Kashyapa - Revision history

RowenaGlenny3: small changes

2026-03-06T03:40:11Z

small changes

Jhonsyrani at 06:42, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T06:42:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:12, 15 June 2022
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	===Wives and children===		===Wives and children===
	~~[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\| Diti is usually depicted as being cruel to her husband Kashyapa ]]~~
	The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />		The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

Jhonsyrani at 06:32, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T06:32:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:02, 15 June 2022
Line 70:		Line 70:

	===Wives and children===		===Wives and children===
	[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\|Diti ~~was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa~~]]		[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\| Diti is usually depicted as being cruel to her husband Kashyapa ]]

	The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />		The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

Jhonsyrani at 06:28, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T06:28:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 15 June 2022
Line 71:		Line 71:
	===Wives and children===		===Wives and children===
	[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\|Diti was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa]]		[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\|Diti was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa]]


	The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />		The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

Jhonsyrani: /* Wives and children */

2022-06-15T06:28:17Z

Wives and children

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 15 June 2022
Line 70:		Line 70:

	===Wives and children===		===Wives and children===
	[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|~~right~~\|Diti was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa]]		[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|upright\|Diti was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa]]

Jhonsyrani at 06:26, 15 June 2022

2022-06-15T06:26:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:56, 15 June 2022
Line 70:		Line 70:

	===Wives and children===		===Wives and children===
			[[File:Diti, The Mother Of Demons,.png\|thumb\|right\|Diti was the other miserable wife of Kaśyapa]]


	The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />		The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book\|author=John E. Mitchiner\|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC \|year=2000\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-1324-3\|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana\|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book \|title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 \|publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi \|first=Dinesh Prasad \|last=Saklani \|year=1998 \|isbn=978-81-7387090-3 \|page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book \|title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature \|url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up \| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers \|year = 1975\| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 \|first = Vettam\|last = Mani\|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

	Kashyapa, in the ''Vishnu Purana'' and ''Vayu Purana'', is attributed to be the father of the [[Deva (Hinduism)\|Deva]]s, [[Danava (Hinduism)\|Danava]]s, [[Yaksha]]s, [[Daitya]]s and all living creatures with various daughters of [[Daksha]]. He married Aditi, with whom he fathered the [[Aditya]]s, and in two inconsistent versions [[Vamana]], an ''[[avatar]]'' of Vishnu, is the child of Aditi and Kashyapa.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp075.htm Account of the several Manus and Manwantaras] [[Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840, Quote:"Vishńu was born of Vikunthi, as Vaikuntha, along with the deities called Vaikunthas. In the present Manwantara, '''Vishńu was again born as Vámana, the son of Kaśyapa by Adití'''. With three paces he subdued the worlds, and gave them, freed from all embarrassment, to Purandara.", Footnote 4: "The Váyu describes the Rishis (...) with some inconsistency, for Kaśyapa, at least, did not appear himself until the seventh, Manwantara. (...) The Bráhma P. and Hari Vanśa have a rather different list (...)"</ref> In these religious texts, Kashyapa is the brother-in-law of [[Adharma\|Dharma and Adharma]], both of whom are also described as married to other daughters of [[Daksha]].<ref name=wilson>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp041.htm Vishnu Purana], HH Wilson (Translator), Chapter 7</ref>		Kashyapa, in the ''Vishnu Purana'' and ''Vayu Purana'', is attributed to be the father of the [[Deva (Hinduism)\|Deva]]s, [[Danava (Hinduism)\|Danava]]s, [[Yaksha]]s, [[Daitya]]s and all living creatures with various daughters of [[Daksha]]. He married Aditi, with whom he fathered the [[Aditya]]s, and in two inconsistent versions [[Vamana]], an ''[[avatar]]'' of Vishnu, is the child of Aditi and Kashyapa.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp075.htm Account of the several Manus and Manwantaras] [[Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840, Quote:"Vishńu was born of Vikunthi, as Vaikuntha, along with the deities called Vaikunthas. In the present Manwantara, '''Vishńu was again born as Vámana, the son of Kaśyapa by Adití'''. With three paces he subdued the worlds, and gave them, freed from all embarrassment, to Purandara.", Footnote 4: "The Váyu describes the Rishis (...) with some inconsistency, for Kaśyapa, at least, did not appear himself until the seventh, Manwantara. (...) The Bráhma P. and Hari Vanśa have a rather different list (...)"</ref> In these religious texts, Kashyapa is the brother-in-law of [[Adharma\|Dharma and Adharma]], both of whom are also described as married to other daughters of [[Daksha]].<ref name=wilson>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp041.htm Vishnu Purana], HH Wilson (Translator), Chapter 7</ref>

