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{{short description|Socio-cultural movement originated in Kerala}}
{{Renaissance of Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2017}}
{{Very long|date=April 2021}}

The '''Reformation movement in Kerala''' refers to a socio-cultural movement that began towards the end of 19th century and led to large scale changes in the social outlook of the southern [[India|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]].

==Background==
The foundations of social changes in Kerala go back to the 16th century.
The development of the modern form of the [[Malayalam|Malayalam language]] and the creation of the [[Bhakti movement]] under the influence of authors like [[Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan]] helped break the monopoly of the [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] over literature and knowledge.

The arrival of Europeans, beginning with the Portuguese followed by the Dutch and English, became a catalyst for these changes. The arrival of missionaries from European nations lead to a rise in educational institutions in Kerala and the rise of an educated class among
caste groups like [[Ezhava|Ezhavas]].

The changes in the political order of Kerala with the establishment of centralized monarchies in [[Travancore]] and [[Kochi|Cochin]], leading to the decline of the old feudal order, were also a crucial factor that set the stage for reformation. The [[Mysorean invasion of Malabar|Mysorean invasion of Kerala]] (1766–1792) shook the hold of elites like Brahmins, [[Nambudiri|Namboothiris]], [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christians]] and [[Nair|Nairs]] on Kerala's society.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Christo-Racist Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Rhetoric Are Gaining Ground in Kerala|url=https://thewire.in/religion/kerala-syrian-christians-caste-anti-muslim-rhetoric|access-date=2021-06-15|website=The Wire}}</ref> Mysoreans had almost no regard for the caste structures in Kerala, so most Brahmin and Nair families had to flee to southern Kerala to avoid persecution by Mysorean forces.

In contrast with North India, enlightenment in Kerala was driven by lower castes. [[Narayana Guru]], [[Ayyankali]] and others belonged to caste groups considered lower in the social settings of 19th century Kerala. Hence most of them emphasized the need for abolition of the caste system rather than its reformation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/three-phases-of-indian-renaissance/article9541139.ece|title=Three phases of Indian renaissance|first=K. N.|last=PANIKKAR|website=Frontline.thehindu.com|accessdate=4 March 2019}}</ref>

==Leaders==
Prominent leaders of Kerala reformation include :
* [[Narayana Guru]]
* [[Chattampi Swamikal]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Sahodaran Ayyappan]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Padmanabhan Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan]] (കുമാരനാശാൻ)
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]] (ഡോ.അയ്യത്താൻ ഗോപാലൻ)
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]].
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Nitya Chaitanya Yati]]
* [[Nataraja Guru]]
* [[VT Bhattathiripad]]
* [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]]
* [[C. V. Kunhiraman]]
* [[Sayyid Sanaullah Makti Tangal]]
* [[Vakkom Moulavi]]

==Timeline of revolts and movements==
*1813–1859 : [[Channar revolt]]
*1836 : Formation of Samatwa Samajam by [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
*1846 : First Catholic Sanskrit school founded by [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]]
*1864 : "School (pallikkoodam) along with Church" by [[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]]
*1888 : [[Ezhava Siva|Aruvippuram consecration by Narayana Guru]]
*1892 : [[Vivekananda|Swami Vivekananda]] visits Kerala
*1893 : "Villu vandi" agitation lead by Ayyankali
*1896 : Ezhava memorial submitted to [[Moolam Thirunal|Srimoolam Thirunnal]]
*1898 : [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj]] established in the Kerala region by [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]] (റാവു സാഹിബ് ഡോ. അയ്യത്താൻ ഗോപാലൻ), first branch at Calicut.
*1900 : [[Sugunavardhini movement]] (സുഗുണവർധിനി പ്രസ്താനം) founded by [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]] in order to foster human values in children and protect the rights of women, children, and downtrodden sections of society such as [[Dalit|Harijan and Dalit communities]], while providing them education. (Established Lady Chandhawarkar (ലേഡി ചന്ദാവർക്കർ) Elementary School), provided free education to all.
*1903 : Formation of [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana|SNDP]]
*1907 : Formation of [[Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham]] by [[Ayyankali]]
*1909 : Formation of [[Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha]] by [[Poykayil Johannan]]
*1915 : "Kallu Maala"(Stone chain) agitation led by Ayyankali
*1914 : Formation of [[Nair Service Society]]
*1917 : "Misra Bhojan" (community feast) organised by [[Sahodaran Ayyappan]]
*1919 : Formation of Namboothiri yuvajana Sangham under [[V. T. Bhattathiripad]]
*1924 : [[Vaikom Satyagraha]]
*1929 : Launch of [[Yukthivadi | Yukthivadi magazine]]
*1931-1932 : [[Guruvayur Satyagraha]]
*1935 : Founding of Yukthivadi Sangham by [[M.C. Joseph]] and [[Panampilly Govinda Menon]]
*1936 : [[Temple Entry Proclamation]]

