Kishorlal Mashruwala - Revision history

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	== Works ==		== Works ==
	=== Biographies ===		=== Biographies ===
	Mashruwala has highlighted the human elements in his biographies which ~~includes~~ ''Ram Ane Krishna'' ([[Rama]] and [[Krishna]], 1923), ''Ishu Khrist'' ([[Jesus Christ]], 1925), ''Buddha Ane Mahavir'' ([[Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]], 1926) and ''Sahajanand Swami'' ([[Sahajanand Swami]], 1926).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Kishorelal-Mashruwala.html\|title=Kishorlal Mashruwala\|last=Acharya\|first=Kantilal\|website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]\|language=gu\|script-title=gu:કિશોરલાલ મશરૂવાળા\|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> These are written in a simple and impacting language.<ref name=":0">{{cite book\|last=Broker\|first=Gulabdas\|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Language%20and%20Literature/chapter_4.pdf\|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers: Language and Literature\|publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State\|year=1971\|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers\|location=Mumbai\|pages=365–366\|chapter=Chapter 4: Gujarati\|author-link=Gulabdas Broker}}</ref>		Mashruwala has highlighted the human elements in his biographies which include ''Ram Ane Krishna'' ([[Rama]] and [[Krishna]], 1923), ''Ishu Khrist'' ([[Jesus Christ]], 1925), ''Buddha Ane Mahavir'' ([[Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]], 1926) and ''Sahajanand Swami'' ([[Sahajanand Swami]], 1926).<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Kishorelal-Mashruwala.html\|title=Kishorlal Mashruwala\|last=Acharya\|first=Kantilal\|website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]\|language=gu\|script-title=gu:કિશોરલાલ મશરૂવાળા\|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> These are written in a simple and impacting language.<ref name=":0">{{cite book\|last=Broker\|first=Gulabdas\|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Language%20and%20Literature/chapter_4.pdf\|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers: Language and Literature\|publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State\|year=1971\|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers\|location=Mumbai\|pages=365–366\|chapter=Chapter 4: Gujarati\|author-link=Gulabdas Broker}}</ref>

	=== Essays ===		=== Essays ===
	Mashruwala had written some works on education such as ''Kelavanina Paya'' (1925), ''Kelavani Vivek'' (1949), ''Kelavani Vikas'' (1950). He had suggested several changes and ideas in education. His works reflect Mahatma Gandhi's basic education scheme ''[[Nai Talim]]''.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" />		Mashruwala had written some works on education such as ''Kelavanina Paya'' (1925), ''Kelavani Vivek'' (1949), ''Kelavani Vikas'' (1950). He had suggested several changes and ideas in education. His works reflect Mahatma Gandhi's basic education scheme ''[[Nai Talim]]''.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" />

	His biggest contribution in literature belongs to his essays on religion and philosophy. ''Jivan Shodhan'' (1929) has six sections focusing on changing perspective of life. ''Gandhivichardohan'' (1932) is his work on [[Gandhism\|Gandhian philosophy]]. ''Geetamanthan'' (1933) is a commentary on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''. ''Streepurush Maryada'' (1937) collects his essays written over span of a decade and has influences of [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]. ''Kagadani Najare'' (1947) is his satirical essays on followers of Gandhi. His ''Samuli Kranti'' (1948) includes his original thoughts and commentaries on religion, society, economics, politics and education. His two volumes of ''Sansar Ane Dharma'' (1948) ~~includes~~ his critical views on religion.<ref name="AGSI2" /> ''Gandhi Ane Samyavad'' (Gandhi and Communism/Gandhi and Marx, 1951) is a collection of series of essays published in ''Harijan'' which compares [[Gandhism]] and [[Communism]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Datta\|first=Amaresh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1351&dq=kishorlal+mashruwala#q=kishorlal%20mashruwala\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|year=1988\|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0\|pages=1351}}</ref> His ''Ahimsavivechan'' (1942) includes his articles on non-violence which has some differences of ideas from Gandhi.<ref name="AGSI2" />		His biggest contribution in literature belongs to his essays on religion and philosophy. ''Jivan Shodhan'' (1929) has six sections focusing on changing perspective of life. ''Gandhivichardohan'' (1932) is his work on [[Gandhism\|Gandhian philosophy]]. ''Geetamanthan'' (1933) is a commentary on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''. ''Streepurush Maryada'' (1937) collects his essays written over span of a decade and has influences of [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]. ''Kagadani Najare'' (1947) is his satirical essays on followers of Gandhi. His ''Samuli Kranti'' (1948) includes his original thoughts and commentaries on religion, society, economics, politics and education. His two volumes of ''Sansar Ane Dharma'' (1948) include his critical views on religion.<ref name="AGSI2" /> ''Gandhi Ane Samyavad'' (Gandhi and Communism/Gandhi and Marx, 1951) is a collection of series of essays published in ''Harijan'' which compares [[Gandhism]] and [[Communism]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Datta\|first=Amaresh\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1351&dq=kishorlal+mashruwala#q=kishorlal%20mashruwala\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|year=1988\|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0\|pages=1351}}</ref> His ''Ahimsavivechan'' (1942) includes his articles on non-violence which has some differences of ideas from Gandhi.<ref name="AGSI2" />

