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{{Short description|Muhammad's first wife (c. 555–619)}}
{{About|the wife of Muhammad|the name Khadija|Khadija (name)|other uses|Khadija (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Khadijah bint Khuwaylid {{small|[[Muhammad's wives|Mother of the Believers]]}}
| native_name = {{lang|ar|خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد}}
| birth_date = {{circa}} 555<ref name=DOB/> or 567
| birth_place = [[Makkah]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabia]] {{small|(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}
| death_date = 10 Ramadan [[Islamic Calendar|BH]] 3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-muhammad-and-early-years-his|last=Sayyid Ali Ashgar Razwy|title=The Birth of Muhammad and the Early Years of his Life|date=10 November 2013 |access-date=7 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010085550/https://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-muhammad-and-early-years-his|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> {{Circa}} {{Death date and age|619|555|df=yes}}
| death_place = Makkah, Hejaz
| resting_place = [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]], Makkah
| title = {{ubl|Ameerat-Quraysh|al-Tahirah}}
| known_for = [[Wives of Muhammad|First wife]] of [[Muhammad]]
| other_names = Khadīja al-Kubra
| spouse = [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]
| children = '''''Sons'':'''{{bulleted list|[[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]]
|[[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad|Abdullah]]}}'''''Daughters'':'''{{bulleted list|[[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Fatimah]]}}{{bulleted list|[[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]]}}{{bulleted list|[[Ruqayya bint Muhammad|Ruqayya]]}}{{bulleted list|[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]]}}
| father = [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]]
| mother = Fatimah bint Za'idah
| relatives = '''''Grandsons'':'''{{bulleted list|[[Hasan ibn Ali]]|[[Husayn ibn Ali]]|[[Abd Allah ibn Uthman]]|[[Ali ibn Abi al-As]]}}
 '''''Granddaughters'':'''{{bulleted list|[[Umama bint Abi al-As]]||[[Zaynab bint Ali]]|[[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]}}
 '''''Cousin'':'''{{ubl|[[Waraqah ibn Nawfal]]}}
| family = [[Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza|Banu Asad]] (by birth) [[Ahl al-Bayt]] (by marriage)
}}

'''Khadijah bint Khuwaylid''' ({{lang-ar|خَدِيجَة بِنْت خُوَيْلِد|Khadīja bint Khuwaylid}}, {{circa}} 555<ref name=DOB>{{cite web
|url=http://icraa.org/the-age-of-khadija-at-the-time-of-her-marriage-with-the-prophet/|title=The Age of Khadija at the Time of her Marriage with the Prophet: Abstract |first=Waqar Akbar |last=Cheema |date=4 December 2017 |access-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415013002/http://icraa.org/the-age-of-khadija-at-the-time-of-her-marriage-with-the-prophet/|url-status=live |archive-date=15 April 2019}}</ref> – November 619 [[Common era|CE]]) was the [[Muhammad's wives|first wife]] and the first [[Ummah|follower]] of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. Khadija was the daughter of [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]], a notable of the [[Quraysh]] tribe in [[Makkah]] and a successful merchant.

Khadija is often referred to by [[Muslim]]s as "[[The Mother of Believers]]". In [[Islam]], she is an important female figure as one of the four 'ladies of heaven', alongside [[Asiya]], [[Mary in Islam|Maryam]], and her daughter [[Fatimah]].<ref name="EoQ">Encyclopaedia of the Quran. Leidan: [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], 2001. Print.</ref> [[Muhammad]] was monogamously married to her for 25 years.
[[File:Ancestors Khadija (AS).jpg|thumb|Ancestors of Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife, Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]

Khadija's mother, Fatima bint Za'idah, who died in 575,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__9KDwAAQBAJ&q=Fatima+bint+Za%27idah%2C+who+died+around+575&pg=PA452| title=The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History | first1=Scott E. | last1=Hendrix | first2=Uchenna | last2=Okeja | isbn=9781440841385| publisher=ABC-CLIO | date=2018 | page=452 | access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> was a member of the Amir ibn Luayy clan of the Quraysh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/khadija/5.htm|title=Chapter 2: Early Life|website=Al-Islam.org|access-date=2009-09-09|archive-date=2002-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020504161810/http://www.al-islam.org/khadija/5.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a third cousin of Muhammad's mother.<ref>{{cite book|first=S.M.|last=Haq|title=Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir, vol. 1.|page=54}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= The Women of Madina |page= 9 |publisher= Ta-Ha Publishers}}</ref>

