Sadnasankar138: improved information also and updated info per standard format

2026-01-18T05:39:04Z

improved information also and updated info per standard format

imported>Ttttt321 at 10:52, 16 August 2021

2021-08-16T10:52:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:22, 16 August 2021
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	~~{{Short description\|Mosque in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}~~		ٰ

	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2018}}
	{{Infobox religious building		{{Infobox religious building
	\| building_name = Khanqah-e-Mu'alla		\| building_name = Khanqah-e-Mu'alla
	\| native_name = {{lang\|ur\|{{nq\|خانقاہِ ~~معلّےٰ~~}}}}		\| native_name = {{lang\|fa\|{{nq\|'''خانقاہِ معلّیٰ'''}}}}
	\| image = File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG		\| image = File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG
	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
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	\| designated =		\| designated =
	}}		}}
	'''Khanqah-e-Moula''', also known as '''Shah-e-Hamadan Masjid''' and '''Khanqah''' is a mosque located in the [[Downtown Srinagar\|Old City]] of [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. Situated on the right bank of the river [[Jhelum]] between the [[Fateh Kadal]] and Zaina Kadal bridges, it was first built in 1395 CE, commissioned by Sultan [[Sikandar Butshikan\|Sikendar]]. It is one of the best examples of Kashmiri wooden architecture, and is decorated with ''papier mache''.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Khanqah\|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/india/srinagar/khanqah.php}}</ref>		'''Khanqah-e-Moula''', ([[Urdu]]:'''خانقاهِ معلىٰ)''' also known as '''Shah-e-Hamadan Masjid''' and '''Khanqah''' (''First [[Mosque\|mosque/masjid]] builded in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]])'' is a mosque located in the [[Downtown Srinagar\|Old City]] of [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. Situated on the right bank of the river [[Jhelum]] between the Fateh Kadal and Zaina Kadal bridges, it was first built in 1395 CE, commissioned by Sultan [[Sikandar Butshikan\|Sikendar]]. It is one of the best examples of Kashmiri wooden architecture, and is decorated with ''papier mache''.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Khanqah\|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/india/srinagar/khanqah.php}}</ref>

	== Construction ==		== Construction ==
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	{{Commons category}}		{{Commons category}}
	* [[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar]]		* [[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar\|Jamia Masjid, Srinagar۔]]
	* [[Hazratbal Shrine]]		* [[Hazratbal Shrine\|Hazratbal Shrine۔]]

	==References==		==References==

>SunDawn: Reverted good faith edits by 2401:4900:448E:2203:0:5D:59BB:8001 (talk): could you provide source for this? Thanks! (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-05-12T04:01:31Z

Reverted good faith edits by 2401:4900:448E:2203:0:5D:59BB:8001 (talk): could you provide source for this? Thanks! (HG) (3.4.10)

New page

{{Short description|Mosque in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox religious building
| building_name = Khanqah-e-Mu'alla
| native_name = {{lang|ur|{{nq|خانقاہِ معلّےٰ}}}}
| image = File:Mausoleum of Shah e Hamadan 01.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = The Khanqah on the banks of Jhelum
| map_type =India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| location = [[Fateh Kadal]], [[Srinagar]]
| geo = {{coord|34.091248|74.807771|display=inline,title}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| rite =
| region = [[Kashmir Valley]]
| state = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| country = [[India]]
| sector =
| district = [[Srinagar District|Srinagar]]
| cercle =
| municipality =
| consecration_year =
| status = Active
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| leadership =
| patron =
| website =
| architecture =
| architect =
| architecture_type =
| architecture_style =
| founded_by = Sultan [[Sikandar Butshikan|Sikandar]]
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| facade_direction =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = 1395 CE, Rebuilt 1732 CE
| construction_cost =
| specifications =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| height_max = 38m
| dome_quantity = 1 (turret)
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = None
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| materials =
| nrhp =
| added =
| refnum =
| designated =
}}
'''Khanqah-e-Moula''', also known as '''Shah-e-Hamadan Masjid''' and '''Khanqah''' is a mosque located in the [[Downtown Srinagar|Old City]] of [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]. Situated on the right bank of the river [[Jhelum]] between the [[Fateh Kadal]] and Zaina Kadal bridges, it was first built in 1395 CE, commissioned by Sultan [[Sikandar Butshikan|Sikendar]]. It is one of the best examples of Kashmiri wooden architecture, and is decorated with ''papier mache''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Khanqah|url=http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/india/srinagar/khanqah.php}}</ref>

