Ambaputra: reworked section additionally and updated info

2025-07-09T11:39:05Z

reworked section additionally and updated info

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 9 July 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Fort in India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2019}}
Line 32:		Line 33:
	}}		}}

	'''Kavualedurga Fort''' ([[Kannada]] ಕವಲೇದುರ್ಗದ ಕೋಟೆ) is a 9th-century fort {{convert\|18\|km\|abbr=on}} from [[Thirthahalli]], [[Shimoga]].It was the fourth and last capital of [[Keladi]] kingdom.		'''Kavualedurga Fort''' ([[Kannada]] ಕವಲೇದುರ್ಗದ ಕೋಟೆ) is a 9th-century fort {{convert\|18\|km\|abbr=on}} from [[Thirthahalli]], [[Shimoga]]. It was the fourth and last capital of [[Keladi]] kingdom. The fort was administered by the [[Nayakas of Keladi\|Keladi Nayakas]] from 1499 and later asserted its independence following the 1565 fall of [[Vijayanagara Empire\|Vijayanagara]], enduring sieges and serving as a refuge for figures such as Queen [[Keladi Chennamma\|Chennamma]] in 1677 and the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha]] prince [[Rajaram I\|Rajaram]] in 1689. Under successive [[Kingdom of Mysore\|Mysore rulers]] it saw intermittent garrison use before gradual abandonment left its concentric walls, hidden stairways, and temple ruins to decay amid lush monsoon foliage.

	==History==		== History ==
	~~The fort was built in~~ the 9th century, ~~and it was renovated in~~ the ~~14th century by Cheluvarangappa~~.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|url=~~http~~://~~rakeshholla~~.~~blogspot~~.in/~~2010/01~~/~~kavaledurga~~.~~html~~\|title = ~~The Voice~~ of ~~Greenery~~ - ~~Trekking and Travelling~~ in ~~Western Ghats~~: ~~Kavaledurga, the impregnable Forthill~~\|date = ~~4 January 2010~~}}</ref> Kavaledurga, ~~also called Bhuvanagiri~~, ~~was~~ a ~~stronghold of~~ the [[~~Nayakas of Keladi~~]], ~~who were~~ the ~~feudatories~~ under ~~the Vijayaanagara~~ rulers and ~~later became independent after~~ the ~~fall of~~ the ~~[[Vijayanagara Empire~~\|~~Vijayanagara kingdom]]~~.		Kavaledurga, often called the "Sentinel Fort" or "Bhuvanagiri Durga", occupies a heavily forested hilltop whose earliest fortifications may date back to the 9th century, when its natural ramparts first drew [[Chola Empire\|Chola]] military builders to the site.<ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/22762.pdf \|title=Annual Report on the Archeological Survey of Mysore \|date=30 June 1901 \|publisher=Government Review Thereon \|location=Mysore}}</ref> From 1499 AD the [[Nayakas of Keladi\|Keladi Nayakas]], initially vassals of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]], administered the fortress.<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite web \|last=Gupta \|first=Meenakshi \|date=2022-05-20 \|title=Forts in Karnataka \|url=https://karnatakatourism.org/forts-in-karnataka/page/3/ \|access-date=2025-07-08 \|website=Karnataka Tourism \|language=en-GB}}</ref> After the fall of Vijayanagara in 1565, Kavaledurga declared independence and held sway here until [[Hyder Ali]] annexed their territories in 1763. Under King Venkatappa Nayaka in the 16th century, the fort was extensively strengthened, and in 1677 Queen Chennamma having fled the [[Bijapur]] siege of her capital at [[Nagara, Karnataka\|Bidanur]] used Kavaledurga as a secure base from which to rally her forces and recapture Nagara. Later, in 1689, the young Maratha prince [[Rajaram I\|Rajaram]] found asylum within its walls while on the run from [[Aurangzeb\|Aurangzeb’s]] armies, cementing the fort's reputation as a sanctuary against imperial aggression. Thereafter Kavaledurga saw intermittent garrison use under Mysore's rulers before gradually falling into ruin, its crumbling ramparts and temple ruins now echoing the region's tumultuous medieval and early modern history.<ref name="DH">{{Cite web \|title=A fortress in the wilderness \|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/581059/a-fortress-wilderness.html \|access-date=2025-07-08 \|website=Deccan Herald \|language=en}}</ref>

