imported>Bada Kaji: Bagmati Pradesh → Bagmati Province

2021-08-19T15:46:43Z

Bagmati Pradesh → Bagmati Province

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{{short description|Nepali poet (1914–1998)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{use Indian English|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
|name=Kedar Man Vyathit
|honorific prefix=
|native_name=केदारमान व्यथित
|native_name_lang=ne
|pseudonym=Vyathit
|birth_date= [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]] 1971 BS (Oct/Nov 1914)
|birth_place=[[Bansbari]], [[Sindhupalchok District|Sindhupalchok]], [[Bagmati Province|Bagmati]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1998|09|10|1914|df=yes}}
|death_place=[[Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital|TU Teaching Hospital]], Maharajgunj, [[Kathmandu]]
|occupation={{cslist|Poet|Activist|Politician}}
|language={{cslist|Nepali|Newar|Hindi}}
|nationality=Nepali
|education={{ordinal|3}} grade
|period={{circa}} 1946–{{circa}} 1983
|spouse=Jyotsana Pradhan ({{circa}} 1932–unknown)
|children=10 (6 sons, 4 daughters)
|parents={{ubl|Suryaman Shrestha|Padma Kumari Shrestha}}
|awards={{plainlist|{{Awards|''Vednidhi Puraskar''|1989-90|}}{{Awards|''Jyotirmaya Trisaktipatta''– First class|year unknown|}}{{Awards|''[[Madan Puraskar]]''|1992-93|}}{{Awards|''Jagadambashri Puraskar''|year unknown|}}{{Awards|''Gorkha Dakshinbahu''– First class|year unknown|}}}}
|years active={{circa}} 1939–1998
|module=
{{Infobox officeholder
|embed=yes
|office=Founding secretary of Nepali Citizens Rights Committee
|term_start={{circa}} 1940 CE
|term_end=unknown
|office2=[[Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport (Nepal)|Minister of Transport and Communications]]
|term_start2=1962
|term_end2=unknown
|monarch2=[[Mahendra of Nepal|Mahendra]]
|office3=[[Nepal Academy|Chancellor of Royal Nepal Academy]]
|term_start3=unknown
|term_end3=unknown
|predecessor3=[[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]]
|office4=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
|term_start4={{circa}} 1979
|term_end4=unknown
|monarch4=[[Birendra of Nepal|Birendra]]
|office5=Founding secretary of Nepali Literature Institute
|term_start5=1962
|term_end5={{circa}} 1964
|office6=President of Nepali Literature Institute
|term_start6={{circa}} 1964
|term_end6=unknown
}}
}}
'''Kedar Man Vyathit''' ({{lang-ne|केदारमान व्यथित}} (1971–2055 [[Bikram Sambat|BS]]); also spelt, first name:'''Kedarman''', last name:'''Byathit''' (1914–1998 CE)) was a [[Nepalis|Nepali]] poet of [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Newar language|Newar]] and [[Hindi Language|Hindi languages]]. Educated up to the third grade, he started out as an employee of a timber godown, but later co-founded ''Nepali Citizens Rights Forum'' with [[Sukraraj Shastri]]. Sentenced to 18 years for treason by the [[Rana regime]] in 1997 BS (1942 CE), he was tutored in poetry by [[Siddhicharan Shrestha]] in prison. After the fall of the Ranas, he grew close to the monarchy, becoming a member of [[King Tribhuvan]]'s Adviser Assembly, and, later, cabinet minister during both [[King Mahendra]] and [[King Birendra]]'s reign. He was confined to bed for a number of his final years, having injured himself in a [[Falling (accident)|fall]].

He published at least 23 volumes of poetry— sixteen in Nepali, and four each in Newari and Hindi. His poems are usually written in metrical verse and are very brief, rarely exceeding a page in length. His early poems are melancholic, pessimistic or revolutionary, in keeping with his incarceration during a time of revolution against the tyranny of the Ranas. His later poems have themes of human love including some eroticism, and natural beauty. He played a pivotal role in the development of Nepali literature, both as a central figure of a literary generation that transitioned it from a more Sanskritic Hindu tradition to a modern one, and through his organisational activities, chief among them, a series of national and international literary conferences.<ref name=hutt/><ref name=sks/>

