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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Kendujhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

{{Use British English|date=May 2012}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kendujhargarh(Keonjhar) district
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Keonjhar
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Odisha|District]] of [[Odisha]]
| image_skyline = Serajuddin iron ore mines.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = An iron ore mine in Kendujhar
| image_map = India Odisha Kendujhar district.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|21.633|N|85.6|E|display=inline,title}}
| map_caption = Location in Odisha, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Orissa Flag(INDIA).png}} [[Odisha]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Kendujhar]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = [[District collector|Collector & District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Ashish Thakare, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[Divisional Forest Officer]] Cum Wildlife Warden
| leader_name1 = Santosh Joshi, [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police (India)|Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Mitrabhanu Mahapatra, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 8,303
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 480
| population_total = 1,801,733
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 8
| population_density_km2 = 217
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Odia language|Odia]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Other Local Language
| demographics1_info2 = [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Juang language|Juang]]<ref>http://www.orissapost.com/tribals-seek-official-tag-for-ho-language/</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 758 xxx
| registration_plate = OD-09
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 0.987 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 69%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Keonjhar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar(ST)]]
| leader_name3 = [[Chandrani Murmu]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = 7 {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}|[[Telkoi|020-Telkoi(ST)]] [[Ghasipura (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|021-Ghasipura]] [[Anandapur (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|022-Anandapur(SC)]] [[Patna (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|023-Patna(ST)]] [[Keonjhar (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|024-Keonjhar(ST)]] [[Champua (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|025-Champua]] [[Karanjia (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|030-Karanjia]]}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Aw]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = {{convert|1535.5|mm|in}}
| website = {{URL|www.kendujhar.nic.in}}
| official_name =
}}
{{State of Odisha}}
'''Kendujhar District''', also known as '''Keonjhar District''' is an administrative district of [[Odisha]]. The district is one of the fifth Scheduled Areas of Odisha.<ref>http://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/scheduled-tribes-welfare/fifth-schedule-areas</ref><ref>https://tribal.nic.in/declarationof5thSchedule.aspx</ref><ref>http://pesadarpan.gov.in/en_US/hidden/-/asset_publisher/PSDIGLsdo3bO/content/scheduled-areas-in-orissa/26993?p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_count=1&p_r_p_564233524_resetCur=true&p_r_p_564233524_categoryId=27007&entry_id=41191&show_back=true</ref><ref>http://stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1</ref> The town of [[Kendujhar]] (or Kendujhargarh) is the district headquarters. The district has 3 Sub-Divisions, [[Anandapur]], [[Champua]], and Keonjhar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Declaration of 5th Schedule|access-date=3 July 2018|url=https://tribal.nic.in/declarationof5thSchedule.aspx}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
Origin of the name Keonjhar/Kendujhar is not certain. In the locals pronounce the name as Kenjhar. In medieval Sanskrit inscriptions the name is "Kenjhar" is found. The name has been Sanskritised to Kendujhar by the ex-Durbar government.<ref name="Orissa (India). Senapati Sahu 1966 p.">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India).|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgIuAQAAIAAJ|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Kendujhar|last2=Senapati|first2=N.|last3=Sahu|first3=N.K.|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press|year=1966|series=Gazetteer of India|page=2|language=en|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> The name ''Kendujhar'' is derived from ''"Kendu"'' meaning [[Diospyros melanoxylon|East Indian Ebony]] (which is abundant in the district) and ''"Jhar"'' meaning [[water spring]].<ref name="Bhushan Banerjee 2008 p. ">{{cite book | last1=Bhushan | first1=C. | last2=Banerjee | first2=C.B.A.M.Z.H.S. | title=Rich Lands Poor People: Is 'sustainable' Mining Possible | publisher=Centre For Science And Environment | series=State of India's Environment, a Citizens' Report | year=2008 | isbn=978-81-86906-42-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5M4RAQAAIAAJ | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=241}}</ref>