	Venkatappa Nayaka (1582-1629) fortified the place here. Built a palace and made it an Agrahara with a Mahattina Matha. A Sringeri Matha. A treasury, a granary, stables for elephants and horses and ponds. The fort at Kavaledurga has three lines of walls, which are constructed of huge granite blocks following the natural contour of the hillock. Each fortification has a gateway flanked by guard- rooms on either side In between the fortifications there are temples, a ruined palace site and basement of structures.		== Architecture ==

	At the summit of the hill almost at the centre overlooking the western sea is a small temple popularly known as Shikhareshvara or Srikanthesvara temple. The Srikanthesvara temple on plan has a Garbhagriha. A Nandi mantapa and an entrance porch commanding a fine view of the setting sun beyond the western horizon. There is also a ruins of kashi vishwanath temple.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=~~2018-08-16\|title~~=~~The forgotten splendour of Kavaledurga\|url~~=~~https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/forgotten-splendour-687834.html\|access-date~~=~~2020-09-08\|website=Deccan Herald\|language=en}}</ref>~~

	The palace site within the fort has ornate basement of a large terraced structure. Recent clearance in the area has laid bare series of interconnected rooms enclosing a spacious inner quadrangle this is provided with a frontal spacious pillared Verandah A pooja room, kitchen with, five burner oven in stone, stone platform in the bath room with well developed water supply system, a large closed verandah leading to a stepped tank provide an insight into the palace architecture of the place.
	[[File:Kavaledurga Jain Temple Ruins.jpg\|thumb\|kashi vishwanath temple ruins with [[Manastambha]] outside the temple.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2018-08-16\|title=The forgotten splendour of Kavaledurga\|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/forgotten-splendour-687834.html\|access-date=2020-09-08\|website=Deccan Herald\|language=en}}</ref>]]

	[[File:Old_Laxminarayana_temple,_Kavaledurga_fort.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Old narsimha temple view]]		[[File:Old_Laxminarayana_temple,_Kavaledurga_fort.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Old narsimha temple view]]
			Kavaledurga Fort is termed as a marvel of medieval engineering, its multiple levels were aligned with the hill's natural contours, blending stone fortifications with boulders and outcrops for camouflage. The fort houses remnants of a once-extensive palace, including a plinth, numerous stone columns, a T-shaped stepped tank, a stone toilet, and even a firewood stove, all carved from stone.<ref name="DH">{{Cite web \|title=A fortress in the wilderness \|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/581059/a-fortress-wilderness.html \|access-date=2025-07-08 \|website=Deccan Herald \|language=en}}</ref> Its inner fortifications include a small stone gateway accessed via a stairway, while strategically placed structures like a linga-shrine perched on a rocky outcrop reflect the builders' architectural ambition. The fort's three concentric walls, hidden pathways, and integration with lush monsoon foliage highlight its strategic design and its harmony with the surrounding Western Ghats landscape.<ref name="Gupta">{{Cite web \|last=Gupta \|first=Meenakshi \|date=2022-05-20 \|title=Forts in Karnataka \|url=https://karnatakatourism.org/forts-in-karnataka/page/3/ \|access-date=2025-07-08 \|website=Karnataka Tourism \|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|last=indianpanorama \|title=Kavaledurga Fort {{!}} Heritage {{!}} Karnataka {{!}} Indian Panorama \|url=https://www.indianpanorama.in/experiences/heritage/forts/kavaledurga-fort.php \|access-date=2025-07-08 \|website=Indianpanorama \|language=en}}</ref>
	== ~~Nearby Places~~ ==
	* [[Thirthahalli]]
	* [[Kundapur]]
	* [[Kodachadri]]
	* [[Udupi]]
	* [[Ambutheertha]]
	* [[Shivamogga]]
	* [[Nagara fort]]
	* [[Jog falls]]
	* [[Kunchikal Falls]]
	* [[Agumbe]]
	* [[Hulikal]]
	* [[Kundadri]]
	* [[Kuppalli]]

	==References==		==References==
Line 67:		Line 49:
	{{commons category\|Kavaledurga Fort}}		{{commons category\|Kavaledurga Fort}}

