KristiBruno654: adjusted lead per standard format and fixed typos per sources

2026-03-08T23:27:20Z

adjusted lead per standard format and fixed typos per sources

imported>SierraTangoCharlie1: Reverted 1 edit by 103.200.106.142 (talk): Unconstructive edits

2021-08-12T15:53:42Z

Reverted 1 edit by 103.200.106.142 (talk): Unconstructive edits

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox region
| name = Khandesh
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Historical region]]
| image_skyline = Banks of river Tapi at Mudawad.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Landscape of the [[Tapti River|Tapi River]] in [[Dhule district]].
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Khandesh region.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Blue: Khandesh in Maharashtra <br>
Light Blue: Khandesh in Madhya Pradesh (Burhanpur)
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]] and [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Districts
| subdivision_name2 = 1] [[Jalgaon]]<br />2] [[Dhule]]<br />3]
[[Nandurbar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Largest City
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jalgaon]]
| subdivision_type4 = Languages
| subdivision_name4 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]

| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title = 
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
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| area_total_ha =
| area_land_ha =
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| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_blank1_ha =
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| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 240
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Khandeshi
| population_note =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
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| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:India Khandesh locator map.svg|thumb|Area comprising the Khandesh region of Maharashtra.]]

'''Khandesh''' is a geographic region in [[Central India]], which forms the northwestern portion of [[Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khandesh.com/info/ |title=Welcome to Khandesh! |publisher=Khandesh.com |access-date=2010-08-01}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Khandesh lies in [[Central India]] on the northwestern corner of the [[Deccan Plateau]], in the valley of the [[Tapti River|Tapi River]]. It is bounded to the north by the [[Satpura Range]], to the east by the [[Berar Division|Berar]] ([[Amravati division|Varhad]]) region, to the south by the Hills of Ajanta (belonging to the Marathwada region of Maharashtra), and to the west by the northernmost ranges of the [[Western Ghats]].

The principal natural feature is the [[Tapi River, India|Tapi River]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of the Deccan, whose rivers rise in the Western Ghats and flow eastward to the [[Bay of Bengal]], the Tapi flows westward from headwaters in southern Madhya Pradesh to empty into the [[Arabian Sea]]. The Tapi receives thirteen principal tributaries in its course through Khandesh. None of these rivers is navigable, and the Tapi flows in a deep bed which historically made it difficult to use for irrigation. Most of Khandesh lies south of the Tapi and is drained by its tributaries: the [[Girna River|Girna]], [[Bori River|Bori]] and [[Panzara|Panjhra]]. The alluvial plain north of the Tapi contains some of the richest tracts in Khandesh, and the land rises towards the Satpuda hills. In the centre and east, the country is level, save for some low ranges of barren hills. To the north and west, the plain rises into rugged hills, thickly wooded, and inhabited by the tribal [[Bhil]] people.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Khandesh, East and West|volume=15|page=771}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Delhi dynasties ===
In 1295, Khandesh was under the [[Chauhan]] ruler of [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]] when [[Ala-ud-din Khilji]] of Delhi wrested control.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001869096|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India|publisher=Superintendent of Government Printing|year=1909|volume=Provincial Series: Bombay Presidency Vol. 1|location=Calcutta}}</ref>{{Rp|418}} Various Delhi dynasties controlled Khandesh over the next century.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} From 1370 to 1600, the [[Faruqi dynasty]] ruled Khandesh with the capital at [[Burhanpur]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} The foundation of Khandesh as an independent kingdom was laid by [[Farooqi dynasty#Malik Raja|Malik Raja]], son of Khanjahan Faurki. [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] (1309{{snd}}20 September 1388) had initially appointed Malik Raja as the commander-in-chief of Khandesh region, but he declared himself independent after the death of Firoz Tughlaq and ruled until 1399.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Atlas|last=Goyal|first=S. P.|publisher=Upkar|isbn=978-81-7482-752-4|location=Agra|pages=68}}</ref>