	=== Translations ===		=== Translations ===

imported>Kashmorwiki: Sd

2021-03-03T17:16:35Z

New page

{{short description|Indian independence activist}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Kishorlal Mashruwala
| image =
| image_size =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1890|10|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1952|09|09|1890|10|05|df=y}}
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| occupation = Political activist, writer
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| education = BA, LLB
| alma_mater = [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]], Bombay
| period =
| genre = 
| subject = 
| movement =
| notable_works =
| spouse = {{marriage|Gomatiben|1907}}
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =Kishorlal Mashruwala - Signature.svg
| signature_alt =
| years_active =
| module =
| website = 
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}}
'''Kishorlal Ghanshyamlal Mashruwala''' (5 October 1890 – 9 September 1952) was an Indian independence activist as well as biographer, essayist and translator. Educated in Bombay and Agra, he completed BA and LLB. He was an associate of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and was deeply influenced by him. He extensively wrote on education, religion and philosophy as well as translated some works in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]].

==Biography==

=== Early life ===
Mashruwala was born on 5 October 1890 in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) in Mashruwala family. His family belonged to [[Surat]]. He was influenced by [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]] due to his father. He started his primary education in [[Marathi language]] in [[Akola]]. His mother died when he was eight so he was raised by her aunt in Bombay where he studied in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. Following [[Bombay plague epidemic|plague in Bombay]], he moved to [[Agra]] for school education where he also studied [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name="AGSI2">{{cite book|last=Brahmabhatt|first=Prasad|title=અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ (ગાંધીયુગ અને અનુગાંધી યુગ)|publisher=Parshwa Publication|year=2007|location=Ahmedabad|pages=52–57, 63|language=gu|script-title=gu:Arvachin Gujarati Sahityano Itihas (Gandhiyug Ane Anugandhi Yug)|trans-title=History of Modern Gujarati Literature (Gandhi Era & Post-Gandhi Era)}}</ref>

He received [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] with elective subjects of [[Material Science]] and [[Chemistry]] in 1909 from [[Wilson College, Mumbai|Wilson College]], Bombay. He completed [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] in 1913 and practised law for three years. He married Gomatiben in 1907.<ref name="AGSI2" />

=== Career ===
Mashruwala had briefly served as a secretary of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Chokshi|first1=U. M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKLiAAAAMAAJ&q=kishorelal+mashruwala&dq=kishorelal+mashruwala|title=Gujarat State Gazetteer|last2=Trivedi|first2=M. R.|publisher=Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|year=1991|volume=II|pages=399}}</ref> He taught at the National School in his [[Sabarmati Ashram]] from 1917 to 1919. He served as the first Registrar of [[Gujarat Vidyapith]] which was founded by him. During this period, he was introduced to Kedarnathji by [[Kaka Kalelkar]]. He was influenced by [[Sahajanand Swami]], Mahatma Gandhi and Kedarnathji. He participated in the [[Indian independence movement]] in 1930-32 and was imprisoned for two years by the [[British Raj|British authorities]]. He served as the president of Gandhi Sewa Sangh from 1934 to 1938. Following arrest of Gandhi during the 1942 [[Quit India Movement]], he managed Gandhi's periodical ''Harijan''. He was again imprisoned for sometime. Following 1946, he edited ''Harijan'' till his death.<ref name="AGSI2" />