	==Attributions==		==Attributions==
	Kashyapa is revered in the Hindu tradition, and numerous legends and texts composed in the medieval era are reverentially attributed to him in various Hindu traditions. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:		Kashyapa is revered in the Hindu tradition, and numerous legends and texts composed in the medieval era are reverentially attributed to him in various Hindu traditions. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:

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	\| caption = Statue of Kashyapa in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India		\| caption = Statue of Kashyapa in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
	\| name = Kashyapa		\| name = Kashyapa
	\| children = [[Adityas]], [[Rudras]] & [[Vasus]]; [[Daitya]]s & [[Maruts]]; [[Danava (Hinduism)\|Danava]]s; Birds; Krodhavasas; [[Nāga]]s, Manasa, Iravati; ~~Cows~~ & ~~Bulls~~; [[Gandharvas]]; [[Apsara]]		\| children = [[Adityas]], [[Rudras]] & [[Vasus]]; [[Daitya]]s & [[Maruts]]; [[Danava (Hinduism)\|Danava]]s; [[Birds]]; [[Krodhavasas]]; [[Nāga]]s, [[Manasa]], [[Iravati]]; [[Cow (mythology\|cow]] & [[Bull]]s; [[Gandharvas]]; [[Apsara]]
	\| father = [[Marichi]]		\| father = [[Marichi]]
	\| spouse = [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Hindu goddess)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]]		\| spouse = [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Hindu goddess)\|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)\|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)\|Muni]]
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	\| script_name = Devanagari		\| script_name = Devanagari
	\| script = कश्यप		\| script = कश्यप
	\| mother = Kalā		\| mother = [[Kalā]]
	\| member_of = [[Saptarishi]]		\| member_of = [[Saptarishi]]
	}}		}}
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	Kāshyap, alternatively Kashup, means "turtle" in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Pinault \|first1=Georges-Jean \|last2=Winter \|first2=Werner \|title=Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A \|date=2009 \|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag \|isbn=9783447058148 \|page=110 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKEfhNCEipsC&pg=PA110 \|access-date=15 February 2019 \|language=en}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel]], it is related to [[Avestan]] ''kasiiapa'', [[Sogdian language\|Sogdian]] ''kyšph'', New Persian ''kašaf'', ''kaš(a)p'' which mean "tortoise", after which Kashaf Rūd or a river in Turkmenistan and Khorasan is named.<ref>[http://michaelwitzel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ejvs0501article.pdf Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: Rgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic], Michael Witzel, page 55</ref> Other relations include to [[Tocharian languages\|Tokarian B]] ''kaccāp'' ("brainpan"), [[Polish language\|Polish]] ''kacap'' (''czerep'', "brainpan", "hardliner"),<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://glosbe.com/pl/en/kacap\|title=Polish-English Dictionary\|publisher=glosbe.com\|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Tocharian languages\|Tokarian A]] ''kāccap'' ("turtle", "tortoise").<ref>{{cite web\| publisher=www.palaeolexicon.com\|url= http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Languages/Index#\|title=Tocharian A dictionary - k \| access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Frits Staal]] agrees that Kaśyapa means tortoise but believes that it is a non-Indo-European word.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Frits Staal\|title=Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcE23SjLX8sC&pg=PA305 \|year=2008\|publisher=Penguin Books\|isbn=978-0-14-309986-4\|page=305}}</ref>		Kāshyap, alternatively Kashup, means "turtle" in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Pinault \|first1=Georges-Jean \|last2=Winter \|first2=Werner \|title=Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A \|date=2009 \|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag \|isbn=9783447058148 \|page=110 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKEfhNCEipsC&pg=PA110 \|access-date=15 February 2019 \|language=en}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel]], it is related to [[Avestan]] ''kasiiapa'', [[Sogdian language\|Sogdian]] ''kyšph'', New Persian ''kašaf'', ''kaš(a)p'' which mean "tortoise", after which Kashaf Rūd or a river in Turkmenistan and Khorasan is named.