Khadija's father, [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad]], was a merchant<ref name="Benedikt 2014">{{Cite book|last=Benedikt|first=Koehler|title=Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014}}</ref> and leader. According to some accounts, he died {{Circa|585}} in the [[Fijar Wars|Sacrilegious War]], but according to others, he was still alive when Khadija married Muhammad in 595.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|publisher=Oxford|page=83}}</ref><ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', pp. 148–149. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.</ref> Khuwaylid also had a sister named Ume Habib binte Asad.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'd's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', p. 54. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.</ref>

== Profession ==
Khadija was a very successful merchant. It is said that when the Quraysh's trade caravan travellers gathered to embark upon their summer journey to [[Syria (region)|Syria]] or winter journey to [[Yemen]], Khadija's caravan equaled the caravans of all other traders of the Quraysh put together.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'', p. 10. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref> Khadija was given many honorifics, including 'The Pious One', 'Princess of Quraysh' (''Ameerat-Quraysh''), and 'Khadija the Great' (''Khadija al-Kubra'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZbFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|last = van Gorder|first = A Christian|title = Islam, Peace and Social Justice: A Christian Perspective|date = 2014|location = Cambridge|page = 162|isbn = 978-0-227-17422-7|access-date = 2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202736/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EZbFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|archive-date = 2018-02-17|url-status = live}}</ref> It is said that she fed and clothed the poor, assisted her relatives financially, and provided marriage portions for poor relations.<ref name=":0" /> Khadija was said to have [[Hanif|neither believed in nor worshipped]] [[Taghut|idols]], which was atypical for [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n culture.<ref name="Yasin T. al-Jibouri">{{cite web|author=Yasin T. al-Jibouri|title=Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad|date=20 January 2013 |url=https://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri|publisher=[[Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project]]|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042147/https://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=live}} "One particular quality in Khadija was quite interesting, probably more so than any of her other qualities mentioned above: She believed in nor worshipped idols."</ref>

Khadija did not travel with her trade caravans; instead, she employed others to trade on her behalf for a commission. In 595 Khadija needed a co-worker for a transaction in Syria. She hired [[Muhammad]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abdullah]], then 25 years old, for the trade in Syria, sending word that she would pay to double her usual commission.<ref>Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 1. Translated by Haq, S. M. ''Ibn Sa'ad's Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'', p. 145–146. Delhi: Kitab Bhavan.</ref> With the permission of [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib ibn Muttalib]], his uncle, Muhammad was sent to Syria with one of Khadija's servants. This caravan experience earned Muhammad the honorifics of ''al-Sadiq'' ('the Truthful') and al-Amin'' ('the Trustworthy' or 'the Honest').<ref>Martin Lings, ''Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources'', p. 33–34.</ref>

She sent one of her servants, Maysarah, to assist him. Upon returning, Maysarah gave accounts of the honourable way in which Muhammad had conducted his business, bringing back twice as much profit as Khadija had expected.<ref name="Guillaume">{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|year=1955|publisher=Oxford|page=83}}</ref>

== Differing views on previous marriages ==

=== Shia version ===
Ibn Shahrashub quoted from al-Sayyid al-Murtada in ''al-Shafi'' and al-Shaykh al-Tusi in ''al-Talkhis,'' that Khadija was a virgin when she married Muhammad.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Manaqib Al Abi Talib|last=Ibn Shahrashub|pages=Vol. 1, P. 159}}</ref> Considering the cultural and intellectual situation in Hijaz, and the high position and status Khadija al-Kubra enjoyed, among other people, it is improbable that she would have married men from Banu Tamim or Banu Makhzum (the two 'low' tribes).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi|last=Amili|pages=Vol. 2, P. 123}}</ref>
Some believe the two children attributed to Khadija were the children of Hala, Khadija's brothers. After the death of Hala's husband, Khadija took care of Hala and (after Hala's own death) Hala's children.<ref>{{Cite book| title=Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi| last=Amili| pages=Vol. 2, P. 125}}</ref>