=== Mughal rule ===
The [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] arrived in 1599, when Akbar's army overran Khandesh and captured [[Asirgarh Fort|Asirgarh]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} For a period of time, Khandesh was renamed as Dandesh in recognition of Akbar's son [[Daniyal Mirza|Daniyal]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbUBAAAAYAAJ|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1880|volume=Volume XII: Khandesh|location=Bombay}}</ref>[[Daniyal|{{Rp|248}}]] {{circa|1640}}, [[Todar Mal]]'s revenue settlement system was introduced in Khandesh by [[Shah Jahan]] (this system was used until British rule in 1818).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} The mid-17th century has been described as the time of Khandesh's "highest prosperity" owing to trade in cotton, rice, indigo, sugarcane, and cloth.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|250}} Mughal rule lasted until the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]] captured Asirgarh in 1760.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}}

=== Maratha rule ===
Maratha raids into Khandesh began in 1670 and the following century was a period of unrest as Mughals and Marathas competed for control.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} In 1760, the [[Peshwa]] ousted the Mughal ruler and gained control of Khandesh, following which portions were granted to [[Holkar]] and [[Scindia]] rulers.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|418}} [[Baji Rao II]] surrendered to the British in June 1818, but sporadic war continued in Khandesh which was among the last of the Peshwa's former territories to come under complete [[British Raj|British control]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79sS_w_bOQYC|title=John Briggs in Maharashtra: A Study of District Administration Under Early British Rule|last=Deshpande|first=Arvind M.|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=1987|location=Delhi}}</ref>{{Rp|9}}

=== British rule ===
[[File:KhandeshDistrict-1878.png|thumb|Khandesh District (1878)]]
Khandesh was a district in the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2014/pres2014-0779-1911-07-01.pdf|title=Census of India, 1911|publisher=Government Central Press|year=1912|volume=Volume VII, Bombay: Part 1, Report|location=Bombay|pages=1}}</ref> In 1906, the district was divided into two districts: East Khandesh, headquartered at [[Jalgaon]], had an area of {{convert|4544|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}}, while West Khandesh, headquartered at [[Dhule]], had an area of {{convert|5497|sqmi|abbr=on|order=flip}}; their respective populations were 957,728 and 469,654 in 1901.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.khandesh.com/info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46:khandesh-information&catid=29:overview&Itemid=37 |title=Khandesh |publisher=Khandesh |access-date=2010-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021065919/http://www.khandesh.com/info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46:khandesh-information&catid=29:overview&Itemid=37 |archive-date=21 October 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Independent India ===
After India's independence in 1947, Bombay province became [[Bombay State]], and in 1960 was divided into the linguistic states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. East Khandesh became [[Jalgaon district]], and West Khandesh became [[Dhule district]], both in Maharashtra state.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Commercial Activities and Rural Development in South Asia: A Geographical Study|last=Jamkar|first=A.G.|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1988|isbn=81-7022-194-3|editor-last=Shrivastava|editor-first=V.K.|location=New Delhi|pages=134|chapter=Origin and Evolution of Periodic Market Places in Dhule District (Maharashtra)}}</ref> The latter was further divided into [[Dhule district|Dhule]] and [[Nandurbar district]]s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=An Inventory on Agrobiodiversity and Homestead Gardens in Tribal Tehsils of Khandesh Maharashtra|last=Patil|first=M.V.|publisher=North Maharashtra University|year=2015|pages=Chapter 6–1|hdl = 10603/136532}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Khandesh Agency]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_231.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 225-240]

{{coord|21|N|75|E|region:IN_type:adm2nd_source:dewiki|display=title}}
{{Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Historical regions]]
[[Category:Regions of Maharashtra]]

Khandesh - Revision history

KristiBruno654: adjusted lead per standard format and fixed typos per sources

imported>SierraTangoCharlie1: Reverted 1 edit by 103.200.106.142 (talk): Unconstructive edits