==Renaissance leaders & Timeline==

'''[[Kuriakose Elias Chavara]]''' (1805–1871)

Father of literacy in Kerala, school along with every church system, Pidiyari system

*Born in a [[Syro-Malabar Church|Syro Malabar]] [[Saint Thomas Christians|Saint Thomas Syrian Christian]] family from [[Kainakary]], [[Alappuzha district|Alappuzha]]
*1831 : Founded [[Carmelites of Mary Immaculate|CMI]], Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, India's first Christian priest committee
*1846 : Established the first [[printing press]], St. Joseph's Press, without foreign support in Kerala at [[Kottayam|Mannanam]]. This was the third in India. First book published was Jnanapeeyusham.
*1986 : Declared [[Beatification|beatified]]
*2014 : Declared [[Canonization|canonized]] on 23 November
*Jeevitham thanne sandesam - visudha chavarayude jeevitham written by [[M. K. Sanu|M.K. Sanu]]

'''[[Ayya Vaikundar|Vaikunda swamikal / Ayya vaikundar]]''' (1809–1851)

Mudichoodum perumal

*The first social reformer in Kerala
*1800s : Famous disciple, [[Thycaud Ayya]]
*1800s : Sama panthi Bhojanam
*1823 : Became leader of the Upper Cloth revolt, which lead to the 1859 [[Channar revolt]]
*1836 : Founded Samatva Samajam
*1838 : Imprisoned in [[Singarathoppe|Singarathoppu jail]] by [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Thirunnal]] for calling him "ananthapuri devil", calling Travancore the "rule of black devils" and the British the "rule of white devils."
*"jathi onn, matham onn, kulam onn, daivam onn, lokam onn"

'''[[Thycaud Ayya]] / subharayan''' (1814–1909) ''[Guru of great Gurus']''

Shivaraja yogi, Supperintent ayya, Hadayogopadeshta, pandi parayan,

*1800s : Panthi bhojanam
*1800s : Saiva prakasha sabha
*1800s : Famous disciples; [[Narayana Guru]], [[Chattampi Swamikal|chattambi swami]], [[Ayyankali]], [[Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran|kerala varma]], [[Raja Ravi Varma|Raja ravi varma]]
*" intha ulakathile ore oru jathi than, ore oru matham than, ore oru kadavul than"
*1984 : Thycaud Ayya Mission was formed at [[Thiruvananthapuram|Trivandrum]].

[[Chattampi Swamikal|'''Chattampi Swamikal''']] (1853-1924)

*1881 : Met [[Narayana Guru|Nanu Asan (Guru)]] at [[Vamanapuram|aniyoor temple]]
*1892 : Met [[Swami Vivekananda|swami vivekananda]]
*main works : ''jeevakarunya niroopanam, kristhumath niroopanam,'' ''kristhumatha chethanam,'' ''vedadhikara niroopanam,'' ''pracheena'' ''malayalam, advaitha chintha padhathi,'' ''aadibhasha.''