<ref>[http://michaelwitzel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ejvs0501article.pdf Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: Rgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic], Michael Witzel, page 55</ref> Other relations include to [[Tocharian languages\|Tokarian B]] ''kaccāp'' ("brainpan"), [[Polish language\|Polish]] ''kacap'' (''czerep'', "brainpan", "hardliner"),<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://glosbe.com/pl/en/kacap\|title=Polish-English Dictionary\|publisher=glosbe.com\|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Tocharian languages\|Tokarian A]] ''kāccap'' ("turtle", "tortoise").<ref>{{cite web\| publisher=www.palaeolexicon.com\|url= http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Languages/Index#\|title=Tocharian A dictionary - k \| access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Frits Staal]] agrees that Kaśyapa means tortoise but believes that it is a non-Indo-European word.<ref>{{cite book\|author=Frits Staal\|title=Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcE23SjLX8sC&pg=PA305 \|year=2008\|publisher=Penguin Books\|isbn=978-0-14-309986-4\|page=305}}</ref>
	==History==		==History==
	Kashyapa is ~~one of [[Saptarishi]], the seven famed [[rishi]]s considered to be author of many~~ hymns ~~and verses of~~ the ''Rigveda~~'' (1500-1200 BCE){{when\|date=March 2020}}{{citation needed\|date=March 2020}}~~. He and his family of students are, for ~~example~~, the ~~author of the second verse of 10~~.~~137,~~<ref>{{~~cite book~~\|~~author1~~=~~Stephanie W. Jamison~~\|~~author-link~~=~~Stephanie W~~. ~~Jamison~~\|~~author2~~=~~Joel P. Brereton~~\|title=The ~~Rigveda\|url=https~~:~~//books.google.com/books?id=1-PRAwAAQBAJ \|year=2014\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=978-0-19-937018~~-~~4\|page=1692}}</ref> and numerous hymns in the eighth and ninth mandala~~ of the ~~''Rigveda''.<ref>{{cite book~~\|~~author1~~=~~Horace Hayman Wilson~~\|~~author2~~=~~Edward Byles Cowell~~\|~~author3~~=~~William Frederick Webster~~\|~~title~~=~~Rig-Veda-Sanhitá: The sixth and part of the seventh ashṭaka (Mandala VIII)\|url=https://books.google~~.~~com~~/~~books?id=61VFAQAAIAAJ \|year=1888\|publisher=W~~. H. ~~Allen and co~~.\|~~pages~~=~~33, 194, 224, 273, 289–303, 385, 394, 412–413~~}}</ref><ref>{{~~cite~~ book\|~~author~~=~~Ralph Griffith~~\|title=The ~~Hymns~~ of ~~the Rigveda, Vol. III~~\|~~url~~=~~https://books~~.~~google.com/books?id~~=~~x5URAAAAYAAJ~~ \|year=~~1891~~\|~~publisher~~=~~E.J. Lazarus and Company~~\|pages=~~219, 332, 407–412 with footnotes~~}}</ref> He is mentioned in verse 2.2.4 of the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]'', along with [[Atri]], [[Vashistha]], [[Vishvamitra]], [[Jamadagni]], [[Bharadwaja]] and [[Gautama Maharishi\|Gotama]].<ref>Robert Hume, ''[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n117/mode/2up The Thirteen Principal Upanishads]'', Chapter: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Oxford University Press, page 96 (verse 2.2.4)</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Stephanie W. Jamison\|title=R̥gveda entre deux mondes\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ5uAAAAMAAJ\|year=2007\|publisher=Collège de France\|isbn=978-2-86803-074-0\|page=25}}</ref> Kashyapa is also mentioned as the earliest [[rishi]] in [[Colophon (publishing)\|colophon]] verse 6.5.3 of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', one of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.<ref name=olivellekashyapa>{{cite book\|author=Patrick Olivelle\|title=Upaniṣads \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9-2jV7sRuEC \|year=1998\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=978-0-19-283576-5\|pages=93–94}}</ref>		Kashyapa is credited with composing a few hymns in the Rigveda, mainly in Mandala IX. He and his family of students are mainly composers of hymns for [[Soma (drink)\|Soma Pavamāna]] ("self-purifying Soma"), which represents a single moment in the [[Somayajna\|Soma sacrifice]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Mahadevan\|first=Thennilapuram P.\|date=2011\|title=The Ṛṣi index of the Vedic Anukramaṇī system and the Pravara lists: Toward a Pre-history of the Brahmans\|journal=Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies\|volume=18\|pages=131\|doi=10.11588/ejvs.2011.2.320\|issn=1084-7561}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Jamison\|first=Stephanie W.\|title=The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India\|last2=Brereton\|first2=Joel P.\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|year=2014\|isbn=9780199370184\|pages=1233}}</ref>

