri by scholars such as [[George Abraham Grierson]]. It is one of the two main allegedly Kashmiri dialects (the other being [[Poguli]], perhaps a Western Pahari language) that are spoken outside of the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Sheikh| first1 = Aejaz Mohammed| last2 = Kuchey| first2 = Sameer Ahmad| date = 2014| title =Kishtwari | journal = Indian linguistics| volume = 75| issue = 3–4| pages = 55–66| issn = 0378-0759}}</ref>

==Overview==

Grierson, in his [[Linguistic Survey of India]], classified Kishtwari as a highly divergent variety of Kashmiri that had been profoundly influenced by neighbouring [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Pahari languages| Pahari]] languages.<ref>{{cite book |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham Grierson |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |pages=344-383 | volume=8 | title=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> Grierson noted that Kishtwari is more conservative in certain aspects than other Kashmiri dialects, as evidenced by the retention of subject pronoun thu, in addition to the [[present participle]] an, features that have disappeared in Standard Kashmiri. A wordlist and preliminary grammatical sketch of Kishtwari were compiled in ''The Languages of the Northern Himalayas''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Thomas Grahame |author-link=Thomas Grahame Bailey |pages=61-70 |title=Languages of the Northern Himalayas}}</ref>

The 1911 Census of India recorded 7,464 speakers of Kishtwari.

== Script ==
[[File:Kashtwari.png|thumb|Specimen in Kashtwari language from Grierson's [[Linguistic Survey of India|LSI]] Vol. VIII, Pt. II, page 386|alt=|center]]
Grierson remarks that an idiosyncratic variant of [[Takri script|Takri]] is used to write the Kishtwari language; as well as observing that there does not appear to be standard spelling nor a consistent orthography.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indo-Aryan languages}}

[[Category:Kashmiri language]]
[[Category:Kishtwar district]]

Kishtwari - Revision history

CleanupBot: /* Overview */clean up

->ThatDohDude at 20:31, 25 September 2021