[[Narayana Guru|'''Sree Narayana Guru''']] (1856–1928)

Naanu asan, The second Buddha,

*1881 : Guru started school at anju thengu
*1887 : Built [[Aruvippuram]] temple
*1888 : [[Ezhava Siva|Aruvippuram consecration by Narayana Guru]]
*1898 : Vavoottu yogam, which was considered as the predecessor of SNDP Yogam, was formed this year
*1903 : Formation of [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam|SNDP]] by [[Narayana Guru|guru]], who later became the first and permanent president. (1st secretary; [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]], 1st vice president; [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]])
*1904 : Founded [[Sarada Mutt|Sivagiri Mutt]]
*1911 : Declared as the National Saint in the census report of the Travancore
*1913 : ''Advaita ashram'' at [[aluva]]
*1916 : Founded ''Sree Narayan seva ashram'' at [[kanchipuram]]
*1916 : Started Sanskrit school at [[aluva]]
*1918 : Visited [[Sri Lanka]] for the first time
*1924 : Visited [[Vaikom Satyagraha|vaikom satygraha]]
*"oru jaathi, oru matham, oru daivam manushyanu"

=== [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]] (1861–1948) "''Darsarji''"& "Darsar Sahib", ''Rao Sahib'' (Title honor given by British) ===

* Social reformer widely known as '''"Darsarji"''' also as "Darsar Sahib". ("''Darsar" (ദർസർ) meaning Doctor)''
*Social reformer of Kerala, physician (doctor), writer, chief surgeon, medical school professor, superintendent and in charge of hospitals all over South India (during British rule).
*Founder of [[Sugunavardhini Movement]] '''(സുഗുണവർധിനി പ്രസ്താനം)''' and popularized [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj]] in Kerala.
**1898 :Populated [[Brahmo Samaj]] in [[Kerala]] region (first branch at Calicut, now [[Ayathan School]] which runs under the patronage of Brahmosamaj at Jail Road, Calicut)
**1900s : Founded the [[Sugunavardhini movement]] to foster human values in children and ignited reform activities to protect the rights of women, children, and the downtrodden sections of society such as Harijan and Dalits in Kerala while providing them with an education.
**1900s :Founded Lady Chandhawarkar Elementary School, educating girls and underprivileged sections of society for free. Conducted MisraBhojanam and MisraVivaham through Sugunavardhini movement and Brahmosamaj.
**1900s : Titled his favorite disciple Karat Govinda Menon as "[[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi|Brahmananda" Sivayogi]] and P. Kunjiraman as "Brahmavadhi" for involvement in Brahmosamaj activities. [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]] was also his favorite disciple who later founded Athma vidya sangam.
**1910 : Translated ''[[Brahmo Dharma]]'' (ബ്രഹ്മധർമ്മ) (known as the Bible of [[Brahmo Samaj]]) into Malayalam, originally written by [[Debendranath Tagore]]
**1910 : Published his first musical drama book ''Saranjiniparinayam''.(സാരഞ്ജിനി പരിണയം)
**1911 : Published his second musical drama book ''Susheeladukham''.(സുശീലാദുഃഖം)
**1917 : Highest civilian award given by British government and given the honor title "[[Rai Sahib|RAOSAHIB]]" for tireless service done for society and mankind.
**1924 : Opened second branch of [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj]] at [[Alappuzha]]
**works : Propagated his reform activities by conducting dramas, public awareness campaigns, and also through his writings. ''Saranjiniparinayam & Susheeladukham'' (musical drama), ''Plaguefarse'' (drama) were his famous dramas which were put on by [[Vaidyaratnam P. S. Warrier|Kottakkal P.S.Warier]] nadaka sangam (''P.S.V. Natyasangham)'' throughout Kerala for many years.
**Famous disciples: [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi|Bhramananda swami Sivayogi]], [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatanandaguru]], Brahmavadhi P. Kunjiraman

[[Agamananda Swami|'''Agamananda Swami''']] (1896–1961)

Krishnam Nambyathiri

*1935 : First [[Ashram|asram]] founded - Sanadhana Dharma Vidhyarthi Sangam
*1936 : Established Kerala unit of Sree Rama Krishnasram
*1900s : Active member of [[Ramakrishna Mission|Ramakrishna mission]] in Kerala unit
*1900s : Started Sanskrit school Brahmanandodayam
*1900s : Started the magazine 'Prabudha Keralam'

'''[[Ananda Theerthan]]''' (1905–1987)

Anada Shenoy

*1900s : Direct disciple of [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
*1933 : Founder of Jathi Nashini Sabha
*1933 : first president of Jathi Nashini sabha was [[K. Kelappan]].