=== Sunni version ===
Khadija married three times and had children from all her marriages. While the order of her marriages is debated, it is generally believed that she first married Atiq ibn 'A'idh ibn' Abdullah Al-Makhzumi, followed by Malik ibn Nabash ibn Zargari ibn at-Tamimi.<ref name="al-Tabari 1990">{{cite book|url=http://www.muslim-library.com/books/2019/05/en_Tabari_Volume_09.pdf|last=al-Tabari (trans. Ismail K Poona Walla)|title=Volume 9: The Last Years of the Prophet|year=1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=0-88706-691-7|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206172208/http://www.muslim-library.com/books/2019/05/en_Tabari_Volume_09.pdf|archive-date=2020-02-06|url-status=live}}</ref> To Atiq, Khadija bore a daughter named Hindah. This marriage left Khadija a widow.<ref name="trof">{{cite web |title=Khadija bint Khuwaylid |url=http://treeoffaith.com/#/khadijah-bint-khuwaylid/4537884462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407055050/http://treeoffaith.com/#/khadijah-bint-khuwaylid/4537884462 |archive-date=2012-04-07 |website=Tree of Faith}}</ref> With Malik, she had two daughters, who were named Hala and Hind.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Khadija |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/khadidja-SIM_4116 |last=Watt |first=Montgomery W. |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=Second |editor=P. Bearman |display-editors=etal |date=2012 |access-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626165132/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/khadidja-SIM_4116 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live }} (First print edition: {{ISBN|9789004161214}}, 1960-2007).</ref> Malik also left Khadija a widow, dying before his business became a success.<ref name="womanislam">{{cite web |website=Islam's Women |url=http://www.islamswomen.com/articles/khadijah_bint_khuwaylid.php|title=Khadijah bint Khuwaylid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318150741/http://islamswomen.com/articles/khadijah_bint_khuwaylid.php|archive-date=18 March 2019}}</ref> Khadija subsequently proposed to Muhammad.<ref name="Guillaume" />

==Marriage to Muhammad==
Khadija entrusted a friend named Nafisa to approach Muhammad and ask if he would consider marriage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lings|title=Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest iiiiSources|year=1983|publisher=Inner Traditions Internationalist|location=New York|page=83}}</ref> When Muhammad hesitated because he had no money to support a wife, Nafisa asked if he would consider marriage to a woman who had the means to provide for herself.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lings|title=Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources|year=1983|publisher=Inner Traditions Internationalist}}</ref> Muhammad agreed to meet with Khadija, and after this meeting they consulted their respective uncles. The uncles agreed to the marriage, and Muhammad's uncles accompanied him to make a formal proposal to Khadija.<ref name="Guillaume"/> It is disputed whether it was [[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib]], Abu Talib, or both who accompanied Muhammad on this errand.<ref name="trof"/> Khadija's uncle accepted the proposal, and the marriage took place. At the time of the marriage Muhammad was around 23 to 25 years old.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ibn Ishaq|author-link1=Ibn Ishaq|title=Mustadrak Al-Hakim|page=182|volume=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Ibn Sa'd|author-link1=Ibn Sa'd|title=Tabaqat al-Kubra|language=ar|volume=8|quote=أخبرنا هشام بن محمد بن السائب عن أبيه عن أبي صالح عن ابن عباس قال:كانت خديجة يوم تزوجها رسول الله – صلى الله عليه وسلم – ابنة ثمان وعشرين سنة}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Abu ‘Abdullah Al-Hakim|author-link1=Al-Hakim Nishapuri|title=al-Mustadrak|language=ar|volume=3|quote=عن محمد بن إسحاق، أن أبا طالب وخديجة بنت خويلد هلكا في عام واحد، وذلك قبل مهاجر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة بثلاث سنين، ودفنت خديجة بالحجون، ونزل في قبرها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وكان لها يوم تزوجها ثمان وعشرون سنة}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Muhammad|first=Ibn Sa’d|title=Tabaqat al-Kubra|pages=Vol.8, 13}}</ref>
Khadija was 40 years old at that time according to some sources.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Al Sahih Min Sirat Al Nabi|last=Amili|pages=Vol. 2, P. 114}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Mustadrak Al Hakim|last=Ibn Ishaq|pages=3. p. 182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Al Tabaqat Al Kubra|last=Ibn Saad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Al Mustadarak|last=Abo Abdullah Al Hakim}}</ref> However, other sources claim that she was aged approximately 28 or 30 during the marriage.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Al Tabaqat Al Kubra|last=Ibn Saad|pages=Vol.8 page 13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=al-Mustadrak |last= Al-Hakim Abu‘Abdullah|pages= Vol.3, 200 No. 4837}}</ref>
===Children===
{{Main|Children of Muhammad}}
Muhammad and Khadija may have had six or eight children.<ref name="womanislam" /> (Sources disagree about number of children: [[Al-Tabari]] names eight; the earliest biography of Muhammad by [[Ibn Ishaq]], names seven children; most sources only identify six).<ref name="al-Tabari 1990" />