== History ==

Early history of Kendujhar is not certain. In Sitabinj, fresco paintings were found in the cave shelter of Ravana Chhaya, which date to the 5th century A.D.<ref name="kendujhar.nic.in">[http://kendujhar.nic.in kendujhar.nic.in]</ref><ref name="Orissa State Museum 1984 p. ">{{cite book | author=Orissa State Museum | title=The Orissa Historical Research Journal | publisher=Superintendent of Research and Museum | issue=v. 30, nos. 2–4 | year=1984 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSJuAAAAMAAJ | access-date=19 May 2019 }}</ref><ref name="Puranveshana : Indian journal of archaeology and tradition. 2017 p. ">{{citation | title=Puranveshana : Indian journal of archaeology and tradition | journal=Puranveshana : Indian Journal of Archaeology and Tradition. | year=2018 | oclc=1036208533 |issn= 2456-964X| volume= 2 |issue= 1 | page= 71}}</ref>

Written references about Kendujhar come about early 1100s. Some of the documents refer to Upper Kendujhar and Mayurbhanj together forming a state called Hariharpur. A separate existence of Keonjhar came into being at about 1128 C.E. The founding of the kingdom is credited to Jati Bhanj (Jyoti Bhanj). There were several chiefs of this Gadjat State until Raja Janardan Bhanja signed a treaty with East India Company. This recognised the title of Raja by British Government. There was a succession dispute when the then Raja died without a legitimate heir in 1861. This dispute was finally over with a multiparty compromise with Dhanurjaya Bhanja being crowned king in 1868. However, there was a rebellion that broke out soon after led by Ratna Naik and a few other tribals. This rebellion was quelled with the help of British Police.<ref name="Cobden-Ramsay 2011 p. ">{{cite book | last=Cobden-Ramsay | first=L.E.B. | title=Feudatory States of Orissa: Bengal District Gazetteers | publisher=Logos Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-7268-216-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rbye1SEL1KAC | access-date=20 May 2019 | pages=213–215}}</ref><ref name="Sinha 1993 p. 318">{{cite book | last=Sinha | first=S.P. | title=Conflict and Tension in Tribal Society | publisher=Concept Publishing Company | year=1993 | isbn=978-81-7022-493-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsZUsqlIFDEC&pg=PA318 | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=318}}</ref><ref name="Sinha Centre for Studies in Social Sciences 1987 p. ">{{cite book | last=Sinha | first=S. | author2=Centre for Studies in Social Sciences | title=Tribal polities and state systems in pre-colonial eastern and north eastern India | publisher=Published for Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, by K.P. Bagchi & Co. | year=1987 | isbn=978-81-7074-014-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S4E_AAAAMAAJ | access-date=20 May 2019 }}</ref> There was another tribal uprising in 1891 under the leadership of Dharanidhar Naik against oppressive practices such as [[bonded labour]]. This was known as "Dharani Meli".<ref name="Mukherjee 1964 p. ">{{cite book | last=Mukherjee | first=P. | title=History of Orissa in the 19th century | publisher=Utkal University | series=Utkal University history of Orissa | year=1964 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUvRAAAAMAAJ | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=411}}</ref> The Raja had to flee to Cuttack and the rebellion was again quelled by British forces.<ref name="Mishra 1998 p. 17">{{cite book | last=Mishra | first=D.P. | title=People's Revolt in Orissa: A Study of Talcher | publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distributors | year=1998 | isbn=978-81-7156-739-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8GXSR0SiF8C&pg=PA17 | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=17}}</ref><ref name="Mishra 1983 p. ">{{cite book | last=Mishra | first=P.K. | title=Political unrest in Orissa in the 19th century: anti-British, anti-feudal, and agrarian risings | publisher=Punthi Pustak | series=Orissan studies project | year=1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PUdAAAAMAAJ | access-date=20 May 2019 }}</ref>

Post Indian Independence in 1947 the whole of [[Keonjhar State]] was integrated into the State of Odisha (then Orissa) by "The Administration of Orissa States Orders, 1948". It became one of the 13 districts of the State.<ref name="The Orissa Gazette. Extraordinary No. 2A/1.1.1948">{{cite web | author=Government of Orissa| title=The Orissa Gazette. Extraordinary. | website=Bare Acts | date=31 December 1947 | url=http://www.bareactslive.com/Ori/OR004.HTM | access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>

==Geography==
Keonjhar is a landlocked district situated in the northern part of Orissa. It is bounded by [[Mayurbhanj District]], [[Balasore District]] and [[Bhadrak District]] to the east, [[Jajpur District]] to the south, [[Dhenkanal District]], [[Anugul District]] and [[Sundargarh District]] to the west, and [[West Singhbhum district]] to the north.