'''[[Brahmananda shiva yogi]] / Karat Govinda menon''' (1852–1929)

'Guru of Atheists', purusha simham, Swami of [[alathur]]

*Born at [[Palakkad district|Palakkad]]
*Started his reform activities through [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj]] founded by [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]. [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Gopalan]] titled Karat Govinda menon as Brahmananda Sivayogi for his tireless service done through [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj.]] Sivayogi was one of the favorite disciples of Dr. Gopalan.
*1893 : Founded 'Siddha rasam' at [[Alathur]]
*1899 : ''Stree vidya poshini'' book to spread awareness of women's education
*1918 : Formed Ananda Maha Sabha
*1900s : Founded "Ananda Matham" religion
*1900s : Famous disciple - [[Vagbhatananda|Vagbatanandan]]

[[Vagbhatananda|'''Vagbhatanandan / V.K. Gurukkal''']] (1885–1939)

Vyleri kunjikannan, balaguru

*Born in Patyam, [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
*Started his reform activities through [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmosamaj]] founded by [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]] in the year 1898 at Calicut. [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]] was the favorite disciple of Dr. Gopalan who wrote the book ''Kausallya Gopalan'' as a tribute to Kausallyammal, wife of [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Dr. Gopalan]], who was the backbone behind his reform activities.
*1906 : Tathva prakashika Ashramam [[Kozhikode district|Kozhikode]]
*1917 : Founded Athma vidya sangam at [[Vatakara]], whose slogan was ''"unaruvin, aghileshane smarippin, kshanamezunnelpin, aneethiyod ethirpin"''
*1921 : Abhinava keralam The journal of Atma vidya sangam
*1900s : Became disciple of [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]<nowiki/>his
*1900s : '''founder of ULCCS''' (uraalunkal Labour Contract Coperative Society) CurrentlyThe Largest Labour contract in India
*1927 : '''Preethi Bhojanam'''
*works : ''Abhinava keralam, adyathma yudham, atma vidya kahalam,'' ''Prarthananjali, kotiyoor ulsava paatu, shivayogi vilasam,''

[[Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker|'''Arattuppuzha Velayudha Panicker''']] (1825–1874)

kallissery Velayudha Chekavar, [[panicker]] Title was given by [[List of Maharajas of Travancore|Maharaja of Travancore]],

He actually belongs to [[Ezhava|Ezhava community]]

*1860 : Founded "'''Kallissery Kadhakali Yogam'''" art form to '''break the savarna [[monopoly]]'''.
*1800s : '''Mukkuthi agitation'''
*1800s : '''Achipudava agitation''' at [[Kayamkulam]]
*1874 : Got killed by Upper caste men during a boat travel at [[Kayamkulam]].

'''[[Kurumban Daivathan]]''' (1880–1927)

Naduvathamman

*1917 : Hindu Pulaya Samajam
*1900s : Navodhansthinte surya thejass (Babu Thomas)

'''[[Pampady John Joseph|Pampadi John joseph]]''' (1887–1940)

*1921 : Founded Travancore cheramar maha sabha
*1900s : Magazine Sadhu jana Doothan
*1900s : Cheruma Boy book

[[C. V. Kunhiraman|'''C. V. Kunhiraman''']] (1871–1949)

*1911 : Kerala Koumudi from [[mayyanad]], ideas of [[Narayana Guru|Guru]] published first time in koumudi
*1900s : Ezhava koumudi
*"openion is not an iron pestle"

'''[[Ayyankali|Mahathma Ayyankali]]''' (1863–1941)

[[Mahatma Gandhi|Ghandiji]] called him 'pulaya raja' and 'untiring warrior', [[Indira Gandhi]] called him 'Great son of India',

'Aali kathiya theepori', Father of modern Dalit, known as Kerala's [[Spartacus]].