Their first son was [[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]], who died after his third birthday<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gw.geneanet.org/gilenob?lang=en&n=muhammad&oc=0&p=qasim+ibn|last=Barboza|first=Gileno|title=Qasim ibn Muhammad|website=Geneanet|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.kalamullah.com/Books/Noble%20Life%20of%20The%20Prophet.pdf|last=As-Sallaabee|first=Dr 'Ali Muhammad (trans. Faisal Shafeeq|title=The noble life of the Prophet|volume=1|date=2001|page=107|access-date=2020-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325072916/http://kalamullah.com/Books/Noble%20Life%20of%20The%20Prophet.pdf|archive-date=2015-03-25|url-status=live}}</ref> (hence Muhammad's ''kunya'' Abu Qasim). Khadija then gave birth to their daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Kulthum and Fatima; and lastly to their son [[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad|Abd Allah]]. Abd Allah was known as ''at-Tayyib'' ('the Good') and ''at-Tahir'' ('the Pure'). Abd-Allah also died in childhood.<ref name="womanislam" />

Two other children also lived in Khadija's household: [[Ali|Ali ibn Abi Talib]], the son of Muhammad's uncle; and [[Zayd ibn Harithah]], a boy from the [[Kalb]] tribe who had been kidnapped and sold into slavery. Zayd was a slave in Khadija's household for several years, until his father came to Mecca to take him home. Muhammad insisted that Zayd be given a choice about where he lived, and Zayd decided to remain where he was, after which Muhammad legally adopted Zayd as his own son.<ref name="trof" />

==Becoming the first follower of Muhammad==
[[File:Khadija al-Kubra.jpg|200px|thumbnail|A fictive medal of Khadijah seen in ''[[Promptuarii iconum insigniorum]]'' - 1553|left]]

