Kishen Singh (explorer) - Revision history

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	[[Rao Bahadur\|Rai Bahadur]] '''Kishen Singh''' or '''Krishna''' (1850–1921) was a native Indian explorer, termed a ''[[pundit (explorer)\|pundit]]'' by the British, who was employed by the [[Survey of India]].<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>		[[Rao Bahadur\|Rai Bahadur]] '''Kishen Singh''' or '''Krishna''' (1850–1921) was a native Indian explorer, termed a ''[[pundit (explorer)\|pundit]]'' by the British, who was employed by the [[Survey of India]].<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>

	His code-name was 'A.K.' and his accomplishments would rival those of his famous cousin [[Nain Singh]] (code-named 'The Pundit').<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dean\|first=Riaz\|title=Mapping The Great Game: Explorers, Spies & Maps in Nineteenth-century Asia.\|publisher=Casemate (UK)\|year=2019\|isbn=978-1-61200-814-1\|location=Oxford\|pages=165, ~~200-9~~}}</ref>{{Infobox person		His code-name was 'A.K.' and his accomplishments would rival those of his famous cousin [[Nain Singh]] (code-named 'The Pundit').<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Dean\|first=Riaz\|title=Mapping The Great Game: Explorers, Spies & Maps in Nineteenth-century Asia.\|publisher=Casemate (UK)\|year=2019\|isbn=978-1-61200-814-1\|location=Oxford\|pages=165, 200–9}}</ref>{{Infobox person
	\| name =		\| name =
	\| image =		\| image =
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	==Early life==		==Early life==
	He was born to a trader named Deb Singh. He was born at [[Milam, India\|Milam]] village on [[Line of Actual Control\|India-China border]] now in present day [[Pithoragarh district]]. His elder brother was [[Mani Singh Rawat\|Mani Singh]]. His cousin [[Nain Singh Rawat\|Nain Singh]] was also an explorer.<ref name="study12">Kenneth Mason, 1923, "Kishen Singh and the Indian Explorers", The Geographical Journal, Vol. LXII-July to December.</ref><ref name=study6>Babu Ram Singh Pangtey, 1980, "Johar Ka Itihaas (History of Johar)".</ref><ref name=study4>Peter Hopkirk, 1982, "Trespassers on the Roof of the World: The Race for Lhasa", [[Oxford University]] Press.</ref>		He was born to a trader named Deb Singh. He was born at [[Milam, India\|Milam]] village on [[Line of Actual Control\|India-China border]] now in present-day [[Pithoragarh district]]. His elder brother was [[Mani Singh Rawat\|Mani Singh]]. His cousin [[Nain Singh Rawat\|Nain Singh]] was also an explorer.<ref name="study12">Kenneth Mason, 1923, "Kishen Singh and the Indian Explorers", The Geographical Journal, Vol. LXII-July to December.</ref><ref name=study6>Babu Ram Singh Pangtey, 1980, "Johar Ka Itihaas (History of Johar)".</ref><ref name=study4>Peter Hopkirk, 1982, "Trespassers on the Roof of the World: The Race for Lhasa", [[Oxford University]] Press.</ref>

	==Education (1862–1867)==		==Education (1862–1867)==
	Singh simultaneous studied and worked as assistant at the Garbyang government school in the [[Dharchula]] area, and later progressed to obtain the ''Tehsil Mudarisi'' diploma from the Normal School at [[Almora]]. He taught at Milam ~~Girl~~'s School and the Garbyang government school.<ref name=study12/><ref name=study6/><ref name=study4/>		Singh simultaneous studied and worked as assistant at the Garbyang government school in the [[Dharchula]] area, and later progressed to obtain the ''Tehsil Mudarisi'' diploma from the Normal School at [[Almora]]. He taught at Milam Girls' School and the Garbyang government school.<ref name=study12/><ref name=study6/><ref name=study4/>