	[[Category:~~Buildings and structures completed in the~~ 9th century]]		[[Category:9th-century fortifications]]
	[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]		[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]
	[[Category:Buildings and structures in Shimoga district]]		[[Category:Buildings and structures in Shimoga district]]
	[[Category:~~Nayakas~~ of Keladi]]		[[Category:Forts of the Keladi Nayaka Dynasty]]

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-10-20T17:34:31Z

robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Kavaledurga Fort
|partof = [[Tirthahalli, Karnataka|Tirthahalli]]
|location=[[Tirthahalli, Karnataka|Tirthahalli]], [[India]]
|image = Aerial view of Kavale Durga Fort, Thirthahalli, Shimoga.jpg
|caption = Aerial view
|map_type = India Karnataka
|map_size = 300
|map_caption =
|type = [[Fort]]
|coordinates = {{coord|13.71879|75.12198|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|code =
|built = 9th century<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mysticaltrails.com/kavaledurga/ |title=Kavaledurga | Mysticaltrails.com |access-date=24 October 2012 |archive-date=10 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410130139/http://www.mysticaltrails.com/kavaledurga/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|builder =
|materials = [[Granites]]
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = Ruins
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = [[Archaeological survey of india]]
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
|image2 =
|caption2 =
}}

'''Kavualedurga Fort''' ([[Kannada]] ಕವಲೇದುರ್ಗದ ಕೋಟೆ) is a 9th-century fort {{convert|18|km|abbr=on}} from [[Thirthahalli]], [[Shimoga]].It was the fourth and last capital of [[Keladi]] kingdom.

==History==
The fort was built in the 9th century, and it was renovated in the 14th century by Cheluvarangappa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rakeshholla.blogspot.in/2010/01/kavaledurga.html|title = The Voice of Greenery - Trekking and Travelling in Western Ghats: Kavaledurga, the impregnable Forthill|date = 4 January 2010}}</ref> Kavaledurga, also called Bhuvanagiri, was a stronghold of the [[Nayakas of Keladi]], who were the feudatories under the Vijayaanagara rulers and later became independent after the fall of the [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara kingdom]].

Venkatappa Nayaka (1582-1629) fortified the place here. Built a palace and made it an Agrahara with a Mahattina Matha. A Sringeri Matha. A treasury, a granary, stables for elephants and horses and ponds. The fort at Kavaledurga has three lines of walls, which are constructed of huge granite blocks following the natural contour of the hillock. Each fortification has a gateway flanked by guard- rooms on either side In between the fortifications there are temples, a ruined palace site and basement of structures.

At the summit of the hill almost at the centre overlooking the western sea is a small temple popularly known as Shikhareshvara or Srikanthesvara temple. The Srikanthesvara temple on plan has a Garbhagriha. A Nandi mantapa and an entrance porch commanding a fine view of the setting sun beyond the western horizon. There is also a ruins of kashi vishwanath temple.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=The forgotten splendour of Kavaledurga|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/forgotten-splendour-687834.html|access-date=2020-09-08|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>

The palace site within the fort has ornate basement of a large terraced structure. Recent clearance in the area has laid bare series of interconnected rooms enclosing a spacious inner quadrangle this is provided with a frontal spacious pillared Verandah A pooja room, kitchen with, five burner oven in stone, stone platform in the bath room with well developed water supply system, a large closed verandah leading to a stepped tank provide an insight into the palace architecture of the place.
[[File:Kavaledurga Jain Temple Ruins.jpg|thumb|kashi vishwanath temple ruins with [[Manastambha]] outside the temple.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=The forgotten splendour of Kavaledurga|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/forgotten-splendour-687834.html|access-date=2020-09-08|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref>]]

[[File:Old_Laxminarayana_temple,_Kavaledurga_fort.jpg|thumb|right|Old narsimha temple view]]

== Nearby Places ==
* [[Thirthahalli]]
* [[Kundapur]]
* [[Kodachadri]]
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Ambutheertha]]
* [[Shivamogga]]
* [[Nagara fort]]
* [[Jog falls]]
* [[Kunchikal Falls]]
* [[Agumbe]]
* [[Hulikal]]
* [[Kundadri]]
* [[Kuppalli]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kavaledurga Fort}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in the 9th century]]
[[Category:Forts in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Shimoga district]]
[[Category:Nayakas of Keladi]]

Kavaledurga Fort - Revision history

Ambaputra: reworked section additionally and updated info

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.