According to the traditional Sunni narrative, when Muhammad reported his first revelation from the [[Angel]] [[Gabriel]] ([[Holy Spirit (Islam)|Jibril]]), Khadija was the [[Timing of Sahaba becoming Muslims|first person]] to accept Al-Haqq The Truth i.e. she accepted Islam.<ref name="Guillaume 111">{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|publisher=Oxford|page=111}}</ref> After his experience in the cave of [[Cave of Hira|Hira]], Muhammad returned home to Khadija in a state of terror, pleading for her to cover him with a blanket. After calming down, he described the encounter to Khadija, who comforted him with the words that Allah would surely protect him from any danger, and would never allow anyone to revile him as he was a man of peace and reconciliation and always extended the hand of friendship to all.<ref name="womanislam"/> According to some sources, it was Khadija's cousin, [[Waraqah ibn Nawfal]], who confirmed Muhammad's [[prophethood]] soon afterwards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri|last=Al-Jibouri|first=Yasin T|title=Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad|website=Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project|date=2020|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424182620/https://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri|archive-date=24 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Yahya ibn `Afeef is quoted saying that he once came, during the period of ''[[Jahiliyyah]]'' (before the advent of Islam), to Makkah to be hosted by [['Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib]], one of Muhammad's uncles mentioned above. 'When the sun started rising', he said, 'I saw a man who came out of a place not far from us, faced the [[Kaaba]] and started performing his prayers. He hardly started before being joined by a young boy who stood on his right side, then by a woman who stood behind them. When he bowed down, the young boy and the woman bowed, and when he stood up straight, they, too, did likewise. When he prostrated, they, too, prostrated.' He expressed his amazement at that, saying to Abbas: 'This is quite strange, O Abbas!' 'Is it, really?' responded al-Abbas. 'Do you know who he is?' Abbas asked his guest, who answered in the negative. 'He is Muhammad ibn Abdullah, my nephew. Do you know who the young boy is?' he asked again. 'No, indeed', answered the guest. 'He is Ali son of Abu Talib. Do you know who the woman is?' The answer came again in the negative, to which Abbas said, 'She is Khadija bint Khuwaylid, my nephew's wife.' This incident is included in the books of both [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]] and [[Tirmidhi|Al-Tirmidhi]], each detailing it in his own [[Hadith terminology#Ṣaḥīḥ|Ṣaḥīḥ]].

Khadija was supportive of Muhammad's prophetic mission, always helping in his work, proclaiming his message and belittling any opposition to his prophecies.<ref name="Guillaume 111"/> It was her encouragement that helped Muhammad believe in his mission and spread Islam.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Abbott|first=Nabia|author-link=Nabia Abbott|title=Women and the State in Early Islam|journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies|volume=1|issue=1|year=1942|publisher=The University of Chicago Press|pages=106–109|jstor=542352|doi=10.1086/370632|s2cid=162188874}}</ref> Khadija also invested her wealth in the mission. When the [[Polytheism|polytheists]] and aristocrats of the Quraysh harassed the Muslims, she used her money to ransom Muslim slaves and feed the Muslim community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/14.htm|title=The Economic and Social Boycott of the Banu Hashim|website=Al-Islam.org|access-date=2009-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109182031/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/14.htm|archive-date=2010-01-09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/15.htm|title=The Deaths of Khadija and Abu Talib|website=Al-Islam.org|access-date=2009-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109182113/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/15.htm|archive-date=2010-01-09|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 616, the Quraysh declared a trade boycott against the Hashim clan. They attacked, imprisoned and beat the Muslims, who sometimes went for days without food or drink.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|publisher=Oxford|page=143}}</ref> Khadija continued to maintain the community until the boycott was lifted in late 619 or early 620.<ref name="trof"/>

==Death==
[[File:Khadija tomb.jpg|thumb|Mausoleum of Khadija in [[Jannatul-Mu'alla]] in Makkah, before its destruction by [[Ibn Saud]] in the 1920s]]

Khadija died in '[[Ramadan]] of the year 10 after the Prophethood',<ref>{{Cite book|last=[[al-Tabari]]|url=https://archive.org/details/tabarivolume39/page/n191/mode/2up|title=History of Al-Tabari, Vol. 39|date=January 1998 |pages=161}}</ref> i.e., in November 619 CE. Muhammad later called this tenth year the '[[Year of Sorrow]]', as his uncle and protector Abu Talib also died at this time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|publisher=Oxford|page=191}}</ref> Khadija is said to have been about 65 years old at the time of her death.<ref name="The Death">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/khadija/15.htm|title=Chapter 12: The Death|website=Al-Islam.org|access-date=2009-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610084210/http://www.al-islam.org/khadija/15.htm|archive-date=2011-06-10|url-status=live}}</ref> She was buried in [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]] cemetery, in Makkah, [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="islamiat">Muhammad, Farkhanda Noor.[http://www.tomfolio.com/bookdetailssu.asp?b=81811&m=101 Islamiat for Students] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315005805/http://www.tomfolio.com/bookdetailssu.asp?b=81811&m=101 |date=2009-03-15 }}. Revised Edition 2000: pp. 74–75.</ref>

