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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Khusrau Mirza
| title = [[Shah]]zada of the [[Mughal Empire]] [[Mirza]]<ref>[http://dawn.com/2011/01/02/past-present-emperors-new-names/ Mughla title ''Mirza''], the title of Mirza and not Khan or Padshah, which were the titles of the Mongol rulers.</ref>
| image = Emperor Jahangir receiving his two sons, an album-painting in gouache on paper, c 1605-06.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Emperor [[Jahangir]] receiving his two sons, Khusrau and Parviz, an album-painting in gouache on paper, c. 1605-06
| birth_date = 16 August 1587
| birth_place = [[Lahore]], [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1622|1|26|1587|8|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Deccan]]
| burial_place = Tomb of Khusrau Mirza, [[Khusro Bagh]], [[Allahabad]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| spouse-type =Wives
| spouse = Daughter of [[Mirza Aziz Koka]] Daughter of Jani Beg [[Tarkhan Dynasty|Tarkhan]] of [[Thatta]] Daughter of Muqim, son of Mihtar Fazil Rikabdar
| father = [[Jahangir]]
| mother = [[Shah Begum (wife of Jahangir)|Shah Begum]]
| issue = [[Dawar Bakhsh]] Buland Akhtar Mirza Gurshasp Mirza [[Hoshmand Banu Begum]]
| house = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]]
}}

'''Khusrau Mirza''' ([[Urdu]]:{{Nastaliq|خسرو مِرزا}}) (16 August 1587 – 26 January 1622) was the eldest son of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Jahangir]].<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00702051%26ct%3D224 The Grandees of the Empire] [[Ain-i-Akbari]], by [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]], Volume I, Chpt. 30.</ref>

==Early life==
Khusrau was born in [[Lahore]] on August 16, 1587 as the eldest son and second child of Jahangir.<ref>[[H. Beveridge|Beveridge, H.]] (tr.) (1939, reprint 2000) ''The Akbar Nama of Abu'l-Fazl'', Vol.III, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, {{ISBN|81-7236-094-0}}, p.799</ref> His mother, [[Manbhawati Bai]] (who was given the title Shah Begam after his birth), was the daughter of [[Raja Bhagwant Das]] of Amber ([[Jaipur]]), head of the [[Kachhwaha]] clan of Rajputs. She committed suicide on May 16, 1605, by consuming opium.<ref>Beveridge, H. (tr.) (1939, reprint 2000) ''The Akbar Nama of Abu'l-Fazl'', Vol.III, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, {{ISBN|81-7236-094-0}}, p.1239</ref>

==Family==
Khusrau's first wife and chief consort was the daughter of extremely powerful [[Mirza Aziz Koka]], known as Khan Azam, son of Jiji Anga, Emperor Akbar's foster mother. When Khusrau's marriage was arranged with her, an order was given that S'aid Khan Abdullah Khan and Mir Sadr Jahan should convey 100,000 rupees<ref>{{cite book|first1=Ellen S.|last1=Smart|first2=Daniel S.|last2=Walker|title=Pride of the princes: Indian art of the Mughal era in the Cincinnati Art Museum|publisher=Cincinnati Art Museum|year=1985|pages=27}}</ref> as sachaq to the Mirza's house by the way of Sihr baha.<ref>{{cite book|first=Harbans|last=Mukhia|title=The Mughals of India|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=April 15, 2008|pages=151|isbn=978-0-470-75815-1}}</ref> She was his favourite wife, and was the mother of his eldest son, [[Dawar Bakhsh]],<ref>{{cite book|first1=Mohammad|last1=Shujauddin|first2=Razia|last2=Shujauddin|title=The Life and Times of Noor Jahan|publisher=Caravan Book House|year=1967|pages=70}}</ref> and his second son, Prince Buland Akhtar Mirza, born on 11 March 1609, who died in infancy.{{sfn|Jahangir|Rogers|Beveridge|1909|p=153}}

Another of Khusrau's wives was the daughter of Jani Beg Tarkhan of Thatta.<ref>{{cite book|first=Irfan|last=Habib|title=Akbar and His India|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1997|pages=50}}</ref> She was the sister of Mirza Ghazi Beg. The marriage was arranged by Khusrau's grandfather, Emperor [[Akbar]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/30 30], 136}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Mahmudul|last=Hasan Siddiqi|title=History of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sindh, 1507–1593: An Annotated Translation of the Relevant Parts of Mir Ma'sums Ta'rikh-i-Sindh, with an Introduction & Appendices |publisher=Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind|year=1972|pages=205}}</ref> Another of his wives was the daughter of Muqim, son of Mihtar Fazil Rikabdar (stirrup holder). She was the mother of Prince Gurshasp Mirza, born on 8 April 1616.{{sfn|Jahangir|Rogers|Beveridge|1909|p=321}}<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/192 192]}}</ref> Khusrau had a daughter, [[Hoshmand Banu Begum]], born in about 1605, and married to Prince Hoshang Mirza, son of Prince [[Daniyal Mirza]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Emperor |last1=Jahangir|first2=Wheeler McIntosh|last2=Thackston|title=The Jahangirnama : memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India|url=https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha |publisher=Washington, D. C.: Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; New York: Oxford University Press|year=1999|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha/page/97 97], 436}}</ref>

