Khamas (raga) - Revision history

Igurushivamy at 10:27, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T10:27:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 29 March 2026
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			{{Short description\|Janya raga of Carnatic music}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
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	}}		}}
	{{Carnatic}}		{{Carnatic}}
	'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi''' ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.		'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi''' ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)'''''' ಖಮಾಚ್''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

	It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)\|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />		It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)\|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />

	== Structure and ~~Lakshana~~ ==		== Structure and lakshana ==
	[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]		[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]

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	*[[Avarohana\|{{IAST\|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC\|S'\|N2\|D2\|P\|M1\|G3\|R2\|S\|foot=yes}}		*[[Avarohana\|{{IAST\|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC\|S'\|N2\|D2\|P\|M1\|G3\|R2\|S\|foot=yes}}

	The notes used in this scale are ''~~shadjam~~, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music\|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].		The notes used in this scale are ''shadjamam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music\|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].

	==Alternate versions==		==Alternate versions==
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	==Popular compositions==		==Popular compositions==
	There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' ~~rāgam~~. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)\|~~kritis~~]]'' composed in this ~~ragam~~.		There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' [[Raga]]. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)\|Kriti]]s'', ''[[Thillana]]s,'' ''[[Varnam]]s'', ''[[Swarajati]]s'', ''Padams'' and [[Carnatic music\|Javalis]] composed in this [[Raga]].
	*''~~Santana~~-~~gopala krishnam~~'', ''~~shadanane sakalam arpayami~~'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
	*''Sujana ~~jeevana~~'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]		*''Sambhashiva([[Swarajati]])'' by Chinnikrishna Dasar
	*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu ~~niliso~~'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]		*''Edho Paramukham([[Swarajati]])'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]
	*''Maatada Baradeno'' By Bangalore Nagarathnamma		*''Mate Malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate(Daru[[varnam]])'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
	*''Rama ~~jogi mandu~~'', ''Ivela Nannu ~~brovara~~'' and ''Rama ~~rara~~'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]		*''Samiyai Azhaittu Vaadi(Pada[[varnam]])'' and ''Sami Ni Rammanave(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Ponniah Pillai of the [[Thanjavur Quartet]]
	*''~~Entaninne~~'' ~~by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]~~		*''Entaninne(Pada[[varnam]])'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
	*''~~[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]~~'' and ''Intha ~~paraakaelanayya~~'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.		*''Sa vama rusha yatu(Pada[[varnam]]), Sarasa-sama-mukha([[Krithi]]), Sreesha Padmanabha Pahi([[Krithi]]) and Palayamamayi bho shrikanthesha([[Krithi]])'' by Maharaja [[Swathi Thirunal]]
	*''~~Idathu padam thookki~~'' by [[~~Papanasam Sivan~~]]		*''Velanai Kaanbom (Pada[[varnam]]) an Velanai Ninainthal([[Krithi]])'' by Muthuswami Kavi
	*''[[~~Tham Tham Tham - Thillana~~]]'' by [[~~Patnam Subramania Iyer~~]]		*''Vesariti Neeve(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
	*''~~Dholayam chala Dholayam chala~~'' by [[~~Annamacharya~~]]		*''Ma Mohalahiri(Pada[[varnam]])'' by Kadigal Namachivaaya Pulavar
	*''~~Upendram ashrayami santatam~~'' by [[~~Mysore Vasudevachar~~]]ya		*''Santanagopala Krishnam'', ''Danda Nathaya'', ''Shadanane Sakalamarpayami'', ''Sri Swaminathaya Namaste'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
	*''~~Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate~~'' by [[~~Muthiah Bhagavatar~~]]		*''Sujana Jeevana'', ''Laali Laaliyani'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
	*''Shambho ~~mahadeva chandrachuda~~'' by Parameswara ~~Bhagavatar~~		*''Manasa Ramuni Maravakave'' by [[Venkataramana Bhagavathar]]
	*''Saraswati ~~sarasa~~-vani ~~sarasija~~-bhavunikki-rani~~'' by Varadadasar~~		*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu Niliso'' and ''Palise Enna'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
	*''Sarasa-sama-mukha'', ''palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha'' by [[~~Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma\|Swathi Tirunal~~]]		*''Theruvatheppo'' by [[Neelakanta Sivan]]
	*''Jayati ~~jayati bharata-mata~~'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri\|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]		*''Theruvil Varano(Padam)'' by [[Muthu Thandavar]]
			*''Maatada Baradeno(Jaavali)'' By [[Bangalore Nagarathnamma]]
			*''Aapaduraku (Jaavali)'' By [[Pattabhiramayya\|Pattbhiramayya]]
			*''Rama Jogi Mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu Brovara'' and ''Rama Rara'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
			*''Brochevaarevarura'', ''Upendram Ashrayami Santatam'' and ''Intha Paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
			*''Konji Konji Vaa Guhane Murugane'' by [[Periyasaamy Thooran]]
			*''Idathu Padam Thookki'', ''Thiruvalar Mayilaiyin'', ''Senthil Valar Sevalane'', ''Kadaikkan Paarvai'' and ''Rama Naama Amrutha Paaname'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
			*''Amba Ninnu Korina'' by Dr. [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
			*''[[Tillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
			*''[[Tillana]]'' by Dr. [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]
			*''Dholayam Chala Dholayam Chala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
			*''Shambho Mahadeva Chandrachuda'' by [[Palghat Parameswara Bhagavathar]]
			*''Saraswati Sarasa-vani Sarasija-bhavunikki-rani'' by [[M. D. Ramanathan]]
			*''Jayati Jayati Bharata Mata'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri\|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]