*born at [[venganoor]]
*1893 : '''Villu vandi samaram''' (right to use the public roads by the lower cast)
*1904 : Started school for pulays at [[venganoor]].
*1907 : '''Sadhujana paripalana sangam'''
*1909 : South India's First '''organized rebellion (karshaka samaram)'''
*1911 : First [[Harijan]] member to enroll in [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly|Sree moolam praja sabha]]
*1915 : Leader of '''Kallu mala Samaram''' '''(perinaatu lahala)''' (right to use ornaments other than stone-made ornaments by the lower cast)
*1915 : Leader of '''Thonnooramandu samaram (ooruttambalam lahala / pulaya lahala)''' (right to study along with upper cast children)
*1916 : '''Kandala lahala''' ( ayyankali fired the school at ooruttambalam, where He tried to get admission for a lower caste girl named Panchami)
*1980 : [[Indira Gandhi]] unveiled Ayyankali Statue at [[vellayambalam]], architect Ezra David.

'''[[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Padmanabhan Palpu]]''' (1863–1950)

Padmanabhan, 'Political father of Ezhava community'

*1800s : '''First Medical graduate from Ezhava community'''
*1800s : Served as Jail superintent in [[Mysore]]
*1882 : Met [[Swami Vivekananda|Swami vivekananda]] at [[Mysore]].
*1800s : The book " Treatment of Thiyyas in travancore"
*1891 : '''The third signature in Malayali memorial''' (Mass petition to [[Moolam Thirunal|Sree moolam maharaja]])
*1896 : Founded Greater Ezhava association
*1896 : '''Founded 'Travancore Ezhava Sabha''''
*1896 : Sep 3, '''Ezhava Memorial''' was submitted to [[Moolam Thirunal|Moolam thirunnal]] (signed by 13176 members)
*1900 : '''Second Ezhava Memorial''' was Submitted to [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|Lord Curzon]]
*1903 : First vice president of [[Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam|SNDP]]
*1900s : '''Malabar economic Union was founded.'''
*1900s : [[Nataraja Guru]], son of Dr. Palpu, founded the Sree Narayana Gurukulam.
*1950 : Died on 25 January the day before Republic Day.

'''[[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]'''(1873–1924)

kumaru, sneha gayakan, ashaya gambheeran, leelavathi called him 'divya kokilam',

[[Joseph Mundassery|Joseph mundassery]] called him '''Viplavathinte Shukra nakshatram.'''

*Born in [[Thiruvananthapuram|Kayikkara]]
*1907 : '''Veena poov'''
*1909 : First poet to become member of '''travancore legislative council.'''
*1922 : Only poet to become Mahakavi without writing a Mahakaavyam.
*1924 : Last work " Karuna "
*1924 : Died in accident of the 'redeemer' boat in [[Pallana|pallana river]]
*Works : '''Duravastha (aboutmalabar kalapam)''' leela, prarodhanam, chandala bikshuki

[[Sahodaran Ayyappan|'''Sahodaran Ayyappan / K. Ayyappan''']] (1889–1968)

*Born in [[Cherai]], [[Vypin|vypin, ernakulam]].
*1917 : Sahodara sangam
*1917 : '''Misra bhojanam''' under sahodara sangam at [[cherai]]
*1900s : Became disciple of [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
*1900s : '''Formation of Vidya poshini sabha'''
*1938 : '''Socialist party Established'''
*1964 : Sree Narayana Sevika Samajam in [[Aluva]].
*Weeklies : Velakkaran, yukthivaadi, sahodaran
*Works : Kaasi mahatmyam, sahodari kurathi.
*" No caste, No religion, No god for man."

'''[[Pandit Karuppan]]'''(1885–1939)

shankaran, sahithya kudeeram, [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] of Kerala,

[[Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran|kerala varma]] called him 'vidwan', [[Kingdom of Cochin|maharaja of cochin]] called him 'Kavi thilakam'.