	==Explorer (1867–1885)==		==Explorer (1867–1885)==
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	# 1869 [[Mount Kailash\|Kailash]]-[[Mansarovar]] expedition.		# 1869 [[Mount Kailash\|Kailash]]-[[Mansarovar]] expedition.
	# 1871–1872 [[Shigatse\|Shigache]]– [[Lhasa]] expedition.		# 1871–1872 [[Shigatse\|Shigache]]–[[Lhasa]] expedition.
	# 1873–1874 [[Yarkant County\|Yarkand]]–[[Kashgar]] expedition, second expedition of this area by Sir [[Thomas Douglas Forsyth]].		# 1873–1874 [[Yarkant County\|Yarkand]]–[[Kashgar]] expedition, second expedition of this area by Sir [[Thomas Douglas Forsyth]].
	# 1878–1882 [[Darjeeling]]–[[Lhasa]]–[[Mongolia]] expedition, stayed in ~~Lahsa~~ for a year masquerading as a merchant, surveyed [[Mekong]], [[Salween]], and [[Irrawaddy river]]s.		# 1878–1882 [[Darjeeling]]–[[Lhasa]]–[[Mongolia]] expedition, stayed in Lhasa for a year masquerading as a merchant, surveyed [[Mekong]], [[Salween]], and [[Irrawaddy river]]s.

	He was also the first person to map the [[Ramgarh crater]] on a finer scale of (1 : 63,360).<ref name=study11>Balasundaram, M., Dube, A. Ramgarh, 1973, "Structure, India", [[Nature (journal)]], 242, 40 [[Digital object identifier\|doi]]:10.1038/242040a0.</ref>		He was also the first person to map the [[Ramgarh crater]] on a finer scale of (1 : 63,360).<ref name=study11>Balasundaram, M., Dube, A. Ramgarh, 1973, "Structure, India", [[Nature (journal)]], 242, 40 [[Digital object identifier\|doi]]:10.1038/242040a0.</ref>
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	He received the following:<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>		He received the following:<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>

	# [[Royal Geographic Society]], ~~honored him with~~ an inscribed gold watch and 500 Indian rupees.		# [[Royal Geographic Society]], an inscribed gold watch and 500 Indian rupees.
	# [[Paris Geographical Society]], a gold medal.		# [[Paris Geographical Society]], a gold medal.
	# [[Società Geografica Italiana\|Italian Geographic Society]], a gold medal.		# [[Società Geografica Italiana\|Italian Geographic Society]], a gold medal.
	# [[British raj\|British government of India]], title of [[Rao Bahadur\|Rai Bahadur]].		# [[British raj\|British government of India]], title of [[Rao Bahadur\|Rai Bahadur]].
	# British government of India: with a grant of [[jagir]] by British in [[Sitapur district]] of present day [[Uttar Pradesh]] with annual revenue of INR1850.		# British government of India: with a grant of [[jagir]] by British in [[Sitapur district]] of present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]] with annual revenue of INR1850.

	==See also==		==See also==
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	[[Category:Indian explorers]]		[[Category:Indian explorers]]
	[[Category:19th-century cartographers]]		[[Category:19th-century cartographers]]
			[[Category:1850 births]]
			[[Category:1921 deaths]]

imported>Riaz Dean: Correcting link

2021-08-28T00:22:13Z

Correcting link

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
[[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]] '''Kishen Singh''' or '''Krishna''' (1850–1921) was a native Indian explorer, termed a ''[[pundit (explorer)|pundit]]'' by the British, who was employed by the [[Survey of India]].<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>

His code-name was 'A.K.' and his accomplishments would rival those of his famous cousin [[Nain Singh]] (code-named 'The Pundit').<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dean|first=Riaz|title=Mapping The Great Game: Explorers, Spies & Maps in Nineteenth-century Asia.|publisher=Casemate (UK)|year=2019|isbn=978-1-61200-814-1|location=Oxford|pages=165, 200-9}}</ref>{{Infobox person
| name =
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date ={{birth_year|1850}}
| birth_place = [[Milam, India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1921|1850|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Moradabad]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = [[List of explorers|Asian explorer]]
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| signature =
}}