== Construction ==

The mosque was commissioned by Sultan [[Sikandar Butshikan]] in 1395 CE in memory of the Islamic preacher [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]], the central figure involved in the widespread conversion to Islam in Kashmir after Bulbul shah. Also known as ''Shah-e-Hamadan'' (the King of Hamadan), the preacher came to Kashmir from the city of [[Hamadan]], [[Persia]] in the 14th century. He is credited for the spread of Islam in Kashmir. In 1480 AD, the shrine was destroyed due to fire. The then ruler, Sultan Hassan Shah, expanded its premises and rebuilt it. In 1731 AD, the Khanqah was again destroyed by fire and then rebuilt by Abdul Barkat Khan.

==Background==
[[File:Shah Hamadan Mosque, srinagar 1906.jpg|thumb|Sketch of Shah Hamadan mosque dating back to 1906]]

The current mosque structure was constructed after destroying an ancient temple dedicated to Hindu goddess [[Kali]] and a sacred [[Hindu]] site,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1gctQ_ccrSMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=kali%20temple&f=false|title=Eminent Personalities of Kashmir|last=Kalla|first=Krishan Lal|date=1997|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|isbn=9788171413454|language=en}}</ref> It is believed by some that [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani|Sayyid Ali Hamdani]] had the temple of Kali demolished and built the present mosque with its material.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QpjKpK7ywPIC&pg=PA108&dq=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Kashmir and Its People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society|last=Kaw|first=M. K.|date=2004|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788176485371|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=3D9uAAAAMAAJ&q=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah&dq=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah|title=Kashmir, Wail of a Valley|last=Koul|first=Mohan Lal|date=1999-01-01|publisher=Gyan Sagar Publications|isbn=9788186987384|language=en}}</ref> and that a spring dedicated to Kali is still inside the mosque. The railing at the back of the mosque complex leads to a bright orange marking on the stone just below that suggests to the foundation belonging to the destructed Kali Shri temple.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5nlsBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT89&dq=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah#v=onepage&q=orange&f=false|title=Srinagar: An Architectural Legacy|last=Alkazi|first=Feisal|date=2014-05-01|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9789351940517|language=en}}</ref> Local Hindus were involved in various communal disputes and repeated altercations by 1942, agitating for the right to build a covered shrine adjacent to the Muslim shrine,<ref name="Rai 2004">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=qTHTI-Eus8kC&pg=PA206&dq=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah#v=onepage&q=kali%20temple%20srinagar%20khanqah&f=false|title=Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir|last=Rai|first=Mridu|date=2004|publisher=Hurst|isbn=9781850656616|language=en}}</ref> which eventually led to a boycott of Muslim-owned shops by Kashmiri Hindus.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=XiRuAAAAMAAJ&q=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah&dq=kali+temple+srinagar+khanqah|title=Freedom movement in Kashmir, 1931-1940|last=Khan|first=Ghulam Hassan|date=1980|publisher=Light & Life Publishers|language=en}}</ref>

In ''‘Eminent Personalities of Kashmir’,'' a book edited by a Kashmiri Hindu, Krishan Lal Kalla, mentions that according to Hindu belief, Khanqah was first the Kali temple. The book claims: “When Hazrat Ameer Kabir returned from Makkah, he went into the temple and offered his prayers. After he left the place, it was found that he had left footprints on that stone plate where he had bowed before the God. That temple was converted at once into Khanqah-e-Moula.''<ref name=RK />

However, others have questioned the validity of such claims, and believe it to be a revisionist attempt to re-cast history as traditional Kashmiri Hindu historians, such as [[Kalhana]], [[Jonaraja]] and Shuk Bhatt make no mention of the existence of any temple at the site of the structure. The counterclaim stemming from the fact that a Hindu religious site also exists adjacent to the shrine and the historians have suggested that the two sites have in fact always been adjacent to one another,<ref name=RK>{{Cite web|url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/maha-kali-temple-co-exists-with-khanqah|title=Maha Kali temple co-exists with Khanqah|website=Rising Kashmir|language=en|access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref> their proximity being representative of communal tolerance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=KTRuAAAAMAAJ&q=kali+temple+hamdan&dq=kali+temple+hamdan|title=The Culture of Kashmir|last=Iqbal|first=S. M.|last2=Nirash|first2=K. L.|date=1978|publisher=Marwah Publications|language=en}}</ref> Kashmiri Hindus have also historically held the Khanqah in high reverence.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=00duAAAAMAAJ&q=kali+temple+hamdan&dq=kali+temple+hamdan|title=Kashmir, social and cultural history|last=Rabbani|first=G. M.|date=1986|publisher=Anmol Publications|language=en}}</ref>

