Khas people - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group of Nepal and India}}		{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group of Nepal and India}}
	{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Indo-Aryan group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}		{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Indo-Aryan group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}

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	'''Khas ~~people~~''' ({{IPAc-en\|Lang\|k\|h\|ɑː\|s}}; {{lang-ne\|खस}}) also called '''Khas and Arya'''{{#tag:ref\|See<ref name="Khadka">{{Cite news\|last=Khadka\|first =Suman \|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2015-02-25/drawing-caste-lines.html\|title= Drawing caste lines\|date=25 Feb 2015\|newspaper= [[The Kathmandu Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehimalayantimes.com">{{cite web\|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/khas-arya-quota-provision-civil-services-opposed/\|title=Khas Arya quota provision in civil services opposed\|date=10 November 2017\|website=thehimalayantimes.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731658-good-government-might-be-too-much-hope-nepals-election-may-last-bring-stability\|title=Nepal's election may at last bring stability\|newspaper=The Economist\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/ampnews/2018-03-28/pm-briefs-international-community.html\|title=The Kathmandu Post -PM briefs international community\|website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com\|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/from-the-nepali-press/quotable-quota/\|title=Quotable quota\|first=Nepali\|last=Times\|website=www.nepalitimes.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/kp-oli-swearing-in-ceremony-nepal-elections-5119820/\|title=Next Door Nepal: Another chink in the wall\|date=2 April 2018\|website=indianexpress.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/39123/?categoryId=81\|title=Oli in balancing avatar\|website=myrepublica.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Nepal-seeks-unity-from-its-first-local-elections-in-20-years\|title=Nepal seeks unity from its first local elections in 20 years\|website=Nikkei Asian Review\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/politics/lessons-for-india-from-nepal-history-of-cow-slaughter\|title=Lessons for India From Nepal's History of Banning Cow Slaughter - The Wire\|website=The Wire\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-04-07/what-does-high-caste-chauvinism-look-like.html\|title=What does high caste chauvinism look like?\|website=ekantipur.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>\|name="khas arya"\|group="nb"}} are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Indo-Aryan]]{{sfn\|Hagen\|Thapa\|1998\|p=114}} ~~[[ethno-linguistic group]]~~ native to South Asia, what is now present-day [[Nepal]] and [[Indian states]] of [[Uttarakhand]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Sikkim]].{{Citation needed\|date=December 2020}}The Khas people speak the [[Khas language]]. They are also known as '''Parbatiyas/Parbates''' and '''Paharis/Pahadis''' or '''Gorkhali'''. The term ''Khas'' has now become obsolete, as the Khas ~~people~~ have adopted communal identities such as [[Thakuri]] and [[Chhetri]] because of the negative stereotypes associated with the term ''Khas''.{{sfn\|William Brook Northey\|C. J. Morris\|1928\|p=123}}{{sfn\|K. S. Singh\|2005\|p=851}}{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=48}}		'''Khas & Arya''' ({{IPAc-en\|Lang\|k\|h\|ɑː\|s}}; {{lang-ne\|खस}} र आर्य) also called '''Khas and Arya'''{{#tag:ref\|See<ref name="Khadka">{{Cite news\|last=Khadka\|first =Suman \|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2015-02-25/drawing-caste-lines.html\|title= Drawing caste lines\|date=25 Feb 2015\|newspaper= [[The Kathmandu Post]]}}</ref><ref name="thehimalayantimes.com">{{cite web\|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/khas-arya-quota-provision-civil-services-opposed/\|title=Khas Arya quota provision in civil services opposed\|date=10 November 2017\|website=thehimalayantimes.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21731658-good-government-might-be-too-much-hope-nepals-election-may-last-bring-stability\|title=Nepal's election may at last bring stability\|newspaper=The Economist\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/ampnews/2018-03-28/pm-briefs-international-community.html\|title=The Kathmandu Post -PM briefs international community\|website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com\|access-date=6 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/from-the-nepali-press/quotable-quota/\|title=Quotable quota\|first=Nepali\|last=Times\|website=www.nepalitimes.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/kp-oli-swearing-in-ceremony-nepal-elections-5119820/\|title=Next Door Nepal: Another chink in the wall\|date=2 April 2018\|website=indianexpress.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/39123/?categoryId=81\|title=Oli in balancing avatar\|website=myrepublica.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Nepal-seeks-unity-from-its-first-local-elections-in-20-years\|title=Nepal seeks unity from its first local elections in 20 years\|website=Nikkei Asian Review\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://thewire.in/politics/lessons-for-india-from-nepal-history-of-cow-slaughter\|title=Lessons for India From Nepal's History of Banning Cow Slaughter - The Wire\|website=The Wire\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-04-07/what-does-high-caste-chauvinism-look-like.html\|title=What does high caste chauvinism look like?\|website=ekantipur.com\|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>\|name="khas arya"\|group="nb"}} are an [[Indo-Aryan peoples\|Indo-Aryan]]{{sfn\|Hagen\|Thapa\|1998\|p=114}} & Turanian native to South Asia, what is now present-day [[Nepal]] and [[Indian states]] of [[Uttarakhand]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Sikkim]] & North east india.{{Citation needed\|date=December 2020}}The Khas people speak the [[Khas language]]. They are also known as '''Parbatiyas/Parbates''' and '''Paharis/Pahadis''' or '''Gorkhali'''. The term ''Khas'' has now become obsolete, as the Khas Tribes have adopted communal identities such as [[Thakuri]] and [[Chhetri]] because of the negative stereotypes associated with the term ''Khas''.{{sfn\|William Brook Northey\|C. J. Morris\|1928\|p=123}}{{sfn\|K. S. Singh\|2005\|p=851}}{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=48}}