The district of Keonjhar is highly rich in mineral resources and has vast deposits of iron, [[manganese]] and [[chromium]] [[ore]]s. About 30% of the district's total area is covered with tracts of dense forests. Keonjhar also contains one of the oldest rock formations in the world, which covers an area of 100 km2.

===Topography===
On the eastern half of the district are the plains of [[Anandapur]]. To the west is a range of hills containing peaks such as [[Gandhamardan]] (3477 ft), [[Mankadnacha]] (3639 ft), [[Gonasika]] (3219 ft) and [[Thakurani]] (3003 ft)<ref name="Cobden-Ramsay 2011 p. 213 ">{{cite book | last=Cobden-Ramsay | first=L.E.B. | title=Feudatory States of Orissa: Bengal District Gazetteers | publisher=Logos Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-7268-216-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rbye1SEL1KAC | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=213}}</ref>

About half of the area of this district is covered by forests of Northern tropical deciduous type trees which include [[Shorea robusta|Sal]], [[Terminalia elliptica|Asan]], [[Syzygium cumini|Jamu]], [[Terminalia arjuna|Arjuna]], [[Schleichera oleosa|Kusum]], [[Xylia xylocarpa|Kangada]], [[Madhuca indica|Mahua]], [[Mangifera indica|Mango]], [[Diospyros melanoxylon|Kendu]].<ref name="wildlife.odisha.gov.in">{{cite web | title=Keonjhar WLU :: Odisha Wildlife Organisation | website=wildlife.odisha.gov.in | url=https://www.wildlife.odisha.gov.in/WebPortal/WL_Keonjhar.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 | access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="kendujhar.nic.in" /><ref name=" india 2014">{{cite web | author= india | title=keonjhar-phytosociology-MS-revised | publisher=Google Scholar | date=27 April 2014 | url=https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:KCAgOQJbH18J:scholar.google.com/+A.+Kar,++++A.K.+Biswal+and+++C.+Sudhakar+Reddy+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5 | access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>

The highlands consist of clusters of rugged crags and the mountaintops appear to be sharply ridged or peaked, however they have extensive tablelands on their summits. In some areas, isolated hills rise abruptly from the plains, but most areas have a general elevation of over 600m. The highlands form the watershed for a number of rivers, including the Baitarani River.<ref name="India. Meteorological Department 2002 p. ">{{cite book | author=India. Meteorological Department | title=Climate of Orissa | publisher=Controller of Publications | year=2002 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0cAQAAMAAJ | access-date=19 May 2019 | page= 2}}</ref><ref name="Cobden-Ramsay 2011 p. 212-213 ">{{cite book | last=Cobden-Ramsay | first=L.E.B. | title=Feudatory States of Orissa: Bengal District Gazetteers | publisher=Logos Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-7268-216-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rbye1SEL1KAC | access-date=20 May 2019 | pages=212–213}}</ref>

===Nomira national geological monument===
{{anchor|Pillow Lava in lron ore belt at Nomira}}

Pillow Lava in lron ore belt at Nomira 2 km east of [[Nomira]] 18 km from 18 km south of Joda town, on the Keonjhar-Barbil-Lahunipada state highway, has been declared the [[List of National Geological Monuments in India|National Geological Monuments of India]] by the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI), for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of [[geotourism]].<ref name="gsi1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website |access-date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712055947/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gsi2">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573|title=Geo-Heritage Sites|date=9 March 2016|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="gsi3">[http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf national geo-heritage of India], [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]]</ref> Pillow Lava, Iron ore belt of Nomira is an exposure of [[ellipsoid]]al [[pillow lava]] of a maximum thickness of 2m x 0.6m. The fine to medium grained, green to bluish green coloured with abundant [[Vesicular texture]] filled with [[quartz]]. The lavas and the associated [[pyroclastic rock]]s and [[tuff]]s are underlain by [[quartzite]] and overlain by [[shale]], chart-shale and [[Banded iron formation|banded hematite]] [[jasper]].

The site can be reached from Joda by following Joda Nayagar road up to Bamebari and then following a 2 km unmetalled road leading eastward up to Nomira.