== Life ==
=== Childhood and youth ===
Vyathit was born Kedar Man Shrestha,<ref name=os>{{Cite web|url=http://onlinesahitya.com/Kedar-Man-Byathit|title=केदारमान व्यथित {{!}} Online Sahitya|website=onlinesahitya.com|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> in [[Kartik (month)|Kartik]], 1971 BS (Oct–Nov, 1914), to father Suryaman and mother Padma Kumari Shrestha, in a village called Baune Pati<ref name="os" /> or Banaune Pati,<ref name="madan" /> in [[Bansbari]] of [[Sindhupalchok District]] in east-central Nepal.<ref name=madan>{{Cite web|url=http://madanpuraskar.org/guthi/people/kedar-man-bethit/|title=केदारमान व्यथित – मदन पुरस्कार गुठी|website=madanpuraskar.org|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> As an infant, he was taken to his maternal uncle/grandparents' home in [[Syangja District|Syangja]], where he was raised for four years before being moved again, to be raised in [[Kathmandu District|Kathmandu]].<ref name=sks>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samakalinsahitya.com/index.php?show=detail&art_id=3336|title=केदारमान व्यथित {{!}} www.samakalinsahitya.com|website=www.samakalinsahitya.com|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> He dropped out of school after passing the third grade, and worked in a timber godown.<ref name=sks/>

Around the age of 18, he married Jyotsana Pradhan, daughter of Chakrasundar and Shivamaya Pradhan.<ref name=sks/> He had 10 children with her— six sons and four daughters.<ref name=sks/>

=== Before the 1951 revolution ===
He was the founding secretary of ''Nepali Citizens Rights Committee'' that he co-founded with [[Sukraraj Shastri]].<ref name=sks/> On 2 Kartik 1997 BS (October 1940 CE), he was charged with treason and sentenced to 18 years in prison with seizure of all his property.<ref name=sks/> While in prison, [[Siddhi Charan Shrestha]] helped him develop his poetry.<ref name=sks/> He continued his political activism in prison. He sat on a hunger strike for 21 days demanding improvements in living conditions for the prisoners.<ref name=sks/> He was released in 1945. The same year, he convened Nepal's first literary conference.<ref name=hutt/> In 2003 BS (1946-47 CE), he had significant involvement in the establishment of Nepali Literary Council.<ref name=sks/> He then went to India to join the democracy activists there. In India, he joined the Nepali National Congress, and was nominated a member of the Central Struggle Committee.<ref name=sks/> He was accused in the Jharokhar Shooting Incident of [[Rautahat District|Rautahat]]; he was arrested by Indian Police upon request from the Rana regime. [[BP Koirala]] convinced [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] to not extradite him, and so he was imprisoned in Bihar jail instead. After 18 months of jail, he was released by the request of the government following the establishment of democracy in Nepal.<ref name=sks/>

=== After 1951 ===
Vyathit was nominated a member of King Tribhuvan's Advisor Council. He founded the Leftist Congress under his own chairmanship following an ideological dispute with BP Koirala, but it failed to gain any ground and quickly disappeared into obscurity.<ref name=sks/> He was one of the founders of the Poetry Society that was established in 2013 BS (1956-57 CE) under the chairmanship of [[Laxmi Prasad Devkota]].<ref name=sks/>

Vyathit was close to [[Mahendra of Nepal|King Mahendra]]. Mahendra gifted him land and cash to build a home. Mahendra appointed him Chancellor of Royal Nepal Academy {{circa}} 1969 CE, as a successor to himself, making him the first commoner to hold the position.<ref name=sks/> Vyathit became the Minister of Transport and Communications in 1962, after Mahendra deposed the democratic government and initiated the partyless [[Panchayat System]].<ref name=hutt/> In 1962, Vyathit founded Nepali Literature Institute, the first literary institution in Nepal.<ref name=hutt/> He was the founding secretary of the Institute; he became the chairperson two years later.<ref name=sks/>

In 2019 BS (1962-63 CE), an international literary conference was held in Kathmandu under his leadership. He directed or guided national literary conferences in various cities throughout Nepal in the next decade.<ref name=sks/> King Mahendra, pen named M. B. B Shah, was among the participants.<ref name=ap/> He was also known for holding mini-conferences and poetry recitals in his home.<ref name=ap>{{Cite web|url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/89369|title=लहडी कवि|website=लहडी कवि|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}</ref>