==Rebellion and aftermath==
In 1605, Emperor [[Akbar]] died. Akbar had been deeply disappointed with Khusrau's father, [[Jahangir]]. Perhaps due to this background, Khusrau rebelled against his father in 1606 to secure the throne for himself.
[[File:"Jahangir Receives a Prisoner", from the Jahangir-nama.jpg|thumb|left|300x300px|Khusrau is captured and presented to [[Jahangir]].]]
[[File:A savage lesson for Khusru by compelling him to ride on an elephant between ling line of his companions impaled on stakes.jpg|thumb|left|300x300px|Khusrau compelled to watch his supporters impaled]]
Khusrau left [[Agra]] on April 6, 1606<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.)(2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.179</ref> with 350 horsemen on the pretext of visiting the [[Tomb of Akbar the Great|tomb of Akbar]] at nearby [[Sikandra (disambiguation)|Sikandra]]. In [[Mathura]], he was joined by Hussain Beg, with about 3000 horsemen. In [[Panipat]], he was joined by Abdur Rahim, the provincial ''dewan'' (administrator) of [[Lahore]]. When Khusrau reached [[Tarn Taran, India|Taran Taran]] near [[Amritsar]], he received the blessings of [[Guru Arjan Dev]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Melton |first=J. Gordon |date=Jan 15, 2014 |title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&q=khusrau+mirza+died&pg=PA1163 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=1163 |isbn= 9781610690263|access-date=Nov 3, 2014 }}</ref>

Khusrau laid siege on [[Lahore]], defended by Dilawar Khan. Jahangir soon reached Lahore with a large army and Khusrau was defeated in the battle of Bhairowal. He and his followers tried to flee towards [[Kabul]], but they were captured by Jahangir's army while crossing the [[Chenab]].<ref name="The Flight of Khusrau">[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D11001081%26ct%3D14 The Flight of Khusrau] The [[Tuzk-e-Jahangiri]] Or Memoirs Of Jahangir, Alexander Rogers and Henry Beveridge. Royal Asiatic Society, 1909–1914. Vol. I, Chapter 3. p 51, 62-72., Volume 1, chpt. 20</ref>

Khusrau was first brought to Delhi, where a novel punishment was meted out to him. He was seated in grand style on an elephant and paraded down [[Chandni Chowk]], while on both sides of the narrow street, the noblemen and barons who had supported him were held at knife-point on raised platforms. As the elephant approached each such platform, the luckless supporter was impaled on a stake (through his bowels), while Khusrau was compelled to watch the grisly sight and listen to the screams and pleas of those who had supported him. This was repeated numerous times through the entire length of Chandni Chowk.
[[File:TombofKhusrau.JPG|thumb|200px|right|The Mausoleum of Khusrau Mirza in [[Khusro Bagh]], [[Allahabad]]]] Khusrau was then blinded (in 1607) and imprisoned in Agra. However, his eyesight was never completely lost. In 1616, he was handed over to [[Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan|Asaf Khan]], the brother of his step-mother [[Nur Jehan]]. In 1620, he was handed over to his younger brother, [[Prince Khurram]] (later known as emperor [[Shah Jahan]]), who incidentally was Asaf Khan's son-in-law. In 1622, Khusrau was killed on the orders of Prince Khurram.<ref>Mahajan V.D. (1991, reprint 2007) ''History of Medieval India'', Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, pp.126-7</ref><ref name="Findly1993">{{cite book|author=Ellison Banks Findly|title=Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugxFjVDk3I8C&pg=PA171|date=25 March 1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-536060-8|pages=170–172}}</ref>

==Posterity==
After the death of Jahangir in 1627, Khusrau's son, Prince Dawar was briefly made ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]] by [[Abul-Hasan ibn Mirza Ghiyas Beg|Asaf Khan]] to secure the Mughal throne for Shah Jahan.