			He is mentioned in verse 2.2.4 of the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]'', along with [[Atri]], [[Vashistha]], [[Vishvamitra]], [[Jamadagni]], [[Bharadwaja]] and [[Gautama Maharishi\|Gotama]].<ref>Robert Hume, ''[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n117/mode/2up The Thirteen Principal Upanishads]'', Chapter: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Oxford University Press, page 96 (verse 2.2.4)</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Stephanie W. Jamison\|title=R̥gveda entre deux mondes\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ5uAAAAMAAJ\|year=2007\|publisher=Collège de France\|isbn=978-2-86803-074-0\|page=25}}</ref> Kashyapa is also mentioned as the earliest [[rishi]] in [[Colophon (publishing)\|colophon]] verse 6.5.3 of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', one of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.<ref name="olivellekashyapa">{{cite book\|author=Patrick Olivelle\|title=Upaniṣads \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9-2jV7sRuEC \|year=1998\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|isbn=978-0-19-283576-5\|pages=93–94}}</ref>

	Kashyapa is mentioned in other Vedas and numerous other Vedic texts. For example, in one of several cosmology-related hymns of [[Atharvaveda]] (~1000 BCE), Kashyapa is mentioned in the allegory-filled Book XIX:		Kashyapa is mentioned in other Vedas and numerous other Vedic texts. For example, in one of several cosmology-related hymns of [[Atharvaveda]] (~1000 BCE), Kashyapa is mentioned in the allegory-filled Book XIX:

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{{Short description|Vedic sage}}
{{about|Kaśhyap, a Hindu sage|the disciple of the Buddha|Mahākāśyapa|information on the early Buddha|Kassapa Buddha|the king of Sri Lanka|Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox deity
| image = Kashyapa muni statue in Andhra Pradesh.JPG
| alt = Kashyapa
| caption = Statue of Kashyapa in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| name = Kashyapa
| children = [[Adityas]], [[Rudras]] & [[Vasus]]; [[Daitya]]s & [[Maruts]]; [[Danava (Hinduism)|Danava]]s; Birds; Krodhavasas; [[Nāga]]s, Manasa, Iravati; Cows & Bulls; [[Gandharvas]]; [[Apsara]]
| father = [[Marichi]]
| spouse = [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Hindu goddess)|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)|Muni]]
| type = Hindu
| affiliation = [[Maharishi]]s
| script_name = Devanagari
| script = कश्यप
| mother = Kalā
| member_of = [[Saptarishi]]
}}
{{Hinduism}}

'''Kashyapa''' ({{lang-sa|कश्यप|[[IAST]]: Kaśyapa}}) is a revered [[Vedas|Vedic]] sage of [[Hinduism]].<ref name="Holdrege2012p229">{{cite book|author=Barbara A. Holdrege|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlvikndgEmIC|title=Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture|publisher=State University of New York Press|year=2012|isbn=978-1-4384-0695-4|pages=229–230, 692}}, Quote: "Kasyapa (Rudra),(Vedic Seer)..."</ref> He is one of the [[Saptarishi]]s, the seven ancient sages of the ''[[Rigveda]]'',{{refn|group=note|Kasyapa is mentioned in RV 9.114.2, Atri in RV 5.78.4, Bharadvaja in RV 6.25.9, Visvamitra in RV 10.167.4, Gautama in RV 1.78.1, Jamadagni in RV 3.62.18, etc.;<ref>{{cite book|author= Gudrun Bühnemann|author-link=Gudrun Bühnemann |title=Pūjā: A Study in Smārta Ritual|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=44bXAAAAMAAJ| year=1988| publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=978-3-900271-18-3|page=220}}</ref> Original Sanskrit text: ऋषे मन्त्रकृतां स्तोमैः '''कश्यपो'''द्वर्धयन्गिरः । सोमं नमस्य राजानं यो जज्ञे वीरुधां पतिरिन्द्रायेन्दो परि स्रव ॥२॥<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_९.११४ Rigveda 9.114.2], Wikisource</ref>}} as well as numerous other Sanskrit texts and Indian Religious books.<ref name="Holdrege2012p239">{{cite book|author=Barbara A. Holdrege| title=Veda and Torah: Transcending the Textuality of Scripture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YlvikndgEmIC |year=2012 |publisher= State University of New York Press|isbn=978-1-4384-0695-4|pages=239–244}}</ref><ref name="Dalal2010p200">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC| year=2010|publisher= Penguin Books| isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=200–201}}</ref> He is the most ancient [[Rishi]] listed in the colophon verse in the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]''.<ref name=olivellekashyapa/>