*Born in [[Cheranallur|cheranalloor]], ernakulam
*1904 : Wrote '''"Jathikkummi"''' first book in kerala to '''criticise the [[Caste|caste system]].'''
*1907 : '''Found Araya samajam'''
*1925 : Nominated as a member of the cochin [[Legislative council]].

'''[[T. K. Madhavan|T.K. Madhavan]]''' (1885–1930)

"Megha Jyothis"

*1902 : Ezhava association was started
*1900s : The founder of Temple entry movement
*1900s : Undeniable leader of '''Eradication of untouchability'''
*1915 : '''Started Deshabhimani News Paper''' From [[Kollam]]
*1923 : Only Malayali to '''attend [[Indian National Congress|INC]] session at [[Kakinada|Kakkinada]],''' Presented a resolution on Eradication of untouchability.
*1924 : '''Main leader of [[Vaikom Satyagraha|Vaikkom Satyagraha]].'''

'''[[Vakkom Moulavi|Vakkom Abdul Khadar Moulavi]]''' (1873–1932)

The father of Muslim renaissance in Kerala

*1905 : '''[[Swadeshabhimani (newspaper)|swadeshabhimani]] news paper''' started from Anjutheng, [[Thiruvananthapuram|tvm]] on Jan 19
*1906 : Magazine Muslim
*1918 : Magazine Al-Islam
*1922 : Formed '''Kerala Muslim Aikya Sangham''' at [[Kodungallur]], thrissur
*1931 : Formed Islamic Publishing House.
*1931 : '''Magazine Deepika'''

*1900s : Formed '''Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham''' based on SNDP model.
*1900s : Formed Dharma Poshini sabha
*works : Quran Translation, Islam matha sidhantha Samgraham, dau-u-saheb

[[Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai|'''Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna pillai''']] (1878–1916)

Keralan (pen name)

*1800s : Became first editor of Magazine Malayali
*1906 : Became editor of '''Swadeshabhimani News paper'''
*1910 : '''Elected to [[Sree Moolam Popular Assembly|Sree Moolam praja sabha]]''' from [[Neyyattinkara]]
*1910 : Deported to [[Tirunelveli|Thirunalveli]] on Sep 26 by Diwan - [[P. Rajagopalachari|P Rajagopalachari]] for criticising News against him and also for writing against govt. at the Time of [[Moolam Thirunal|Moolam thirunnal]]. Newspaper was banned
*Works : '''Biography of [[Karl Marx|Karl marx]] & [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhiji]]''' first time in Malayalam, auto Biography Ente Naadukadathal, vrithantha pathra pravarthanam (considered as the [[Bible]] of Kerala [[Journalism]])

'''[[K. Kelappan]]''' (1889–1971)

'''[[A. K. Gopalan|A K Gopalan]]''' (1904-1977) AKG

* Born in [[Peralasseri|Perelassery]]
*1931 : Volunteer captain of [[Guruvayur Satyagraha|'''Guruvayoor Satyagraha''']]
*1936 : '''Pattini jatha (kannur to madras)'''
*1937 : '''Malabar jatha (calicut to Travancore)'''
*1900s : First leader of opposition in Loksabha
*1958 : '''First [[Indian Coffee House|Indian coffie House]] started'''
*1960 : '''Karshaka jatha / peasant march (kazargod to travancore)'''
*1900s : Crusader of downtrodden
*1900s : Ente jeevitha kadha, in the cause of the people,(auto biography) manninu vendi, ente poorvakala smaranakal,

==See also==
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]

* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Chattampi Swamikal]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]
*[[Arattupuzha Velayudha Panicker]]
*[[Caste system in Kerala]]
*[[Kerala model]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}3. R.Ponnu, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the struggle for Social Equality in South India, Madurai, 2000.

[[Category:Anti-caste movements]]
[[Category:Social history of Kerala]]

Kerala reformation movement - Revision history

Showbiz sportlight: Article updated with improved flow

Yohanan Gheevargheese: Minor edit adding some information

>WikiCleanerBot: v2.04b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation - Empty list item)