	==Film Compositions==		==Film Compositions==
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	\|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]		\|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|Kootathilae Kovil Pura((Karnataka Khamas Based)		\|Kootathilae Kovil Pura(Karnataka Khamas Based)
	\|[[Idaya Kovil]]		\|[[Idaya Kovil]]
	\|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]		\|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Uyirum Neeye		\|Uyirum Neeye
	\|[[Pavithra]]		\|[[Pavithra (film)\|Pavithra]]
	\|rowspan="3"\|[[A. R. Rahman]]		\|rowspan="2"\|[[A. R. Rahman]]
	~~\|rowspan="2"~~\|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]		\|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
	\|-
	~~\|Sakiyae Nee~~
	~~\|rowspan=2\|[[Anthimanthaarai~~]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu		\|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
			\|[[Anthimanthaarai]]
	\|[[Swarnalatha]]		\|[[Swarnalatha]]
			\|-
			\| Poo Poovaa
			\| [[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]
			\| [[Deva (composer)\|Deva]]
			\| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]]
			\|-
			\| Sokka Naanum Nikkuren
			\| [[Boat (2024 film)\|Boat]]
			\| [[Ghibran]]
			\| [[Sudha Raghunathan]]
	\|}		\|}

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	==References==		==References==
			{{Portal\|India\|Music}}
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T08:44:59Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 14 August 2023
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	==References==		==References==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

49.206.46.95: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-05-07T06:27:50Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 7 May 2022
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	*[[Avarohana\|{{IAST\|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC\|S'\|N2\|D2\|P\|M1\|G3\|R2\|S\|foot=yes}}		*[[Avarohana\|{{IAST\|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC\|S'\|N2\|D2\|P\|M1\|G3\|R2\|S\|foot=yes}}

	The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#~~Swaras~~ in Carnatic music\|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].		The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music\|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].

	==Alternate versions==		==Alternate versions==
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	==Popular compositions==		==Popular compositions==
	There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[~~kriti~~]]s'' composed in this ragam.		There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[Kriti (music)\|kritis]]'' composed in this ragam.
	*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]		*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
	*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]		*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
			*''Dooru Maduvarene'', ''Mooruthiyanu niliso'' By [[Purandara Dasa]]
			*''Maatada Baradeno'' By Bangalore Nagarathnamma
			*''Rama jogi mandu'', ''Ivela Nannu brovara'' and ''Rama rara'' by [[Bhadrachala Ramadasu]]
	*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]		*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
	*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.		*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
	*''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]		*''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
	*''[[Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]		*''[[Tham Tham Tham - Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
	*''~~Dolayam cala Dolayam cala~~'' by [[Annamacharya]]		*''Dholayam chala Dholayam chala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
	*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya		*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
	*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]		*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
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	\|-		\|-
	\|Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based)		\|Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based)
	\|~~Komberimookan~~		\|[[Komberi Mookan]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|Margazhi Matham		\|Margazhi Matham
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	\|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu		\|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
	\|[[Swarnalatha]]		\|[[Swarnalatha]]
	\|-
	~~\| Poo Poovaa~~
	~~\| [[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]~~
	~~\| [[Deva (composer)\|Deva]]~~
	~~\| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]]~~
	\|}		\|}

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	{{Janya\|state=collapsed}}		{{Janya\|state=collapsed}}

	[[Category:Janya ~~Ragas~~]]		[[Category:Janya ragas]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Khamas
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|M1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent =
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Khamas'''<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> or '''Kamās'''/ '''Khamās''' /'''Khamāch'''/ '''Khamāj''' / '''Kamāchi''' ('''கமாச்''') '''(ఖమాస్/కమాచి)''' <span lang="te" dir="ltr">is</span> a [[rāga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th ''[[melakarta]]'' scale ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. It is a ''janya'' scale, as it does not have all the seven ''[[swara]]s'' (musical notes) in the ascending scale.

