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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Kharui Raj
|common_name =
|nation = [[Mughal Empire]] and [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Principality]] under the nominal sovereignty
|capital = Kharui
|era = [[Mughal era]]
|year_start = 1624
|date_start =
|event_start= Grant of jaagirdaari
|year_end = 1947
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Mughal Empire
|s1 = Nawab of Bengal
|s2 = British East India Company
|s3 = British Raj
|flag_p1 = Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg
|flag_s1 = Bengal subah flag (Nautical).svg
|flag_s2 = Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg
|flag_s3 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Kharui Raj.png
|image_coat =
|image_map = 1907-bengal-sikkim3.jpg
|image_map_caption = Kharui Raj in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|stat_area1 =
|stat_year1 =
|stat_pop1 =
|today = [[West Bengal]], [[India]] [[File:Flag of India.svg|20px]]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Kharui Raj''' principality traces its origin nearly three centuries, before the advent of [[British Raj]] in [[India]]. It was ruled by the descendants of [[Sayyid]] dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IgRDAAAAYAAJ&q=narayangarh+raja |title=Bengal, Past & Present: Journal of the Calcutta Historical Society |date=1971 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref> The clan were practically independent rulers in the period between the collapse of [[Mughal Empire]] and the rise of the [[British Raj]]. The rulers were the descendants of [[Hasan ibn Ali]], hence they assumed Hassan as their family name.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Khanam |first=Mahfuza |date=2022-06-05 |title=Age and gender as factors in visual photographic memory |journal=Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences |pages=385–392 |doi=10.3329/dujbs.v30i3.59031 |s2cid=249447665 |issn=2408-8501|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KHARUI Pin Code - 721134, Panskura-ii All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search EAST MIDNAPORE Post Office Address |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/west-bengal/east-midnapore/kharui-pincode-721134.html |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>

==History==

Kharui was granted as a [[Jagir|Jaagirdaari]] to Syed Shah Mohammad Hassan by the Mughal imperial crown prince [[Shah Jahan]] in 1624 for helping the future Emperor seek asylum in [[Bengal]] after he was driven away from [[Agra]] and [[Deccan]]. Shah Mohammad assisted Shahjahan in launching an attack on Akbarnagar, by providing him a safe passage through [[Midnapur]] and [[Burdwan]]. At Akbarnagar, [[Shahjahan]] defeated and killed [[Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang]] on April 20, 1624. Mohammad Hassan led Shahjahan's armies to [[Dhaka]], where the Emperor rewarded jaagirs and precious gifts to his loyal generals. Shah Mohammad received the jaagirdaari of Kharui near the fertile [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan river]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Syud |last=Hossain |title=Echoes from old Dacca |date=2001 |publisher=Hakkani Publishers |oclc=605226418}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The last Nawab of Kharui |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249215035}}</ref>

[[File:Portrait of Syed Shah Mohammad Hassan.png|thumb|Portrait of Nawab Syed Shah Mohammad Hassan of Kharui Raj]]

Shah Mohammad was succeeded by his son, Syed Humayun Shah Hassan, who was an able ruler. Shah Jahan had already ascended the Mughal throne by then. In 1631 the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] started trafficking Mughal officials and the Mughal controlled port of [[Saptagram]] fell. Shah Jahan ordered Qasim Khan to drive out the Portuguese from [[Hooghly River|Hoogly]]. Humayun Shah Hassan was ordered to march towards Hoogly with his forces from the west, crossing the [[Rupnarayan River|Rupnarayan river]]. On September 25, 1632, the Mughal army raised the imperial banners and launched an attack on Hoogly and gained control over the entire [[Bandel|Bandel region]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anam |first=Md. Khairul |title=Peasant Movement in a Bengal District : Murshidabad (1930-1947) an Introspective Overview |date=2000 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44148166 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=61 |pages=914–921 |jstor=44148166 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref>

After Bengal came under the [[Nawabs of Bengal]], the rulers of Kharui remained semi independent and paid tributes to the Empire and governed their territories independently. After the British victory in the [[Battle of Buxar]], the Diwani of [[Bengal]], [[Bihar]] and [[Odisha|Orissa]] was handed over to the British as per the treaty of [[Allahabad]]. Subsequently, all the Mughal principalities and smaller kingdoms ruled by Muslim and Hindu dynasties, including Kharui Raj were reduced to Zamindari estates and their armies were disbanded. In 1872, the British government awarded the title of "[[Nawab]]" to the 9th ruler of Kharui, Nawab Syed Ahmed Hassan for his efforts to help the common people during the Bengal famine. Nawab Syed Ahmed Hassan was married to Unmadatunissa Begum Sahiba, a daughter of [[Zahir Shah Mirza|Nawab Zahir Shah Mirza]] of [[Singranatore family]]. Owing to the sunset law and other harsh economic reform policies introduced by the British, Nawab Ahmed Hassan lost the biggest haat, the Banapore haat of Kharui to the British. He filed a case against the competent authorities in the [[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]], [[Calcutta]]. He fell ill and was unable to attend the proceedings, that is when his wife, Umdatunnissa took the responsibilities on her own shoulder, went to Calcutta and fought the legal battle. After years, she won the case and Banapore haat was restored to Kharui Raj.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Panda |first=Chitta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tu_sAAAAMAAJ |title=The Decline of the Bengal Zamindars: Midnapore, 1870-1920 |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563295-8 |language=en}}</ref>

==Rulers==

*Syed Shah Mohammad Hassan (1624–1630)<ref>{{Cite book |oclc=299365932 }}</ref>
*Syed Humayun Shah Hassan (1630–1716)
*Syed Mahmud Shah Hassan (1716–1778)
*Syed Fateh Shah Hassan (1778–1818)
*Syed Feeroz Shah Hassan (1818-183?)
*Syed Asad Shah Hassan (183? - 1835)
*Syed Jahan Shah Hassan (1835–1842)
*Syed Humayun Shah Hassan II (1842–1851)
*Syed Ahmed Shah Hassan (1851–1921)
*[[Nawabzadi Umdatunnissa, Nawab Begum of Kharui|Nawab Begum Umdatunnissa]] (regent, 1892–1912)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Kharui Raj - Revision history

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