Archaeologist [[Ram Chandra Kak|R.C. Kak]] in ''Ancient Monuments of Kashmir''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kak |first1=R.C. |title=Ancient monuments of Kashmir |date=2002 |publisher=Gulshan Publishers |location=Srinagar-190001, Kashmir |isbn=81-86714-60-X |pages=77–79 |edition=1st [reprint]}}</ref> and historian [[Prithivi Nath Kaul Bamzai|P. N. K. Bamzai]] in ''Culture and Political History of Kashmir'' while writing about the ''Khanqah'', do not altogether mention anything about the possibility of the existence of a temple where the present structure stands.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bamzai |first1=P.N.K. |title=Culture and Political History of Kashmir |date=1994 |publisher=M.D. Publications |location=New Delhi-110002 |isbn=81-85880-33-6 |pages=326–27, 536–40 |edition=1st}}</ref> Historian Ashiq Husain Bhat further argues that re-purposing of Hindu shrines into Muslim ones wouldn’t have been unusual, given that the overwhelming majority of Kashmiris converted to Islam, and a similar conversion of the site into a church would occur were Kashmiris to convert en masse to Christianity.<ref name=RK /> The construction of Muslim shrines at Hindu sites has also been interpreted by some as an attempt by Kashmiri Muslim to maintain links to their Hindu past.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ciErfZdmZS4C&q=kali+temple+hamdan&dq=kali+temple+hamdan|title=Central Asiatic Journal|date=2010|publisher=O. Harrassowitz|language=en}}</ref>

=== Adjacent Kali Shri Shrine ===
Toward the River Jhelum, there is a wall marked with Sindoor (or Sindooram, a traditional vermilion red or orange-red colored cosmetic powder from India, usually worn by married women along the parting of their hair) but not a temple and water oozes at a place, which Kashmiri Hindus say is dedicated to goddess Kali.<ref name=RK /><ref name="Rai 2004"/>
[[File:Kalleshwari Temple Srinagar.png|thumb|Sign of Hindu goddess Kali Temple symbolised by Saffron Marks on the mosque structure where Hindus offer prayers]]

Saleem Beg, a member of [[INTACH]], states that the holy place of Hindus and the Khanqah co-existed together.<ref name=RK />

=== Fire of 2017 ===
On 15 November 2017, a fire broke out in the shrine which damaged the spire of the building. Fire tenders were brought on the scene and they managed to arrest the spread of the fire which prevented any further damage to the building.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/khankah-e-moula-shrine-damaged-in-srinagar-fire-jammu-kashmir-downtown-4938501/ |title=Khankah-e-Moula shrine damaged in Srinagar fire |date=2017-11-15 |access-date=2019-05-05 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

Restoration work was immediately started<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/print/khanqah-fire-work-to-rebuild-damaged-spire-rooftop-begins/266504.html |title=Latest News From Kashmir, Breaking News, Current Headlines, Kashmir News Online {{!}} Greater Kashmir |access-date=2019-05-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> and on 30 March 2018, a refurbished crown was successfully installed on the spire of the shrine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/srinagar/khankah-e-maulla-gets-refurbished-crown/ |title=Khankah-e-Maulla gets refurbished crown |date=2018-03-31 |access-date=2019-05-05 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Commons category}}
* [[Jamia Masjid, Srinagar]]
* [[Hazratbal Shrine]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Srinagar]]
[[Category:Mosques in Jammu and Kashmir]]

Khanqah-e-Moula - Revision history

Sadnasankar138: improved information also and updated info per standard format

imported>Ttttt321 at 10:52, 16 August 2021

>SunDawn: Reverted good faith edits by 2401:4900:448E:2203:0:5D:59BB:8001 (talk): could you provide source for this? Thanks! (HG) (3.4.10)