It is a scale that evokes ''Shringara [[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]''.<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> It is suitable for ''javali'' type compositions.<ref name="raganidhi" />

== Structure and Lakshana ==
[[File:Harikambhoji scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|Parent scale ''Harikambhoji'' with ''shadjam'' at C]]

''Khamas'' is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain ''rishabham'' in the ascending scale. It is a ''vakra-shadava-sampurna'' rāgam (''vakra-shadava'', meaning 6 notes in ascending scale with zig-zag moves).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|M1|G3|M1|P|D2|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are ''shadjam, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, chathusruthi dhaivatam'' and ''kaisiki nishadham'' in ascending scale, with ''chathusruthi rishabham'' included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]].

==Alternate versions==
Originally, ''Khamas'' was an ''upanga raga'' (uses only the notes in the parent scale). Later with the usage in ''javalis'' and other later compositions, the ''bhashanga'' type of ''Khamas'' came into use (using notes external to the scale).<ref name="ragas" /> ''Kakali nishadam'' (N3) is introduced as ''anya swara'' (external note) occasionally.<ref name="ragas" />

According to [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of music, ''Khamas'' is a ''[[sampurna raga]]'' with no zig-zag notes (no ''vakra'' usage).<ref name="ragas" /><ref name="raganidhi" />

Khamāj (खमाज) of Hindustani Music closely resembles Khamas raga. The Hindi film song ‘Tere Mere Milan Ki’ from the movie Abhimaan is based on Khamaj.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/endearing-khamas/article4746020.ece Hindustani music's equivalent of Khamas Raga]</ref>

==Popular compositions==
There are many compositions set to ''Khamas'' rāgam. Here are some popular ''[[kriti]]s'' composed in this ragam.
*''Santana-gopala krishnam'', ''shadanane sakalam arpayami'' and ''Sarasa Dala Nayana'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
*''Sujana jeevana'' and ''Seethapathe'' composed by [[Tyagaraja]]
*''Entaninne'' by [[Subbarama Dikshitar]]
*''[[Broche vaarevaru ra]]'' and ''Intha paraakaelanayya'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]], whose use of N3 in his compositions in this raga is particularly noteworthy.
*''Idathu padam thookki'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
*''[[Thillana]]'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
*''Dolayam cala Dolayam cala'' by [[Annamacharya]]
*''Upendram ashrayami santatam'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
*''Mate malaya-dhvaja pandya-sanjate'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
*''Shambho mahadeva chandrachuda'' by Parameswara Bhagavatar
*''Saraswati sarasa-vani sarasija-bhavunikki-rani'' by Varadadasar
*''Sarasa-sama-mukha'', ''palaya mamayi bho shrikanthesha'' by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Tirunal]]
*''Jayati jayati bharata-mata'' by [[Viswanatha Sastri|Mayuram Vishvanatha shastri]]

==Film Compositions==
===Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Orunaal Oru Pozhuthu
|[[Thiruneelakantar]]
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|rowspan=2|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Maanida Jenmam Meendum Vandhidumo
|[[Raja Mukthi]]
|[[C. R. Subburaman]]
|-
|Naan Pesa Vanthen
|Palloti Valartha Killi
|rowspan="6"|[[Illayaraja]]
|rowspan="3"|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Pallaviye Charanam
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
|-
|Roja Ondru Mutham(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|Komberimookan
|-
|Margazhi Matham
|Panjami(Unreleased Movie)
|[[S. Janaki]], [[T. V. Gopalakrishnan]]
|-
|Kootathilae Kovil Pura((Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Idaya Kovil]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Ponnil Vaanam(Karnataka Khamas Based)
|[[Villu Pattukaran]]
|[[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Uyirum Neeye
|[[Pavithra]]
|rowspan="3"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|rowspan="2"|[[P. Unnikrishnan]]
|-
|Sakiyae Nee
|rowspan=2|[[Anthimanthaarai]]
|-
|Oru Naal Oru Pozhudu
|[[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| Poo Poovaa
| [[Unnai Kann Theduthey]]
| [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Febi Mani]]
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Janya Ragas]]