	According to the [[Constitution of Nepal]], western ~~hill khas~~ [[Bahun]]s, [[Chhetri]]s, [[Thakuri]]s, ~~and [[Sannyasa\|Sanyasis]]~~ who are citizens of Nepal should be considered as ~~Khas~~ Arya for electoral purposes.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/888\|title=Part-8 Federal Legislature – Nepal Law Commission\|language=en-US\|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>		According to the [[Constitution of Nepal]], western Pahadis or Hill [[Bahun]]s,(Brahmins), & [[Dasnami\|Pahadi or Hill Dasnami/Sanyasis,]] Aboriginee Khasas or Matwali pawei [[Chhetri]]s & [[Thakuri]]s, who are citizens of Nepal should be considered as Khasas & Arya for electoral purposes.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/archives/888\|title=Part-8 Federal Legislature – Nepal Law Commission\|language=en-US\|access-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>

	==Origin==		==Origin==

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	==Origin==		==Origin==

	They have been connected to the [[Khasas]] mentioned in the ancient Hindu literature.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=112-119}} Historian Bal Krishna Sharma and [[Dor Bahadur Bista]] speculates that the Khas or Kus people were of [[Yuezhi]] Tribes from Cental Asia, Historian [[Baburam Acharya]] speculates that Khas are a sub-clan of ~~Saka~~, a [[Central Asia]]<nowiki/>n clan that originated at Idavritt (modern day [[Kashmir]]) ~~and later~~ migrated to the hilly regions of West Nepal where they were called '''Paharis/Pahadis''' literally translating to '''hill-dwellers'''.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}}{{#tag:ref\|Historian [[Baburam Acharya]] speculates that in the 3rd millennium BCE., there were two clans of '''[[Aryan\|Arya]]''' in the northern [[Indian subcontinent]]; ''Aiḍa'' and ''Mānava''. ''Aiḍa'' who were named after their homeland ''Iḍavritt'' (modern day [[Kashmir]]), settled over [[Panjab]] and [[Gangetic plain\|Ganga-Jamuna plain]] while ''Mānava'' settled over [[Awadh]] region. [[Chandravanshi]] kings like [[Bharata (Mahabharata)\|Bharata]] and [[Yudhisthir]] belonged to ''Aiḍa'' while [[Suryavansha\|Suryavanshi]] kings like [[Ramachandra]] belonged to ''Mānava''. Later, ''Aiḍa'' built dominion over [[Magadh]] while ''Mānava'' had dominion over [[Videha]].{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}}\|name="arya clan"\|group="nb"}} ~~Khas~~ were living in the ''Idavaritt'' in the 3rd millennium BCE. and the original meaning of the term ''Khas'' was ~~[[Raja]] (''Yoddha'')~~.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}} He further speculates that Kashmir has been named from its local residents Khas as '''Khasmir'''.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}} In the 2nd millennium B.C.E., one group of Khas migrated towards [[Iran]] while the other group migrated east of [[Sutlej river]] settling only in the hill regions up to [[Bheri River]].{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=200}} Historian Balkrishna Pokhrel contends that Khas were not the [[Vedic Aryan]]s but [[Turanid race\|Turanid]] of the latter periods like the [[Gurjara]], [[Darada]], [[Saka\|Shaka]], and [[Pallava]].{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} He further asserts that post-Vedic Aryans were akin to Vedic Aryans in terms of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] and [[Indian culture]].{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}}		They have been connected to the [[Khasas]] mentioned in the ancient Hindu literature.