===Climate===
The temperature in the district begins to rise rapidly in the spring with the highest temperatures recorded in the month of May usually go up to 38 °C. The maximum recorded temperature however is 43.3 °C.<ref name="Hindu 2016">{{cite web | last=Hindu | first=The | title=Temperature on the rise again in Odisha | website=The Hindu | date=3 May 2016 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/temperature-on-the-rise-again-in-odisha/article8548858.ece | access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> The weather cools during the monsoon in June and remains cool until the end of October. The temperature in the month of December can drop down to 7 °C. The minimum temperature recorded was 1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1910.1 mm.<ref name="District Irrigation Plan (DIP) of Odisha Year : 2015-20">{{cite conference |title=DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN OF KEONJHAR(ODISHA)) |url=http://www.dowrorissa.gov.in/DIP/2015-20/keonjhar.pdf |book-title=General Introduction of the District |conference=District Irrigation Plan (DIP) of Odisha Year : 2015–20 |conference-url=http://www.dowrorissa.gov.in/DIP/DIPIndex.htm |page=14 }}</ref>

==Economy==

Keonjhar is part of the Singhbhum-Keonjhar-Banei iron belt. This belt stretches about 50 km and around 14.5 km lie within Kendujhar District. Daitari hills that border Kendujhar and Jajpur district is home to high grade of Iron ore . [[Odisha Mining Corporation]] along with [[Tata Steel|TISCO]] and Bolani Mines Private Ltd run iron ore mines in Kendujhar. In addition there are many medium and small scale mining operations in Barbil/Joda area. Keonjhar also has abundant manganese and Chromite deposits. Kendujhar supplies around 80% of Odisha's manganese production. The manganese mines are at Banspani, Barbil and Barjamda while the Chromite mines are at Baula, Nuasahi and Phulinjhorhuli.
<ref name="Das 2017">{{cite web | last=Das | first=Sudhansu Kumar | title=Role of commercial banks in rural development – A case study of Keonjhar district of Orissa | website=Apache Tomcat/7.0.65 | date=27 January 2017 | url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/10603/129654 | access-date=19 May 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Jindal_steel_and_power_In_Kendujhar_district.png|thumb|Jspl pellet plant]]
2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Kendujhar one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]].<ref name="brgf" /> The district is one of the 19 districts in Orissa currently receiving funds from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]] Programme (BRGF).

As per the Mines and Minerals (Development & Regulation) Act of 2015 the district is set to receive aid from mining companies and lease holders.<ref name=brgf>{{cite news|date=31 May 2015|title=Keonjhar may get Rs 2800 cr for MDF|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/keonjhar-may-get-rs-2800-cr-for-mdf-115053100695_1.html|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>

==Divisions==
*Subdivisions- 03, 1. [[Anandapur]], 2. [[Champua]], 3. [[Kendujhar (sadar)]]
*[[Tehsils]]- 13
*Blocks- 13: [[Anandapur]], Banspal, [[Champua]], [[Ghasipura]], [[Ghatgaon]], [[Harichandanpur]], Hatadihi, [[Jhumpura]], [[Joda]], [[Keonjhar]], Patna, [[Saharpada]], [[Telkoi]]
*[[Revenue]] [[Circles]]- 50
*[[Gram Panchayats]]- 287
*Sub-Registrar Office- 06
*Police Stations- 25
*Towns(Urban Areas)- 09
*Municipalities- 04: 1. [[Anandapur]], 2. [[Barbil]], 3. [[Kendujhar]], 4. [[Joda]]
*[[Notified Area Council|NAC]]- 01 [[Champua]]
*Census Town- 04: 1.[[Balagoda|Bolani]], 2.Jajanga, 3.[[Jhumpura]], 4.[[Daitari]]
*Inhabited Villages- 2135
*Fire Stations- 13
* District Jail/ Special Jail- 01
*Sub-Jails- 02
*Agricultural Districts- 03
*ICDS Projects- 14
*Treasury/SubTreasury- 07
*HQ.Hospital/Hospitals- 04
*Community Health Centre/UGPHC- 17
*[[Public Health Centre]]- 81
*Sub Centre (Health)- 351