Another report from Muhammad bin Ishaq says that 'Abu Talib and Khadija bint Khuwaylid died in the same year. This was three years before the emigration of the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) to Medina. Khadija was buried in al-Hajun. The Messenger of Allah buried her in her grave. She was 40 years old when the Messenger of Allah married her.'<ref>{{Cite book|last=Al-Hakim|first=Abu ‘Abdullah|title=al-Mustadrak|pages=Vol.3, 200 No. 4837}}</ref>

In the years immediately following Khadija's death, Muhammad faced persecution from opponents of his message and also from some who originally followed him but had now turned back. Hostile tribes ridiculed and stoned him.<ref>{{cite book|last=Qasimi|first=Ja'Far|title=The Life, Traditions, and Sayings of the Prophet|year=1987|publisher=New York: Crossroad|pages=77–78}}</ref> Muhammad migrated to Yathrib ([[Medina]]) after Khadija's death.

{{Shia Islam}}

==Children and relatives==

===Sons===
* [[Qasim ibn Muhammad]], died in 601, after his third birthday.
* [[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad]], died in childhood in 615

===Daughters===
* [[Fatimah]] (605–632), although it is sometimes asserted that she was born during the first year of Muhammad's mission (610–611). She had the by-name 'The mother of her father', as she took over, caring for her father and being a support to her father once her mother died.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shariati|first=Ali|title=Ali Shariati's Fatima Is Fatima|year=1981|publisher=Shariati Foundation|location=Tehran, Iran}}</ref> She married Ali, who became the fourth caliph in 656. (According to early debate after the death of Muhammad, some would argue that Ali would be the proper succession to Muhammad.)<ref>{{cite book|last=Madelung|first=Wilferd|title=The Succession to Muhammad|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=52–53}}</ref> Ali and Fatimah moved to a small village in Ghoba after the marriage, but later moved back to Medina to live next door to Muhammad.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shariati|first=Ali|title=Ali Shariati's Fatima is Fatima|year=1981|publisher=Shariati Foundation|location=Tehran, Iran|page=148}}</ref> Muhammad forbade Ali to take additional wives, because 'What caused pain to his daughter grieved him as well.'<ref name="wiebke108">{{cite book|last=Walther|first=Wiebke|title=Women in Islam|year=1993|publisher=Markus Wiener Publishing Princeton & New York|page=108}}</ref> Fatima died six months after her father died. All of Muhammad's surviving descendants are by Fatima's children. Muhammad loved her two sons Hassan and Husayn, who would continue his heritage.<ref name="wiebke108" />
* [[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zaynab]] (599–629). She married her maternal cousin [[Abu al-As]] before [[Islamic New Year|al-Hijra]].<ref name="womanislam"/> Later lived with Muhammad. Her husband accepted Islam before her death in 629
* [[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]] (601–624). She was first married to [[Utbah ibn Abi Lahab]] and then to the future third [[caliph]], [[Uthman]].<ref name="womanislam"/>
* [[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]] (603–630). She was first married to [[Utaybah bin Abi Lahab]] and then, after the death of her sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman. She was childless.

====Sunni view====
The [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] scholar [[Yusuf ibn abd al-Barr]] says: "[[Children of Muhammad|His children]] born of Khadīja are four daughters; there is no difference of opinion about that."<ref name="Isti'ab_Yusuf">{{cite book |title=Al-Istī'āb fī Ma'rifat al-Aşĥāb Yusuf ibn Abd al-Barr (The Comprehensive Compilation of the Names of the Prophet's Companions) |volume=1 |page=50 |language=ar}}</ref>

The [[Quran]] (33:59)<ref>{{cite quran|33|59|s=nosup}}</ref> says: {{blockquote|"O Prophet! Say to ''azwājika'' ({{lang-ar|أَزْوَاجِكَ}}, your wives) and ''banātika'' ({{lang-ar|بَنَاتِكَ}}, your daughters) and the ''nisāʾil-muʾminīn'' ({{lang-ar|نِسَاءِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِيْن}}, women of the believers) ..."}}