He died on 9 September 1952 following [[asthma|asthmatic attack]]. He was cremated the next day at Gopuri in [[Wardha]] next to [[Jamnalal Bajaj]]'s memorial.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zyMlAQAAIAAJ&q=kishorelal+mashruwala&dq=kishorelal+mashruwala|title=The Modern Review|publisher=Prabasi Press Private, Limited|year=1952|volume=91-92|pages=272}}</ref>

== Works ==
=== Biographies ===
Mashruwala has highlighted the human elements in his biographies which includes ''Ram Ane Krishna'' ([[Rama]] and [[Krishna]], 1923), ''Ishu Khrist'' ([[Jesus Christ]], 1925), ''Buddha Ane Mahavir'' ([[Buddha]] and [[Mahavira]], 1926) and ''Sahajanand Swami'' ([[Sahajanand Swami]], 1926).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Kishorelal-Mashruwala.html|title=Kishorlal Mashruwala|last=Acharya|first=Kantilal|website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|language=gu|script-title=gu:કિશોરલાલ મશરૂવાળા|access-date=2020-03-30}}</ref> These are written in a simple and impacting language.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Broker|first=Gulabdas|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Language%20and%20Literature/chapter_4.pdf|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers: Language and Literature|publisher=Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State|year=1971|series=Maharashtra State Gazetteers|location=Mumbai|pages=365–366|chapter=Chapter 4: Gujarati|author-link=Gulabdas Broker}}</ref>

=== Essays ===
Mashruwala had written some works on education such as ''Kelavanina Paya'' (1925), ''Kelavani Vivek'' (1949), ''Kelavani Vikas'' (1950). He had suggested several changes and ideas in education. His works reflect Mahatma Gandhi's basic education scheme ''[[Nai Talim]]''.<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" />

His biggest contribution in literature belongs to his essays on religion and philosophy. ''Jivan Shodhan'' (1929) has six sections focusing on changing perspective of life. ''Gandhivichardohan'' (1932) is his work on [[Gandhism|Gandhian philosophy]]. ''Geetamanthan'' (1933) is a commentary on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''. ''Streepurush Maryada'' (1937) collects his essays written over span of a decade and has influences of [[Swaminarayan Sampraday]]. ''Kagadani Najare'' (1947) is his satirical essays on followers of Gandhi. His ''Samuli Kranti'' (1948) includes his original thoughts and commentaries on religion, society, economics, politics and education. His two volumes of ''Sansar Ane Dharma'' (1948) includes his critical views on religion.<ref name="AGSI2" /> ''Gandhi Ane Samyavad'' (Gandhi and Communism/Gandhi and Marx, 1951) is a collection of series of essays published in ''Harijan'' which compares [[Gandhism]] and [[Communism]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1351&dq=kishorlal+mashruwala#q=kishorlal%20mashruwala|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1988|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|pages=1351}}</ref> His ''Ahimsavivechan'' (1942) includes his articles on non-violence which has some differences of ideas from Gandhi.<ref name="AGSI2" />

=== Translations ===
Mashruwala has translated several works in Gujarati including [[Kahlil Gibran]]'s ''[[The Prophet (book)|The Prophet]]'' as ''Vidayni Velae'' (1935), [[John Morley]]'s ''On Compromise'' as ''Satyamay Jivan'' (1933), [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s ''[[The Light Shines in the Darkness]]'' as ''Timirma Prabha'' (1936), [[Maurice Maeterlinck]]'s ''The Life of the White Ant'' as ''Udhainu Jivan'' (1940). He has also poetically translated [[Bhagavad Gita]] in Gujarati as ''Gitadhwani'' (1933). During his imprisonment in 1942, he co-translated [[Perry Burgess]]' ''Who Walk Alone'' as ''Manavi Khandiyero'' (1946) with [[Kaka Kalelkar]].<ref name="AGSI2" /><ref name=":0" />

His associate [[Narhari Parikh]] has written his biography ''Shreyarthini Sadhana'' (1953).<ref name="AGSI2" />

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Mahatma Gandhi|status=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mashruwala, Kishorlal}}
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:1890 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Indian biographers]]
[[Category:Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Translators from English]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Deaths from asthma]]
[[Category:20th-century translators]]