Kashyapa is a common ancient name, referring to many different personalities in the ancient Hindu and Buddhist texts.<ref>{{cite book|author1= Premavatī Tivārī|author2=Jīvaka Komarabhaccha|author3=Vātsya|title=Kāśyapa-saṃhitā: Vr̥ddhajīvakīyaṃ Tantraṃ Vā by Kāśyapa (Son of Marīci)| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=AaAJAAAAIAAJ| year=1996|publisher=Caukhambā Viśvabhāratī|pages=xi–xii}}</ref><ref name=hamilton81>{{cite book|author= Francis Hamilton| title=Genealogical tables of the deities, princes, heroes, and remarkable personages of the Hindus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCQUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA81 |year=1819|publisher=Asiatic Society|page=81}}</ref>

==Name==
Kāshyap, alternatively Kashup, means "turtle" in Sanskrit.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pinault |first1=Georges-Jean |last2=Winter |first2=Werner |title=Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A |date=2009 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=9783447058148 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zKEfhNCEipsC&pg=PA110 |access-date=15 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> According to [[Michael Witzel]], it is related to [[Avestan]] ''kasiiapa'', [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]] ''kyšph'', New Persian ''kašaf'', ''kaš(a)p'' which mean "tortoise", after which Kashaf Rūd or a river in Turkmenistan and Khorasan is named.<ref>[http://michaelwitzel.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ejvs0501article.pdf Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: Rgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic], Michael Witzel, page 55</ref> Other relations include to [[Tocharian languages|Tokarian B]] ''kaccāp'' ("brainpan"), [[Polish language|Polish]] ''kacap'' (''czerep'', "brainpan", "hardliner"),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://glosbe.com/pl/en/kacap|title=Polish-English Dictionary|publisher=glosbe.com|access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Tocharian languages|Tokarian A]] ''kāccap'' ("turtle", "tortoise").<ref>{{cite web| publisher=www.palaeolexicon.com|url= http://www.palaeolexicon.com/Languages/Index#|title=Tocharian A dictionary - k | access-date=June 8, 2017}}</ref> [[Frits Staal]] agrees that Kaśyapa means tortoise but believes that it is a non-Indo-European word.<ref>{{cite book|author=Frits Staal|title=Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HcE23SjLX8sC&pg=PA305 |year=2008|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-309986-4|page=305}}</ref>
==History==
Kashyapa is one of [[Saptarishi]], the seven famed [[rishi]]s considered to be author of many hymns and verses of the ''Rigveda'' (1500-1200 BCE){{when|date=March 2020}}{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}. He and his family of students are, for example, the author of the second verse of 10.137,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephanie W. Jamison|author-link=Stephanie W. Jamison|author2=Joel P. Brereton|title=The Rigveda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1-PRAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-937018-4|page=1692}}</ref> and numerous hymns in the eighth and ninth mandala of the ''Rigveda''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Horace Hayman Wilson|author2=Edward Byles Cowell|author3=William Frederick Webster|title=Rig-Veda-Sanhitá: The sixth and part of the seventh ashṭaka (Mandala VIII)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61VFAQAAIAAJ |year=1888|publisher=W. H. Allen and co.|pages=33, 194, 224, 273, 289–303, 385, 394, 412–413}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ralph Griffith|title=The Hymns of the Rigveda, Vol. III|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x5URAAAAYAAJ |year=1891|publisher=E.J. Lazarus and Company|pages=219, 332, 407–412 with footnotes}}</ref> He is mentioned in verse 2.2.4 of the ''[[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]]'', along with [[Atri]], [[Vashistha]], [[Vishvamitra]], [[Jamadagni]], [[Bharadwaja]] and [[Gautama Maharishi|Gotama]].<ref>Robert Hume, ''[https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n117/mode/2up The Thirteen Principal Upanishads]'', Chapter: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Oxford University Press, page 96 (verse 2.2.4)</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephanie W. Jamison|title=R̥gveda entre deux mondes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kQ5uAAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Collège de France|isbn=978-2-86803-074-0|page=25}}</ref> Kashyapa is also mentioned as the earliest [[rishi]] in [[Colophon (publishing)|colophon]] verse 6.5.3 of ''Brihadaranyaka Upanishad'', one of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.<ref name=olivellekashyapa>{{cite book|author=Patrick Olivelle|title=Upaniṣads |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9-2jV7sRuEC |year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-283576-5|pages=93–94}}</ref>

Kashyapa is mentioned in other Vedas and numerous other Vedic texts. For example, in one of several cosmology-related hymns of [[Atharvaveda]] (~1000 BCE), Kashyapa is mentioned in the allegory-filled Book XIX:

{{Quote|
<poem>
Undisturbed am I, undisturbed is my soul,
undisturbed mine eye, undisturbed mine ear,
undisturbed is mine in-breathing, undisturbed mine out-breathing,
undisturbed my diffusive breath, undisturbed the whole of me.

