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{{Short description|Chicken breed}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}

'''Kaunayen''' ({{Script|Mtei|ꯀꯥꯎꯅꯌꯦꯟ}}) is an indigenous chicken breed from the [[Imphal Valley]] of [[Manipur]], India. It is traditionally reared by the [[Manipuri people]] in backyard systems and is mainly used for [[cockfighting]]. The breed is known for its fighting ability and distinct physical traits.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=VIJ|first=P K|last2=TANTIA|first2=M S|last3=SINGH|first3=TH RANADHIR|date=2016-09-15|title=Kaunayen chicken – a new indigenous germplasm from Manipur|url=https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/61588|journal=The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences|language=en|volume=86|issue=9|issn=2394-3327}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Mutum|first=Robin Singh|last2=Das|first2=Abhik|last3=Ghosh|first3=Sankar Kumar|last4=Wangkheimayum|first4=Vidyarani Devi|date=2025-01-01|title=The origins of "Kaunayen" game fowls of Manipur, India: Insights from mitochondrial D-loop sequence analysis|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579124012458|journal=Poultry Science|volume=104|issue=1|article-number=104667|doi=10.1016/j.psj.2024.104667|issn=0032-5791|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Mutum|first=Robin Singh|last2=Wangkheimayum|first2=Vidyarani Devi|date=2023-12-11|title=DNA barcoding of indigenous fowl of Manipur, Kaunayen ( Gallus gallus domesticus )|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10495398.2022.2155178|journal=Animal Biotechnology|language=en|volume=34|issue=9|pages=4430–4434|doi=10.1080/10495398.2022.2155178|issn=1049-5398|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Recognition ==

Kaunayen was officially registered as an indigenous chicken breed by the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] – National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBAGR) in June 2016. It became the 17th registered chicken breed in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tribune|first=The Assam|date=2026-01-16|title=Manipuri duck 'Meitei Nganu' registered as indigenous breed by ICAR|url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/manipuri-duck-meitei-nganu-registered-as-indigenous-breed-by-icar-1604564|access-date=2026-01-18|website=assamtribune.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Distribution ==

The breed is native to Manipur and is mainly found in the Imphal Valley. Although it shows variation among birds from different parts of the state, Kaunayen chickens share common physical and behavioral traits.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Physical characteristics ==

Kaunayen chickens have an elongated body, long neck, and long legs. Broodiness is common in hens.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

Plumage color is usually black or brown. Males often show a patchy pattern, while females usually have a solid color. Adult cocks commonly have shining bluish-black feathers on the wings, breast, tail, and thighs. In fighting cocks, the neck, breast, and thighs are often bare, hard, and rose-red in color.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

The comb is red and pea-shaped.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Weight ===

The average body weight of an adult cock is about 3.01 kg, while an adult hen weighs around 2.32 kg.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Eggs ===

A Kaunayen hen lays about 35 eggs per year. The eggs are medium-sized, with an average weight of about 42.43 g. The shell color is brown.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

* Egg quality measurements include:

* Albumen index: 0.07

* Yolk index: 0.38

* Haugh unit: 76.88<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Related breeds ==

Morphologically, Kaunayen chickens appear similar to Danki and [[Aseel (chicken)|Aseel]] breeds. However, Kaunayen is native to Manipur, which is geographically distant and isolated from the breeding areas of Danki and Aseel. Due to long-term adaptation to local conditions, Kaunayen is considered a distinct population of fighting chickens.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Genetic characteristics ==

Despite being registered as a single breed, Kaunayen chickens show high genetic diversity within the population. Molecular studies indicate that the breed is phylogenetically closer to Southeast Asian chickens, with links to some East Asian and South Asian breeds. The findings support Kaunayen as a distinct indigenous breed with unique genetic features.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== See also ==
* [[Kakyen]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Notelist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Meitei culture]]
[[Category:Chicken breeds originating in India]]

Kaunayen chicken - Revision history

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