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=112-119}} Historian Bal Krishna Sharma and [[Dor Bahadur Bista]] speculates that the Khas or Kus people were Nomadic branch of [[Yuezhi]] Tribes from Cental Asia, Historian [[Baburam Acharya]] speculates that Khas are a sub-clan of Turanid tribes, a [[Central Asia\|himalayan Asia]]<nowiki/>n clan that originated at Idavritt (modern day [[Kashmir]]) to Sikkim whole himalayan belt. They lived together with Pahadis who migrated to the hilly regions of West Nepal to kashmir where they were called Khashya '''Paharis/Pahadis''' literally translating to '''hill-dwellers'''.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}}{{#tag:ref\|Historian [[Baburam Acharya]] speculates that in the 3rd millennium BCE., there were two clans of '''[[Aryan\|Arya]]''' in the northern [[Indian subcontinent]]; ''Aiḍa'' and ''Mānava''. ''Aiḍa'' who were named after their homeland ''Iḍavritt'' (modern day [[Kashmir]]), settled over [[Panjab]] and [[Gangetic plain\|Ganga-Jamuna plain]] while ''Mānava'' settled over [[Awadh]] region. [[Chandravanshi]] kings like [[Bharata (Mahabharata)\|Bharata]] and [[Yudhisthir]] belonged to ''Aiḍa'' while [[Suryavansha\|Suryavanshi]] kings like [[Ramachandra]] belonged to ''Mānava''. Later, ''Aiḍa'' built dominion over [[Magadh]] while ''Mānava'' had dominion over [[Videha]].{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}}\|name="arya clan"\|group="nb"}} Khasas were living in the ''Idavaritt to nepal'' in the 3rd millennium BCE. and the original meaning of the term ''Khas'' was Barbarian.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}} also He further speculates that Kashmir has been named from its local residents Khas as '''Khasmir'''.{{sfn\|Acharya\|1975\|p=199}} Historian Balkrishna Pokhrel contends that Khas & aryas were not the [[Vedic Aryan]]s but [[Turanid race\|Turanid]] of the latter periods like the [[Gurjara]], [[Darada]], [[Saka\|Shaka]], and [[Pallava]].{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} He further asserts that post-Vedic Aryans were akin to Vedic Aryans in terms of [[Indo-Aryan languages]] and [[Indian culture]].{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}}

	== History ==		== History ==

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	{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Turanid group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}		{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Turanid group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}
	{{Infobox ethnic group		{{Infobox ethnic group
	\| group = Khas/Khasia/Kus/Parbate/Pahari/Gorkhali		\| group = Khas/Khasia/Kus/Parbate/Pahari/Gorkhali/Yartse
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =
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	\| caption = Picture of Khas Women from Nepal in the 1880s		\| caption = Picture of Khas Women from Nepal in the 1880s
	\| population = '''{{Circa\|16 million\|lk=yes}}'''<ref name=ethnologue1>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/npi/\|title=Nepali (npi)\|work=Ethnologue\|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>		\| population = '''{{Circa\|16 million\|lk=yes}}'''<ref name=ethnologue1>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/npi/\|title=Nepali (npi)\|work=Ethnologue\|access-date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
	\| regions = [[Nepal]], [[India]], [[Bhutan]]		\| regions = [[Nepal]], [[India]], [[Bhutan]], [[Myanmar]]
	\| languages = [[Nepali language\|Nepali (Khas kura)]]		\| languages = [[Nepali language\|Nepali (Khas kura)]], [[Raute]], [[Kusunda]]
	\| rels = [[~~Hinduism in Nepal \|Hinduism~~]]		\| rels = [[Shamanism]]/ [[Masto]]
	\| related = [[Kumaoni people]], [[Garhwali people]], [[Pahari people (Nepal)\|Pahari people]],		\| related = [[Kumaoni people]], [[Garhwali people]], [[Pahari people (Nepal)\|Pahari people]], [[Magar]] people.
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	}}		}}