Thereafter rose Desire in the beginning, Desire the primal seed and germ of Spirit,
O Kama dwelling with the lofty Kama, give growth of riches to the sacrificer, (...)
Prolific, thousand eyed, and undecaying, a horse with seven reins Time bears us onward,
Sages inspired with holy knowledge mount him, his chariot wheels are all the worlds of creatures.

Kala [Time] created yonder heaven, and Kala made these realms of earth,
By Kala, stirred to motion, both what is and what shall be, expand, (...)
Kala created living things and first of all Prajapati,
From Kala self-made ''Kasyapa'', from Kala Holy Fire was born.
</poem>
|''Atharvaveda, Book XIX''| Hymns L51-53<ref name=griffith311>{{cite book|author=Ralph Thomas Hotchkin Griffith|title=The Hymns of the Atharvaveda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9YoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA308|year=1896|publisher=E. J. Lazarus & Company|pages=308–311}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Stephan Schuhmacher|title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion: Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Zen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpP8770qVakC|year=1994|publisher=Shambhala Publications|isbn=978-0-87773-980-7|page=177}}</ref>}}

His name appears in Patanjali's ancient [[bhasya]] on verse 1.2.64 of [[Pāṇini]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter M. Scharf|title=The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy: Grammar, Nyāya, and Mīmāṃsā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qh4LAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA103 |year=1996|publisher=American Philosophical Society|isbn=978-0-87169-863-6|pages=103–104 with footnote 7}}</ref> His name is very common in the Epic and Purana literature.<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/>

===Buddhist texts===
In Buddhist Pali canonical texts such as ''[[Digha Nikaya]]'', Tevijja Sutta describes a discussion between the Buddha and Vedic scholars of his time. The [[Buddha]] names ten [[rishi]]s, calls them "early sages" and makers of ancient verses that have been collected and chanted in his era, and among those ten rishi is Kassapa (the Pali spelling of Kashyapa in Sanskrit).<ref name=walshe188f>{{cite book|author=Maurice Walshe|title=The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uj86AwAAQBAJ |year=2005|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-979-2|pages=188–189}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Buddha names the following as "early sages" of Vedic verses, "Atthaka (either Astaka or Atri), Vamaka, Vamadeva, Vessamitta (Visvamitra), Yamataggi, Angirasa, Bharadvaja, Vasettha (Vashistha), Kassapa (Kashyapa) and Bhagu (Bhrigu)".<ref name=walshe188f/>}}

===Kashmir===
Despite its etymological origins being uncertain, the contentious territory of [[Kashmir]] may have gotten its name from Kashyapa Rishi. According to Christopher Snedden, the name Kashmir could have been a shortened form of "Kashyapa Mir", or the "lake of the sage Kashyapa". Alternatively, it may come from a Kashmiri or Sanskrit term that means "to dry up water". It could also have been derived from the term "Kashyapa Meru", which means the sacred mountains of Kashyapa.<ref name=snedden22/>

In ancient texts of Greece, linked to the expedition of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]], this land has been called "Kasperia",<ref name=snedden22>{{cite book|author=Christopher Snedden|title=Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22| year=2015|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-1-84904-621-3|pages=22–23}}</ref> possibly a contraction of "Kasyapamira".<ref name="McCrindle1885">{{cite book|author=John Watson McCrindle|title=Ancient India as Described by Ptolemy|url= https://archive.org/details/ancientindiaasd00mccrgoog| year=1885|publisher=Thacker, Spink, & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ancientindiaasd00mccrgoog/page/n125 108]–109}}</ref> The word "Kaspapyros" appears in Greek geographer [[Hecataeus of Miletus|Hekataois]] text, and as "Kaspatyros" in [[Herodotus]] who states that Skylax the Karyandian began in Kaspatyros to trace the path of Indus river from the mountains to where it drained in the sea. Kaspatyros may be same as Kaspa-pyrus or Kasyapa-pur (city of Kashyapa) in other texts.<ref name="McCrindle1885"/>