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,85,758|13=1911|14=3,64,702|15=1921|16=3,79,496|17=1931|18=4,60,609|19=1941|20=5,29,786|21=1951|22=5,88,441|23=1961|24=7,43,315|25=1971|26=9,55,514|27=1981|28=11,14,622|29=1991|30=13,37,026|31=2001|32=15,61,990|33=2011|34=18,01,733|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kendujhar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,801,733.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php|title=District Census 2011|access-date=3 July 2018|year=2011|publisher=Census2011.co.in}}</ref> It is the 264th most populous district in India.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|217|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> The district's [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 15.42%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kendujhar has a [[sex ratio]] of 987 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 69%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

The [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|Scheduled Tribes]] of the district constitute 44.5% of the total population whereas the [[Scheduled Castes]] constitute 11.62%.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/orissa/Data%20Sheet-%20Orissa-Provisional.pdf Census of India 2011]</ref>
The concentration of Scheduled Tribes is the highest in the [[Keonjhar]] subdivision and lowest in the Anandapur subdivision. The majority of Scheduled Tribes members are employed in agriculture, mining, or quarrying. The literacy among the Scheduled Tribes was 15.25% in the 1981 census but it has increased to 24.89% in the 1991 census. This percentage is higher than the State average of 22.31%.<ref name="kendujhar.nic.in" />

===Major Tribes===
There are approximately 55 tribal communities in the district. The largest group are the [[Ho people|Hos]].<ref name="Mehta 2004 p. 285">{{cite book | last=Mehta | first=P.C. | title=Ethnographic Atlas of Indian Tribes | publisher=Discovery Publishing House | year=2004 | isbn=978-81-7141-852-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoQqpkfrXfAC&pg=PA285 | access-date=20 May 2019 | page=285}}</ref> The other major tribes are the [[Bhuyan|Bhuiya]], [[Gondi people|Gond]], [[Bathudi]], [[Sounti]], [[Santal people|Santal]], [[Juang people|Juang]], [[Sabar people|Shabar]] and [[Bhumij]]. These nine tribes constituted almost 95% of the total tribal population of the district.<ref name="kendujhar.nic.in" />

===Languages===

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Languages of Kendujhar district in 2011 census
| label1 = [[Odia language|Odia]]
| value1 = 78.88
| color1 = gold
| label2 = [[Ho language|Ho]]
| value2 = 8.09
| color2 = lavender
| label3 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
| value3 = 3.77
| color3 = olive
| label4 = [[Hindi]]
| value4 = 2.66
| color4 = orange
| label5 = [[Mundari language|Munda]]
| value5 = 1.69
| color5 = hotpink
| label6 = [[Juang language|Juang]]
| value6 = 1.29
| color6 = Brown
| label7 = Others
| value7 = 3.62
| color7 = Grey
}}

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 78.88% of the population in the district spoke [[Odia language|Odia]], 8.09% [[Ho language|Ho]], 3.77% [[Santali language|Santali]], 2.66% [[Hindi]], 1.69% [[Mundari language|Munda]] and 1.29% [[Juang language|Juang]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

Aroudn 30% of the tribals belong to the [[Ho people]] and they speak the [[Ho language]]. Other languages include Bhunjia, which is spoken by approximately 7000 [[Bhunjia]] [[Adivasi]]s. Only Bhunija Tribal communities also speak Odia as a secondary language and other tribal communities uses their own mother tongues.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|editor=M. Paul Lewis|encyclopedia=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|title=Bhunjia: A language of India|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bhu|access-date=3 July 2018|edition=16th|year=2009|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

==Culture and Heritage of Keonjhar==
The culture of Keonjhar district is mainly tribal culture of different tribes residing in this district. The district administration recognised important tribal festivals among which are the festivals of Sohrai, Gaumara Parab, Sarhul, Mage Parab, Baa Parab, Hermuutu, Heroh Parab, Karam Parab, Jomnama Parab, Uda Parab, and Baruni Jatra.<ref name=kendujhar>[https://kendujhar.nic.in/culture-heritage/ Culture & Heritage] Retrieved 3 July 2018.</ref>

==Folk Dance of Keonjhar==
The district has large sections of tribal communities. So, there are many folk dances such as Ho, Juang and Changu dances which are popular and recognised by the district administration.<ref name=kendujhar/>

===Ho Dance===
This dance is performed by the Ho speaking tribe mainly during Mage Porob in the month of November–January.

===Juang Dance===
Juang dance is performed by the Juang tribe of this district.