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	===Nepal===		===Nepal===
	Modern-day Khas people are referred to as ~~Khas~~ Brahmin (commonly called as ~~Khas~~ [[Bahun]]), Matwali/Pawai Khas (commonly called as [[Khasas\|Khas]] [[Chhetri]]), and ~~[[Khasas\|Khas]]~~ Dalit.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=116-119}} Khas people are popularly referred to in modern times as ''Khas ~~and~~ Arya''.		Modern-day Khas & Arya people are referred to as Pahadi Brahmin (commonly called as [[Bahun]]), Matwali-Tribal/Pawai-Khas (commonly called as [[Khasas\|Khas]] [[Chhetri]]-Thakuri), and Pahadi Dalit.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=116-119}} Khas & Arya people are popularly referred to in modern times as ''Khas- Arya in nepal means Khasas (Tribal Aboriginees such as Chhetri, Thakuri, Raute, Kusunda''. & Pahadi aryas (Bahun, Jaisi, Khatri, Sanyasi/Dasnami, Jogi, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Gaine, Badi, Kumal)

	===India===		===India===

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	==Communities==		==Communities==

	~~Historian Balkrishna Pokhrel writes~~ the communities or caste in Khas group were [[Bahun\|Brahman]], [[Chhetri]], [[Thakuri]], [[Sannyasa\|Sannyasi]], [[Gharti]], [[Damai]], [[Kami (caste)\|Kami]], [[Sarki (ethnic group)\|Sarki]], [[Gandarbha\|Gaine]], [[Gandarbha]], [[Badi people\|Badi]], [[Kusunda people\|Kusunda]], [[Raute people\|Raute]], [[Kumal people\|Kumal]], etc.{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} The tribal designation [[Khasas\|Khas]] refers to in some contexts only to the Pawai/Matwali Khas group, [[Chhetri\|Chhetri-]][[Thakuri]], but in other contexts may also include the low status (generally untouchable) occupational Khas groups such as [[Kami (caste)\|Kāmi]] (blacksmiths), [[Damai\|Damāi]] (tailors), and [[Sarki (ethnic group)\|Sārki]] (shoemakers and leather workers).{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}} Khas people are addressed with the term ''Khayan'' or ''Parbatiya''{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} or ''Partyā'', ''Parbaté'' meaning hill-dweller by [[Newar]]s.{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}} The hill Khas tribe are in large part associated with the [[Gurkha\|Gorkhali]] warriors.{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}}		In the greater khas term communities or caste & tribals in Khas group were [[Bahun\|Brahman]], [[Chhetri]], [[Thakuri]], [[Sannyasa\|Sannyasi]], [[Gharti]], [[Damai]], [[Kami (caste)\|Kami]], [[Sarki (ethnic group)\|Sarki]], [[Gandarbha\|Gaine]], [[Gandarbha]], [[Badi people\|Badi]], [[Kusunda people\|Kusunda]], [[Raute people\|Raute]], [[Kumal people\|Kumal]], etc.{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} The tribal designation [[Khasas\|Khas]] refers to in some contexts only to the Pawai/Matwali Khas group, [[Chhetri\|Chhetri-]][[Thakuri]], & Raute & Kusunda but in other contexts may also include the low status (generally untouchable) occupational Khas groups such as [[Kami (caste)\|Kāmi]] (blacksmiths), [[Damai\|Damāi]] (tailors), and [[Sarki (ethnic group)\|Sārki]] (shoemakers and leather workers).{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}} Khas people are addressed with the term ''Khayan'' or ''Parbatiya''{{sfn\|Pokhrel\|1973\|p=229}} or ''Partyā'', ''Parbaté'' meaning hill-dweller by [[Newar]]s.{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}} The hill Khas tribe are in large part associated with the [[Gurkha\|Gorkhali]] warriors.{{sfn\|Whelpton\|2005\|p=31}}
	[[File:Khas or Kus group, Goorkha, dominant tribe, Nipal.jpg\|thumb\|Khas/Chhetri Tribe of Nepal]]		[[File:Khas or Kus group, Goorkha, dominant tribe, Nipal.jpg\|thumb\|Khas/Chhetri Tribe of Nepal]]