==Legends and mythologies==
Kashyapa is mentioned in numerous Hindu texts such as the ''[[Puranas]]'' and the Hindu Epics. These stories are widely inconsistent, and many are considered allegorical.<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=hamilton81/> For example, in the ''[[Ramayana]]'', he is married to the eight daughters of [[Daksha]], while in the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and ''[[Vishnu Purana]]'' he is described as married to thirteen daughters. Some of the names of the thirteen daughters Kashyapa married in the Hindu text ''Vishnu Purana'' are different than the list found in ''Mahabharata''.<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/> Some texts describe him as son of [[Marichi]] and a descendant of the solar dynasty, others as a descendant of Uttamapada who married Daksha's daughters, and yet others relate Kashyapa as a descendant of ''[[Hiranyakashipu|Hiranya Kashyapa]]''. These texts may correspond to different characters, all named Kashyapa.<ref name=hamilton81/>

In some ''Puranas'', Kashyapa is said to have drained the Kashmir valley to make it inhabitable. Some interpret this legend to parallel the legend of Buddhist [[Manjushri]] draining [[Nepal]] and [[Tibet]], wherein the "draining" is an allegory for teaching ideas and doctrines, removing stagnant waters of ignorance and extending learning and civilization into the valley.<ref>{{cite book|author=Samuel Beal|title=Travels of Fah-Hian and Sung-Yun, Buddhist Pilgrims: From China to India (400 A.D. and 518 A.D.)| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22958 |year=1869| publisher=Trübner| pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22958/page/n140 60] footnote 1}}</ref> The Sindh city [[Multan]] (now in Pakistan), also called Mulasthana, has been interpreted alternatively as ''Kashyapapura'' in some stories after Kashyapa.<ref>{{cite book|author=Alf Hiltebeitel|title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC |year=2009| publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-34055-5|page=270}}</ref> Yet another interpretation has been to associate Kashyapa as River Indus in the Sindh region. However, these interpretations and the links of Multan as Kashyapapura to Kashmir have been questioned.<ref>{{cite book|author=M. Th. Houtsma|title=E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CP7fYghBFQC|year=1993|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-09790-2|page=792}}</ref>

According to the ancient legends, Kashyapa reclaimed that land from a vast lake, his school was based there, and the land was named after him.<ref name=britkashmir>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent Kashmir: REGION, INDIAN SUBCONTINENT], Encyclopedia Britannica (2008)</ref>

===Wives and children===
The ''Puranas'' and the Epics of Indian tradition mention Kashyapa and his genealogy numerous times.<ref>{{cite book|author=John E. Mitchiner|title=Traditions Of The Seven Rsis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=phGzVwTTp_gC |year=2000|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1324-3|pages=13–15, 85–93, 106–110, 259–261}}</ref> In the ''Vishnu Purana'', Kashyapa marries thirteen daughters of [[Daksha]]: [[Aditi]], [[Diti]], [[Kadru]], [[Danu (Asura)|Danu]], Arishta, [[Surasa]], [[Surabhi]], [[Vinata]], Tamra, [[Krodhavasha]], [[Ira (name)|Ira]], Vishva and [[Muni (Hinduism)|Muni]],<ref name="Dalal2010p200"/><ref name=Vishnu>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp050.htm Vishnu Purana: Book I, Chapter XV] [[Vishnu Purana|The Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840. p. 112. The daughters of Daksha who were married to Kaśyapa were Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arisjht́á, Surasá, Surabhi, Vinatá, Támrá, Krodhavaśá, Id́á, Khasá, Kadru, and Muni 19; whose progeny I will describe to you...Vishńu, Śakra, Áryaman, Dhútí, Twáshtri, Púshan, Vivaswat, Savitri, Mitra, Varuńa, Anśa, and Bhaga</ref><ref name=saklani>{{cite book |title=Ancient Communities of Himalayas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tK5y4iPArKQC&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74 |publisher=Indus Publishing Co, New Delhi |first=Dinesh Prasad |last=Saklani |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-7387090-3 |page=74}}</ref> while in the ''Mahabharata'', the names of these 13 wives are Aditi, Diti, Kala, Danayus, Danu, Simhika, Krodha, Pritha, Visva, Vinata, Kapila, Muni and Kadru.<ref name = "Mani">{{cite book |title = Puranic Encyclopaedia: a Comprehensive Dictionary with Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature |url = https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/0/mode/1up | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publishers |year = 1975| isbn = 978-0-8426-0822-0 |first = Vettam|last = Mani|pages=3, 396}}</ref> There are various interpretations. Scholar [[Vettam Mani]], after analysing the epics and Puranas, concluded that Kashyapa may have married 21 women (13 of which were Daksha's daughters) — Aditi, Diti, Danu, Arishta, Surasha, Khasha, Surabhi, Vinata, Tamra, Krodhavasha, Ira, Kadru, Muni, Puloma, Kalaka, Nata, Danayus, Simhika, Pradha, Visva and Kapila.<ref name = "Mani" />