He was the [[Home Minister (Nepal)|Home Minister]] in 2036 BS (1979-80 CE) during the [[1979 Nepalese student protests|democracy protests]] and the subsequent [[1980 Nepalese governmental system referendum|referendum on the political system]] governing the country. He was criticised for the use of force by the Police during the protests. According to Govinda Giri Prerana, he vowed never to accept a ministerial position again.<ref name=ap/>

=== Death ===
He died on 10 September 1998 CE<ref name=madan/> while undergoing treatment at [[TU Teaching Hospital]] in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. He was confined to bed in his final years, after he fell down in the bathroom of [[Royal Nepal Academy]] and broke his leg.<ref name=sks/>

== Awards and recognition ==
Vyathit was awarded ''Bedhnidhi Puraskar'' in 2046 BS (1989-90 CE).<ref name=os/> He was awarded the ''[[Madan Puraskar]]'' in 2049 BS (1992-93 CE) in recognition of his 50 years of service to Nepali literature through his writings as well as institutional roles and organisational activities.<ref name=madan/> He was also a recipient of the ''[[Order of Tri Shakti Patta|Jyotirmaya Trisakti Patta]]''–First class<ref name=os/> and ''[[Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu|Gorkha Dakshin Bahu]]''–First class. Notable among his other awards include ''Prithvi Pragya Puraskar'', ''Shrestha Sirapa Puraskar'', ''Jagadambashree Puraskar'' and ''Sitaram Puraskar''.<ref name=sks/>

Nai Prakashan conferred him the title of "Rajkavi".<ref name=sks/> [[Madan Mani Dixit]] had conferred him the title of "Vishwakavi" and advocated vociferously for public acceptance of the title; he did not succeed.<ref name=ap/>

== Works ==
He published at least 23 volumes of poem collection, sixteen of them in Nepal, and four each in Newari and Hindi.<ref name=hutt>{{Cite book|last=Hutt|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GFOW1iURsIC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66|title=Himalayan Voices: An Introduction to Modern Nepali Literature|date=1993|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|isbn=978-81-208-1156-0|language=en}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''Sangam'' (Confluence, 1952)
*''2009 salko Kavita'' (Poems of the year 2009[BS], 1952-53)<ref name=os/>
*''Pranava'' (Obeisance, 1957)
*''Ek Din'' (One Day, 1958)
*''Triveni'' ([Confluence of] three rivers, 1958)
*''Juneli'' (Moonlight, 1962)
*''Sapta Parna'' (Seven Feathers, 1967)
*''Nari: Rasa, Madhurya, Aloka'' (Woman: Flavour, Sweetness, Brightness, 1968)
*''Avaj'' (The Voice, 1974)
*''Badalirahane Badalka Akriti'' (The Ever-changing Shapes of Clouds, 1976)
*''Mero Sapanama Hamro Desh ra Hami'' (Us and Our Country in My Dreams, 1977)
*''Ras Triphala'' (Three Fruit of Flavour, 1981)
*''Agni-Shringar'' (Fire-Decoration, 1982)
*''Sanchayita''[Collector]<ref name=os/>
*''Saptarna'' (2028 BS (1971-72 CE))
*''Feri Arko Euta Kurukshetra''[Again, one other [[Kurukshetra War|Kurukshetra]]]<ref name=os/>
*''Pratikshya''[Wait{{smaller|(noun)}}], in Newari<ref name=os/>
*''Diwas Chitra''[Image of a day], in Newari<ref name=os/>
*''Swawin Pyah Gumye'', in Newari<ref name=os/>
*''Chwasa'', in Newari<ref name=os/>
*''Hamara Desh - Hamara Swapna''[Our Country - Our Dream], in Hindi<ref name=os/>
*''Trayi'', in Hindi<ref name=os/>
*''Selected Poems'', in English<ref name=os/>
}}
He also wrote the poem ''Meri Priyasi: Prajatantrik Swatantrata''[My love: Democratic Freedom] in 2034 BS (1977-78 CE).<ref name=os/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vyathit, Kedar Man}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Nepalese poets]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Nepal]]
[[Category:People from Sindhupalchowk District]]

Kedar Man Vyathit - Revision history

imported>Bada Kaji: Bagmati Pradesh → Bagmati Province