On Jumada-l awwal 2, 1037 AH (December 30, 1627<ref name=Taylor>Taylor, G.P. (1907). ''Some Dates Relating to the Mughal Emperors of India'' in ''Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal'', New Series, Vol.3, Calcutta: The Asiatic Society of Bengal, p.59</ref>), Shah Jahan was proclaimed as the emperor at Lahore. On Jumada-l awwal 26, 1037 AH (January 23, 1628<ref name="Taylor"/>), Dawar, his brother Garshasp, uncle [[Shahryar (Mughal prince)|Shahryar]], as well as Tahmuras and [[Hushang Mirza|Hoshang]], sons of the deceased [[Prince Daniyal]], were all put to death by Asaf Khan,<ref>[http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D80201016%26ct%3D165%26rqs%3D115%26rqs%3D116%26rqs%3D225%26rqs%3D226%26rqs%3D232%26rqs%3D249%26rqs%3D250%26rqs%3D351%26rqs%3D352%26rqs%3D456%26rqs%3D457%26rqs%3D640%26rqs%3D641%26rqs%3D681%26rqs%3D682 Death of the Emperor (Jahangir)] [[The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period]], Sir H. M. Elliot, London, 1867–1877, vol 6.</ref> who was ordered by Shah Jahan to send them "out of the world", which he faithfully carried out.<ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.)(2007). ''The Mughul Empire'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.197-8</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=no |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Khusrau Mirza'''
|2= 2. [[Jahangir|Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="ASHERAsher1992">{{cite book|last=Asher|first=Catherine Blanshard|title=Architecture of Mughal India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC&pg=PA104|year=1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-521-26728-1|page=104}}</ref>
|3= 3. [[Shah Begum]]<ref name="ASHERAsher1992"/>
|4= 4. [[Akbar|Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Srivastava1975">{{cite book|last=Srivastava|first=M. P.|title=Society and Culture in Medieval India, 1206-1707|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JPctAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Chugh Publications|location=Allahabad|page=178}}</ref>
|5= 5. [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]]<ref name="Srivastava1975"/>
|6= 6. [[Bhagwant Das]], Raja of [[Amer, India|Amber]]<ref name="Mohammada2007">{{cite book|last=Mohammada|first=Malika|title=The Foundations of the Composite Culture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwzbYvQszf4C&pg=PA300|year=2007|publisher=Aakar Books|location=Delhi|isbn=978-81-89833-18-3|page=300}}</ref>
|7=
|8= 8. [[Humayun|Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun, Mughal Emperor]]<ref name="Gulbadan1902">{{cite book|last=Gulbadan Begum|author-link=Gulbadan Begum|translator=Annette Beveridge|translator-link=Annette Beveridge|title=The History of Humayun (Humayun-nama)|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofhumayun00gulbrich/page/156/mode/1up|year=1902|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society|location=London|pages=157–58}}</ref>
|9= 9. [[Hamida Banu Begum]]<ref name="Gulbadan1902"/>
|10= 10. [[Bharmal]], Raja of [[Amer, India|Amber]]<ref name="Latif2003">{{cite book|last=Latif|first=Syad Muhammad|title=Agra Historical and Descriptive with an Account of Akbar and His Court and of the Modern City of Agra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hZuAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1709-4|page=156}}</ref> (= 12)
|11= 11. Rani Champavati [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]]<ref name="Agrawal1986">{{cite book |last1=Agrawal |first1=C. M. |title=Akbar and his Hindu officers: a critical study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEpuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=ABS Publications |year=1986 |page=27 }}</ref><ref name=Sarkar1984>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938 |publisher=Orient Longman Limited |year=1984 |page=43 |isbn=81-250-0333-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC&pg=PA43}}</ref>
|12= 12. [[Bharmal]], Raja of [[Amer, India|Amber]]<ref name="Prasad1966">{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Rajiva Nain|title=Raja Man Singh of Amber|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90TRAAAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=World Press|location=Calcutta|isbn=978-0-8426-1473-3|page=11}}</ref> (= 10)
|13= 13. Phulvati Bai of [[Mandore]]<ref name="Bhatnagar1974">{{cite book|last=Bhatnagar|first=V. S.|title=Life and Times of Sawai Jai Singh, 1688-1743|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=plFuAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Impex India|location=Delhi|page=10}}</ref>
|14=
|15= }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|first1=Emperor|last1=Jahangir|first2=Alexander|last2=Rogers|first3=Henry|last3=Beveridge|title=The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri; or, Memoirs of Jahangir. Translated by Alexander Rogers. Edited by Henry Beveridge|url=https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001|publisher=London Royal Asiatic Society|year=1909|pages=[https://archive.org/details/b29352423_0001/page/78 78], 81, 279}}

==External links==
*[http://www.boloji.com/history/013.htm History of India - Shah Jahan]
*[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Mughals/Jehang.html Jahangir]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza, Khusrau}}
[[Category:Mughal princes]]
[[Category:People from Lahore]]
[[Category:1587 births]]
[[Category:1622 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Executed royalty]]
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:17th-century executions in India]]
[[Category:People executed by the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Timurid dynasty]]

Khusrau Mirza - Revision history

KurtFaucett: small changes

imported>Manavati at 22:10, 28 June 2021