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{{Short description|Date jaggery originating from Bengal}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox food
| name = ''Khejurer Gur''
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| image_upright =
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| place_of_origin = [[Bengal]]
| region = [[Bengal]] and [[Odisha]]
| associated_cuisine =
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| main_ingredient =
| minor_ingredient =
| variations = ''Patali'' and ''Nolen''
| serving_size = 100 g
| calories = 355
| calories_ref =
| protein = 1.69
| fat =
| carbohydrate = 87
| glycemic_index =
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[[File:Jaggery,_bd.jpg | thumb|right | alt=Khejurer Gur in a bowl | Khejurer Gur in a bowl]]
'''''Khejurer Gur''''' ({{langx|bn|খেজুরের গুড়|Khējurēr Guṛ}}) is a type of [[palm sugar]] made from the [[Date juice|sweet sap of the date palm]]. The sap is boiled and concentrated to syrup by evaporation. ''Khejurer Gur'' is prepared by cooling the concentrated syrup. ''Khejurer Gur'' is available in two forms — ''Patali'' (solid) and ''Nolen'' or ''Jhola'' (liquid).<ref name="Chakraborty">{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Barnini Maitra |title=Palm to plate: How to get nolen gur from across West Bengal delivered to your doorstep this winter |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/food/get-your-nolen-gur-home-delivered-this-sankranti-poush-parbon-from-these-online-stores/cid/1993355 |access-date=19 November 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=12 January 2024 |quote=Be it the cubes of ''patali'' or the liquid ''jhola'', the gooey, sticky date-palm jaggery has to feature in mealtimes and people wait for the fresh batches of gur every season.}}</ref><ref name="Banka">{{cite news |last1=Banka |first1=Neha |title=Nolen gur, West Bengal's beloved seasonal food stares at a bitter future |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/nolen-gur-bengals-beloved-seasonal-food-stares-at-a-bitter-future-8505171/ |access-date=19 November 2024 |work=The Indian Express |date=19 March 2023 |location=Nadia |quote=In his shop outside Majdiha’s railway station, Jhantu Das has been selling blocks of jaggery and jars full of liquid nolen gur, also called jhola gur, for over a decade....“Farmers say that because the roots of the date palm tree don’t go very deep into the soil, they aren’t getting enough water, resulting in low yields of sap. It is likely one reason behind the low production of jaggery,” he says.}}</ref> The word "''Khejur''" generally refers to the [[date palm]] while the word "''gur''" refers to jaggery.

The history of ''Khejurer Gur'' production in [[Bengal]] is very old. ''Nolen Gur'', a type of ''Khejurer Gur'' (or molasses), is mentioned in the [[Sanskrit]] ''[[Kāvya]]'' ''Sadukti-Karnamrta'' by Sridhardas.<ref name="prothomalo"/> In 1837, the first ''Khejurer Gur'' factory was established at Dhoba near [[Bardhaman|Bardwan]] in West Bengal. [[West Bengal]] and [[Odisha|Orissa]] in India and [[Jessore District|Jessore]] and [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]] districts in [[Bangladesh]] are famous for producing ''Khejurer Gur''.

''Khejurer Gur'' plays an important role in culinary styles, especially in [[Bengali cuisine]]. This type of [[palm sugar]] holds significant importance in the preparation of ''[[Pitha]]'', which adds a delicious nuttiness and sweetness. [[Kolkata]] is famous for its use of ''Nolen gur'' in ''[[Sandesh (confectionery)|Sandesh]]'' and other [[Bengali sweets|''Mishti'']].

== History ==
The [[palm sugar]] and palm products industry in [[Bengal]] dates back to about 4000 years old, and is an essential traditional village industry.{{sfn|Registrar|2023|p=11}} Sridhardas, son of Sri Bhatudas, the most powerful of Lakshmana Sen's feudal lords (''Mahasamantachuramani''), is the author of the Sanskrit ''Kāvya'' ''Sadukti-Karnamrta''. Historian Niharranjan Roy, in his book History of Bengali Adiparva, mentions that ''Nolen Gur'' is described in this Sanskrit poetic text. Besides, he also mentioned that he found mention of dates in [[Dharmapala of Bengal#Epigraphs|Dharmapala's Khalimpur inscription]]. The [[Sora people]] of [[Odisha]] also have a history in the preparation of ''Khejurer Gur''

The southern districts of West Bengal and the southwestern districts of Bangladesh are more famous for their ''Khejurer Gur''. [[Jessore District|Jessore]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], Undivided [[Twenty-four Parganas]] and [[Nadia district|Nadia]] district have been famous for ''gur'' (jaggery) production for centuries. According to the book ''History of Jessohar Khulna'' written by historian Satish Chandra Mitra, 21 lakh 80 thousand 550 [[Maund (unit)|maunds]] of ''Khejurer Gur'' were produced in East Bengal in 1900–1901, of which 17 lakh 9 thousand 960 maunds of ''gur'' were produced in Jessore alone. The first date palm jaggery and sugar factory was established in 1837 at Dhoba near [[Bardhaman|Burdwan]] in West Bengal, which was the first industrialization of palm sugar production in India. In 1861, Mr. Newhouse built a factory for the production of date palm jaggery and sugar at Taherpur on the banks of the [[Kapotaksha River]] in Chougacha. Later, 117 factories were established in different villages of Jessore.<ref name="prothomalo">{{cite news |last1=Rahman |first1=Sheikh Saifur |title=গুড়কীর্তন |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/lifestyle/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8 |access-date=19 November 2024 |work=Prothom Alo |date=30 January 2020 |language=bn |quote=সদুক্তিকর্ণামৃত নামের সংস্কৃত কাব্যগ্রন্থের রচয়িতা শ্রীধরদাস।...নলেন গুড়ের বন্দনা আছে বলে উল্লেখ করেছেন ঐতিহাসিক নিহাররঞ্জন রায়, তাঁর গ্রন্থ বাঙ্গালীর ইতিহাস আদিপর্ব-এ।...এ ছাড়া খেজুরের উল্লেখ ধর্মপালের খালিমপুর-লিপিতে পেয়েছেন বলেও উল্লেখ করেছেন তিনি।}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |author=Registrar |date=31 August 2023 |title=Geographical Indications Journal No 178 |url=https://archive.org/details/gi-journal-178/page/3/mode/1up |journal=Geographical Indications Journal |publisher=Intellectual Property India}}

[[Category:Bengali cuisine]]
[[Category:West Bengal cuisine]]
[[Category:Indian cuisine]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi cuisine]]
[[Category:Cuisine of Odisha]]

Khejurer Gur - Revision history

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