==Politics==

===Vidhan sabha constituencies===
{{Main|List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha}}
The following is the 6 [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan sabha]] constituencies<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf|title=Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent|author=Shangara Ram|journal=The Gazette of India/Orissa State Gazette|number=282|date=15 December 2006}}</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref> of Kendujhar district and the elected members<ref>{{cite web|url=http://odishaassembly.nic.in/MLAprof.aspx|title=List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly|website=odishaassembly.nic.in|access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref> of that area.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Constituency
!Reservation
!Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks)
!Member of 15th Assembly
!Party
|-
!20
|[[Telkoi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Telkoi]]
|ST
|Harichandanpur, Telkoi, Banspal (Part)
| Premananda Naik
| style="background:#004225;"|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!21
|[[Ghasipura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ghasipura]]
|None
|Ghasipura, Ghatagaon, Anandpur (part)
|[[Badri Narayan Patra]]
|style="background:#004225;"|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!22
|[[Anandapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Anandapur]]
|SC
| Anandapur (M), Hatadihi, Anandapur (part) 
| Bhagirathi sethi
| style="background:#004225;"|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!23
|[[Patna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patna]]
|ST
|Patna, Saharpada, Jhumpura (part), Champua (part)
|Jagannath Naik
|style="background:#004225;"|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|-
!24
|[[Keonjhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Keonjhar]]
|ST
| Keonjhar (M), Keonjhar, Jhumpura (part) , Bansapal (Part) 
|Mohan Majhi
| style="background:#FF9933;"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
!25
|[[Champua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Champua]]
|None
|Joda (M), Barbil (M), Joda, Champua (part)
|Meenakshi Mahanta
|style="background:#004225;"|[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Kendujhargarh palace.jpg|none|thumb|201x201px|Kendujhargarh palace walls.]]
[[File:Khandadhar Waterfall Kendujhar 02.jpg|none|thumb|168x168px|Khandadhar waterfalls]]
[[File:Badaghagara Kendujhar.jpg|none|thumb|181x181px|Badaghaghra waterfall, Keonjhar]]
[[File:Taarini Temple.JPG|center|thumb|Ghatagaon Tarini temple]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://kendujhar.nic.in/}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100211023356/http://indiatravelite.com/orissa/otdcpanthanivaskeonjhar.htm indiatravelite.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100328111122/http://gis.ori.nic.in/ gis.ori.nic.in]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kendujhar district
|North = [[West Singhbhum district]], Jharkhand
|Northeast =
|East = [[Mayurbhanj district]]
|Southeast = [[Baleshwar district]] [[Bhadrak district]]
|South = [[Jajapur district]]
|Southwest = [[Dhenkanal district]]
|West = [[Anugul district]]
|Northwest = [[Sundergarh district]]
}}

{{Kendujhar district}}
{{Orissa}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kendujhar District}}
[[Category:Kendujhar district| ]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Odisha]]

Kendujhar district - Revision history

Dwatson32 at 01:29, 29 December 2025

2409:4062:4E0D:727A:4807:21DB:D91E:1C8D at 02:37, 6 October 2021

imported>Keonjhar1948 at 18:13, 15 July 2021

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:07, 6 October 2021
Line 184:		Line 184:

	==Culture and Heritage of Keonjhar==		==Culture and Heritage of Keonjhar==
	The culture of Keonjhar district is mainly tribal culture of different tribes residing in this district. The district administration recognised important tribal festivals among which are the festivals of Sohrai, Gaumara Parab, Sarhul, Mage Parab, Baa Parab, Hermuutu, Heroh Parab, Karam Parab, Jomnama Parab, Uda Parab, and Baruni Jatra.<ref name=kendujhar>[https://kendujhar.nic.in/culture-heritage/ Culture & Heritage] Retrieved 3 July 2018.</ref>		The culture of Keonjhar district is mainly tribal culture of different tribes residing in this district. The district administration recognised important tribal festivals among which are the festivals of Sohrai, Gaumara Parab, Sarhul, Mage Parab, Baa Parab, Hermuutu, Heroh Parab, Karam Parab, Jomnama Parab,Jomsuim, Uda Parab, and Baruni Jatra.<ref name=kendujhar>[https://kendujhar.nic.in/culture-heritage/ Culture & Heritage] Retrieved 3 July 2018.</ref>

	==Folk Dance of Keonjhar==		==Folk Dance of Keonjhar==