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	{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group of Nepal and India}}		{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group of Nepal and India}}
	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Turanid group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}		{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Turanid group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}
	{{Infobox ethnic group		{{Infobox ethnic group

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	{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Indo-Aryan group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}		{{About\|medieval and modern day Khas people\|ancient Indo-Aryan group of same name\|Khasas\|medieval kingdom\|Khasa Malla kingdom\|native language of Khas people\|Khas language}}

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	== History ==		== History ==
	~~Khas~~ are believed to have arrived in the western reaches of Nepal at the beginning of first-millennium B.C.{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=15}} or middle of first-millennium A.D.{{sfn\|Sharma\|1999\|p=112}} from the north-west. It is likely that they ~~absorbed people from different ethnic groups during this immigration~~.~~{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|p=113}}~~ They have been connected to the medieval [[Khasa Malla kingdom]].{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=112-119}}		Khasas are believed that they are aboriginee tribes of wholly himalayan belt. They have been connected to the medieval [[Khasa Malla kingdom]].{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=112-119}}

	In the [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]] and [[Garhwal division\|Garhwal]] regions of Uttarakhand in India, the ~~Khas~~ Brahmins and ~~Khas~~ Rajputs had a lower social status than the other Vedic Brahmins and Rajputs. However, in present-day western Nepal, they had the same status as the other Brahmins, possibly as a result of their political power in the Khasa Malla kingdom.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=116-119}}		In the [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]] and [[Garhwal division\|Garhwal]] regions of Uttarakhand in India, the Pahadi Brahmins and Khasas or hill Rajputs had a lower social status than the other Vedic Brahmins and Rajputs. However, in present-day western Nepal, they had the same status as the other Brahmins, possibly as a result of their political power in the Khasa Malla kingdom.{{sfn\|John T Hitchcock\|1978\|pp=116-119}}

	[[File:Mandhata Shahi- SAKE-1612.jpg\|thumb\|Copper Inscription by King of [[Doti]], ''Raika'' Mandhata Shahi at [[Saka Era]] 1612 (शाके १६१२) (or 1747 [[Bikram Samvat]]) in old [[Khas language]] using [[Devanagari]] script]]		[[File:Mandhata Shahi- SAKE-1612.jpg\|thumb\|Copper Inscription by King of [[Doti]], ''Raika'' Mandhata Shahi at [[Saka Era]] 1612 (शाके १६१२) (or 1747 [[Bikram Samvat]]) in old [[Khas language]] using [[Devanagari]] script]]
	Until the 19th century, the [[Gorkha Kingdom\|Gorkhali]] referred to their country as ''~~Khas~~ Desh'' (Khas country).{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=107}} As they annexed the various neighboring countries (such as ~~Newar~~ of the [[Newar people]]) to the Gorkha kingdom, the terms such as ''Khas'' and ''Newar'' ceased to be used as the names of countries. The 1854 legal code (''Muluki Ain''), promulgated by the Nepali Prime Minister [[Jung Bahadur Rana]], himself a Khas,{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=37}} no longer referred to ''Khas'' as a country, rather as a ''[[jāti\|jāt]]'' (species or community) within the Gorkha kingdom.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=117}}		Until the 19th century, the [[Gorkha Kingdom\|Gorkhali]] (another powerfull khasa sect who ruled in central nepal) referred to their country as ''Khasa Desh'' (Khas country).{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=107}} As they annexed the various neighboring countries (such as Nepal of the [[Newar people]]) to the Gorkha kingdom, the terms such as ''Khas'' and ''Newar'' ceased to be used as the names of countries. The 1854 legal code (''Muluki Ain''), promulgated by the Nepali Prime Minister [[Jung Bahadur Rana]], himself a Khas,{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=37}} no longer referred to ''Khas'' as a country, rather as a ''[[jāti\|jāt]]'' (species or community) within the Gorkha kingdom.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=117}}
	[[File:Khas or pre-gorkha kingdom.jpg\|thumb\|Khas Kingdom]]		[[File:Khas or pre-gorkha kingdom.jpg\|thumb\|Khas Kingdom]]
	[[File:A_Portrait_Of_Khas_Soldier_In_1815.jpg\|thumb\|A Portrait Of Khas/Chhetri Soldier 1815\|left]]		[[File:A_Portrait_Of_Khas_Soldier_In_1815.jpg\|thumb\|A Portrait Of Khas/Chhetri Soldier 1815\|left]]
	[[File:Bhimsen Thapa of Nepal (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[Mukhtiyar]] [[Bhimsen Thapa]], the widely accepted first Prime Minister of Nepal]]		[[File:Bhimsen Thapa of Nepal (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[Mukhtiyar]] [[Bhimsen Thapa]], the widely accepted first Prime Minister of Nepal]]
	[[File:Ancestors of Tholung Family-1.jpg\|thumb\|Mother Of Jung Bahadur Rana]]		[[File:Ancestors of Tholung Family-1.jpg\|thumb\|Mother Of Jung Bahadur Rana]]
	The [[Shah dynasty]] of the Gorkha Kingdom, as well as the succeeding [[Rana dynasty]], spoke the [[Khas language]] (now called the Nepali language). However, they claimed to be Rajputs of Gorkha origin, rather than the native Khasas.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=119}} Since outside Nepal, the Khas social status was seen as inferior to that of the Rajputs, the rulers started describing themselves as natives of the Hill country, rather than that of the Khas country. Most people, however, considered the terms ''Khas'' and ''Parbatiya'' (''Pahari/Pahadi'' or Hill people) as synonymous.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=107}}		The [[Shah dynasty]] of the Gorkha Kingdom, as well as the succeeding [[Rana dynasty]], spoke the [[Khas language]] (now intermix with newari & called the modern Nepali language). However, they claimed to be Hill Rajputs of Gorkha origin, rather than the native aboriginee Khasas.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=119}} Since outside Nepal, the Khas social status was seen as inferior to that of the Rajputs, the rulers started describing themselves as natives of the Hill country, rather than that of the Khas country. Most people, however, considered the terms ''Khas'' and ''Parbatiya'' (''Pahari/Pahadi'' or Hill people) as synonymous.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=107}}