==Early life==
He was born to a trader named Deb Singh. He was born at [[Milam, India|Milam]] village on [[Line of Actual Control|India-China border]] now in present day [[Pithoragarh district]]. His elder brother was [[Mani Singh Rawat|Mani Singh]]. His cousin [[Nain Singh Rawat|Nain Singh]] was also an explorer.<ref name="study12">Kenneth Mason, 1923, "Kishen Singh and the Indian Explorers", The Geographical Journal, Vol. LXII-July to December.</ref><ref name=study6>Babu Ram Singh Pangtey, 1980, "Johar Ka Itihaas (History of Johar)".</ref><ref name=study4>Peter Hopkirk, 1982, "Trespassers on the Roof of the World: The Race for Lhasa", [[Oxford University]] Press.</ref>

==Education (1862–1867)==
Singh simultaneous studied and worked as assistant at the Garbyang government school in the [[Dharchula]] area, and later progressed to obtain the ''Tehsil Mudarisi'' diploma from the Normal School at [[Almora]]. He taught at Milam Girl's School and the Garbyang government school.<ref name=study12/><ref name=study6/><ref name=study4/>

==Explorer (1867–1885)==
Hired and trained by the [[Geological Survey of India]]'s [[Dehradun]] office, Singh then participated in the [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]], and later became a trainer for the survey. [[James Walker (Surveyor General)|James Walker]], the superintendent of the survey, took him and his cousin Nain Singh on expeditions of Tibet and Central Asia. He was part of the several important expeditions listed below.<ref name=study2>Clements R. Markham, 1878, "A Memoir on The Indian Surveys", 2nd Ed., W H Allen & Co., London, p.189.</ref><ref name=study3>Charles E. D. Black, 1891, "A Memoir on The Indian Surveys (1875–90)" , London , p.168.</ref><ref name=study9>Derek J. Waller, 2004, "The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia," University Press of Kentucky.</ref><ref name=study1>Account of the Pundit's Journey in Great Tibet - Capt. H. Trotter, The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society (1877).</ref>

# 1869 [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]]-[[Mansarovar]] expedition.
# 1871–1872 [[Shigatse|Shigache]]– [[Lhasa]] expedition.
# 1873–1874 [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]]–[[Kashgar]] expedition, second expedition of this area by Sir [[Thomas Douglas Forsyth]].
# 1878–1882 [[Darjeeling]]–[[Lhasa]]–[[Mongolia]] expedition, stayed in Lahsa for a year masquerading as a merchant, surveyed [[Mekong]], [[Salween]], and [[Irrawaddy river]]s.

He was also the first person to map the [[Ramgarh crater]] on a finer scale of (1 : 63,360).<ref name=study11>Balasundaram, M., Dube, A. Ramgarh, 1973, "Structure, India", [[Nature (journal)]], 242, 40 [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:10.1038/242040a0.</ref>

==Retirement and death (1885–1921)==
Singh retired in 1885. In 1913 he became a guardian patron of the "Johar Upkarini Mahasabha" grassroot development co-operative society of the [[Johar Valley]]. He died in February 1921.<ref name=study8>Dr. Sher Singh Pangtey, 1992, "Madhya Himalaya Ki Bhotia Janjaati (Bhotia Tribe of the Central Himalayas)".</ref><ref name=study5>Indra Singh Rawat, 1973, "Indian Explorers of the 19th Century".</ref>

==Honors==
He received the following:<ref name=study9/><ref name=study8/><ref name=study5/>

# [[Royal Geographic Society]], honored him with an inscribed gold watch and 500 Indian rupees.
# [[Paris Geographical Society]], a gold medal.
# [[Società Geografica Italiana|Italian Geographic Society]], a gold medal.
# [[British raj|British government of India]], title of [[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]].
# British government of India: with a grant of [[jagir]] by British in [[Sitapur district]] of present day [[Uttar Pradesh]] with annual revenue of INR1850.

==See also==
* [[Garhwali people]]
* [[Kumauni people]]
* [[Shauka - Johar]]
* [[List of explorers]]
* [[Cartography of India]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===External links===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081009054719/http://www.win.tue.nl/cs/fm/engels/discovery/pundit.html Discoverers Web] description of this explorer's activities.

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rawat, Krishna}}
[[Category:Explorers of India]]
[[Category:Explorers of Asia]]
[[Category:Scientists from Dehradun]]
[[Category:Indian explorers]]
[[Category:19th-century cartographers]]