====Shia view====
According to some [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]] sources, Khadija and Muhammad adopted two daughters of Halah, a sister of Khadija.<ref name="Al-Tijani">[[Muhammad al-Tijani|Al-Tijani]] in his [[The Shi'ah are (the real) Ahl al-Sunnah (book)|The Shi'ah are (the real) Ahl al-Sunnah]] on Al-Islam.org [http://www.rafed.net/books/other-lang/the-shia/18.html note 274] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504064909/http://www.rafed.net/books/other-lang/the-shia/18.html |date=2006-05-04 }}</ref> The Shi'i scholar Abu'l-Qasim al-Kufi writes:

{{blockquote|When the Messenger of Allah married Khadija, then some time thereafter Halah died leaving two daughters, one named Zaynab and the other named Ruqayyah and both of them were brought up by Muhammad and Khadija and they maintained them, and it was the custom before Islam that a child was assigned to whoever brought him up.<ref>al-Istighathah, p. 69.</ref>}}

# Hind bint Atiq. She married her paternal cousin, Sayfi ibn Umayya, and they had one son, Muhammad ibn Sayfi.<ref name="Saad, 1995 p. 9">Muhammad ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina'' p. 9. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref><ref>Tabari, ''Tarik al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors'' vol. 39 p. 161. New York: SUNY Press.</ref>
# Zaynab bint Abi Hala, who probably died in infancy.<ref name="Guillaume 792">{{cite book|last=Guillaume|title=The Life of Muhammad|publisher=Oxford|page=792}}</ref>
The adopted daughters attributed to Muhammad, by Shia sources, are:
# [[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zaynab]] (599–629). She married her maternal cousin [[Abu al-Aas ibn al-Rabee]] before [[Islamic New Year|al-Hijra]].<ref name="womanislam"/> Later lived with Muhammad. Her husband accepted Islam before her death in 629
# [[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]] (601–624). She was first married to [[Utbah ibn Abu Lahab]] and then to the future third [[caliph]] [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref name="womanislam"/>
# [[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]] (603–630). She was first married to [[Utaybah bin Abu Lahab]] and then, after the death of her sister Ruqayyah, to Uthman ibn Affan. She was childless.<ref name="womanislam"/><ref>{{cite web|last=Buhl|title=UmmKulthum|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/umm-kulthum-SIM_7719|access-date=2012-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084536/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/umm-kulthum-SIM_7719|archive-date=2014-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cousins===
* [[Ibn Umm Maktum]]
* [[Waraqah ibn Nawfal]] was the son of Nawfal b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Ḳuṣayy and Hind bt. Abī Kat̲h̲īr. Waraqah had been proposed to marry Khadija bint Khuwaylid, but the marriage never took place. Waraqah is noteworthy because he converted from polytheism to Christianity before [[Muhammad]]'s revelation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=C. F.|title=Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition|date=2012|isbn=9789004161214|url=http://fulla.augustana.edu:2177/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/waraka-b-nawfal-SIM_7863?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Waraka|access-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> [[Ibn Ishaq]] claims that Waraqah is also important because he plays a role in legitimizing [[Muhammad]]'s revelation.

'There has come to him', Waraḳa says, 'the greatest law that came to Moses; surely he is the prophet of this people.'<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ishaq|first1=Ibn|title=The Life of Muhammad|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi; New York|isbn=0196360331|edition=Reprint}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Islam|Biography}}
* [[Asiya]]
* [[Muhammad's wives]]
* [[Sumayyah bint Khayyat]]

==Her important descendants==
{{Quraysh tree}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}

{{Wives of Muhammad}}
{{Honoured women in Islam}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khuwaylid, Khadija Bint}}
[[Category:Khadija bint Khuwaylid| ]]
[[Category:555 births]]
[[Category:619 deaths]]
[[Category:Wives of Muhammad]]
[[Category:6th-century women]]
[[Category:7th-century merchants]]
[[Category:Banu Asad (Quraysh)]]
[[Category:Medieval businesswomen]]
[[Category:Arab businesspeople]]
[[Category:People from Mecca]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
[[Category:7th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:6th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Muslim female saints]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Mu'alla]]

Khadija bint Khuwaylid - Revision history

Rsingh: Minor edits and structural improvements

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article