->Chandan Guha: /* Infrastructure */

2021-10-20T16:46:51Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kersai
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|22.5283|N|84.2317|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Simdega district|Simdega]]
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 236.97
| population_total = 39218
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835223
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 0625
| registration_plate = JH 20
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 67.80%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Simdega (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Simdega]]
| website = {{URL|simdega.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kersai block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Simdega Sadar subdivision of [[Simdega district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
Gumla district was carved out of Ranchi district in 1983. Till 30 April 2001, Simdega was a subdivision of Gumla district and was made a separate district from that date.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://gumla.nic.in/about-district/ |title = Gumla |work = About district | publisher= Gumla district authorities| access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
According to a [[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] release in 2018, Simdega is one of the thirty districts most affected by [[Left wing extremism]] in the country (along with twelve other districts of Jharkhand). “The terrain of the district is very tough and geography is favourable for naxal activities.” All police stations in the district are well fortified and equipped to handle the situation. Community policing activities are being prioritised to involve the simple village folk.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/simdega | title = District Police Profile Simdega| work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web | url = https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181336 | title = Maoist and Naxal activities in the country| work = 1 August 2018| publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Hemant Soren]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against [[Far-left politics|Left wing extremism]], the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/26/presence-of-maoists-limited-to-only-four-regions-in-jharkhand-claims-cm-hemant-soren-2364060.html | title= Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren | publisher = The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021 | accessdate = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Simdega district lies in the south-western part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It has been described as “a dissected upland of ancient crystalline rocks” The general elevation of the district is {{convert|300 to 700|m}} above mean sea level. The landscape is formed of hills and undulating plateau. The Major rivers of this area are [[Sankh River|Sankh]], [[Deo River|Deo]], Girwa, and Palamara.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 8: Physical aspects |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhanhttp://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhand/Simdega.pdfd/Simdega.pdf |title = Ground Water Information Booklet Simdega District, Jharkhand State | work= 4. Hydrology |publisher= Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

Kersai CD block has an area of 236.97 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2022_PART_B_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>[[Kersai#Police station|Kersai]] police station serves Kersai CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/simdega| title= District Police Profile - Simdega |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Kersai CD block is located at [[Kersai]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Simdega district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

Kersai CD block is bounded by Duldula CD block in Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh on a portion of the north, [[Simdega block|Simdega]] CD block on portions of the north and east, [[Thethaitangar block|Thethaitangar]] and [[Bolba block|Bolba]] CD blocks on portions of the east, Subhdega and Balishankara CD blocks in Sundargarh district of Odisha on the south, and [[Kurdeg block|Kurdeg]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/simdega.html | title = Simdega CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/chhattisgarh/tehsil/jashpur.html | title = Jashpur CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/orissa/tehsil/sundargarh.html | title = Sundargarh CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kersai CD block had a total population of 39,218, all of which were rural. There were 19,582 (50%) males and 19,636 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 6,185. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 2,014 (5.14%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 31,505 (80.33%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kersai CD block was 22,397 (67.80% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 12,350 (75.05% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 10,047 (60.60% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 14.45%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Simdega district was 67.59%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 14 October 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 14 October 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Simdega district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 53.91% of the population in the district spoke [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 22.50% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 15.44% [[Kharia language|Kharia]], 4.02% [[Hindi]], 1.44% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] and 1.36% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=18 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Simdega, 2011 census,'' [[Christians]] formed 51.14% of the population of Simdega district, followed by [[Hindus]] (33.61%), [[Muslims]] (2.52%), other religions (12.33%) and those with negligible percentages of the population- Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, and religion not stated.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 30: Note on Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 424,407 and formed 70.78% of the total population of Simdega district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): [[Munda people|Munda, Patars]] (33.61%), [[Kharia people|Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia]] (25.42%), [[Oraon people|Oraon, Dhangar Oraons]] (20.13%), [[Gondi people|Gonds]] (5.77%) and Lohras (5.32%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The ''District Census Handbook, Simdega,'' mentions, “Simdega is one of the least developed districts in the country... As per the survey conducted for the year 1997 –2002 five-year plan more than 60% of population is below poverty line.”<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 9 : District Development Scenario, Agriculture| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>Another report says that 80% and over of the population of Simdega district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Simdega district came down to 38.26%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher [[rural poverty]]."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Kersai CD block'''
|value1 = 59.97
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 30.48
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.21
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 7.28
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Kersai CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 10,801 and formed 59.97%, agricultural labourers numbered 5,490 and formed 30.48%, household industry workers numbered 413 and formed 2.21% and other workers numbered 1,308 and formed 7.28%. Total workers numbered 18,012 and formed 45.93% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 21,206 and formed 54.07% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 53 and 56 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 11-33 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 20 inhabited villages in Kersai CD block. In 2011, 2 villages had power supply. 20 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 20 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 1 village had post offices, 12 villages had sub post offices, 1 village had telephone (land line), 13 villages had mobile phone coverage. 20 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 11 villages had bus service (public/ private), 2 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 4 villages had taxi/ vans, 15 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies, 16 villages had [[public distribution system|ration shops]], 17 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_Simdega.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 222-226 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Simdega,'' the rural population depends mainly on agriculture for a living. Agriculture in Simdega is in a very primitive state. The district has about 32% of forested area. Out of 1,34,024 hectares of cultivable land only 4,669.83 hectares of land is irrigated. Agriculture is mainly dependent on seasonal rain. The average rainfall of the district is 1100-1200 mm but much of it remains unutilised.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 9 : Forest, Agriculture| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Simdega district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 19 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012|publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Kersai CD block had 6 villages with pre-primary schools, 19 villages with primary schools, 12 villages with middle schools, 5 villages with secondary schools, 1 village did not have educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Simdega 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 222-224 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 20 October 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
Kersai CD block had 5 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 7 villages with primary health subcentres, 3 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 1 village with allopathic hospital, 2 villages with dispensary/ health centres, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 4 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Simdega district}}
{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Simdega district]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

Kersai block - Revision history

->Chandan Guha: /* Infrastructure */