	Jung Bahadur also re-labeled the Khas ''jāt'' as [[Chhetri]] in present-day Nepal.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=119}} Originally, the [[Brahmin]] ~~immigrants~~ from the [[Gangetic plain\|plains]] considered the Khas as low-caste because of the latter's neglect of high-caste taboos (such as alcohol abstinence).{{sfn\|Susan Thieme\|2006\|p=83}} The ~~upper-class Khas people~~ commissioned the [[Bahun]] (Brahmin) priests to initiate them into the high-caste Chhetri order and adopted high-caste manners. Other Khas families who could not afford to (or did not care to) pay the Bahun priests also attempted to assume the Chhetri status but were not recognized as such by others. They are now called Matwali (alcohol-drinker ~~Khas~~) Chhetris.{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=48}}		Jung Bahadur also re-labeled in 1850 AD. the Khas ''jāt'' as [[Chhetri]] in present-day Nepal.{{sfn\|Richard Burghart\|1984\|p=119}} Originally, the [[Brahmin]] migrants from the [[Gangetic plain\|plains]] considered the Khas as low-caste because of the latter's neglect of high-caste taboos (such as alcohol abstinence). Eating langurs, forest boar. & Very aggressive mentality. {{sfn\|Susan Thieme\|2006\|p=83}} The Royal Khasas commissioned the [[Bahun]] (Brahmin) priests to initiate them into the high-caste Hindu Post kshatriya or in nepali Chhetri order and adopted high-caste manners. Other Khas families who could not afford to (or did not care to) pay the Bahun priests & worship pagan khasa culture suce as Shamanistic Masto. also attempted to assume the Chhetri status but were not recognized as such by others. They are now called Matwali (alcohol-drinker Khasas) Chhetris.{{sfn\|Dor Bahadur Bista\|1991\|p=48}}
	[[File:A portrait Khas- Goorkhali Soldiers IN 1820.jpg\|thumb\|A portrait Khas-Goorkhali Soldiers IN 1820\|left]]		[[File:A portrait Khas- Goorkhali Soldiers IN 1820.jpg\|thumb\|A portrait Khas-Goorkhali Soldiers IN 1820\|left]]
	[[File:Khas Gorkhas Soldiers IN Burma Front 1943.jpg\|thumb\|Khas Gorkhas Soldiers IN Burma Front 1943]]		[[File:Khas Gorkhas Soldiers IN Burma Front 1943.jpg\|thumb\|Khas Gorkhas Soldiers IN Burma Front 1943]]