Kashyapa, in the ''Vishnu Purana'' and ''Vayu Purana'', is attributed to be the father of the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s, [[Danava (Hinduism)|Danava]]s, [[Yaksha]]s, [[Daitya]]s and all living creatures with various daughters of [[Daksha]]. He married Aditi, with whom he fathered the [[Aditya]]s, and in two inconsistent versions [[Vamana]], an ''[[avatar]]'' of Vishnu, is the child of Aditi and Kashyapa.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp075.htm Account of the several Manus and Manwantaras] [[Vishnu Purana]], translated by [[Horace Hayman Wilson]], 1840, Quote:"Vishńu was born of Vikunthi, as Vaikuntha, along with the deities called Vaikunthas. In the present Manwantara, '''Vishńu was again born as Vámana, the son of Kaśyapa by Adití'''. With three paces he subdued the worlds, and gave them, freed from all embarrassment, to Purandara.", Footnote 4: "The Váyu describes the Rishis (...) with some inconsistency, for Kaśyapa, at least, did not appear himself until the seventh, Manwantara. (...) The Bráhma P. and Hari Vanśa have a rather different list (...)"</ref> In these religious texts, Kashyapa is the brother-in-law of [[Adharma|Dharma and Adharma]], both of whom are also described as married to other daughters of [[Daksha]].<ref name=wilson>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp041.htm Vishnu Purana], HH Wilson (Translator), Chapter 7</ref>
==Attributions==
Kashyapa is revered in the Hindu tradition, and numerous legends and texts composed in the medieval era are reverentially attributed to him in various Hindu traditions. Some treatises named after him or attributed to him include:
* ''[[Kashyapa Samhita]]'', also called ''Vriddajivakiya Tantra'' or ''Jivakiya Tantra'', is a classical reference book on Ayurvedic [[pediatric]]s, gynecology and obstetrics.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Malavika Kapur| editor1=Sangeetha Menon| editor2 =Anindya Sinha|editor3= B. V. Sreekantan| title= Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg-7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |year=2013|publisher=Springer Science |isbn=978-81-322-1587-5|page=73}}</ref> It was revised by Vatsya.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jan Meulenbeld|title=The Sitapitta Group of Disorders (Urticaria and Similar Syndromes) and Its Development in Ayurvedic Literature from Early Times to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rhc028gqXKIC |year=2010|publisher=Barkhuis|isbn=978-90-77922-76-7|page=353}}</ref> The treatise is written as a tutorial between the medical sage Kashyapa and his student named Vriddhajivaka, and mostly related to caring for babies and diseases of children.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anthony Cerulli|title=Somatic Lessons: Narrating Patienthood and Illness in Indian Medical Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqwJwT-yXNoC&pg=PA76|year=2012|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-1-4384-4387-4|pages=76–77}}</ref>
* ''Kashyapa Jnanakandah'', or Kashyapa's book of wisdom, is a 9th-century text of the [[Vaishnavism]] tradition.<ref>{{cite book|author=Doris Srinivasan|title=Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZheP9dIX9wC&pg=PA240|year=1997|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=90-04-10758-4|pages=240–247}}</ref>
* ''Kaśyapa [[dharmasutra]]'', likely an ancient text, but now believed to be lost. The text's existence is inferred from quotes and citations by medieval Indian scholars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Maurice Winternitz|author-link=Moriz Winternitz|title=History of Indian Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ql0BmInD1c4C&pg=PA581 |year=1963|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0056-4|pages=580–581}}</ref>
* ''Kaśyapa sangita'', likely another ancient text, but now believed to be lost. A treatise on music, it is quoted by Shaivism and Advaita scholar [[Abhinavagupta]], wherein he cites sage Kasyapa explanation on ''viniyoga'' of each ''[[rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]'' and ''bhava''. Another Hindu music scholar named Hrdanyangama mentions Kashyapa's contributions to the theory of ''[[alankara]]'' (musical note decorations).<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard Widdess|title=The rāgas of early Indian music: modes, melodies, and musical notations from the Gupta period to c. 1250|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SnwHAQAAMAAJ| year=1995| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0193154643|pages=62–63, 125–128 with footnotes, 185}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= M. Srinivasachariar|title=History of Classical Sanskrit Literature|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC&pg=PA828| year=1974| publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0284-1|pages=828–829}}</ref>
* ''Kasyapasilpa'', also called ''Amsumad agama'', ''Kasypiya'' or ''Silpasastra of Kaśyapa'', is a Sanskrit treatise on architecture, iconography and the decorative arts, probably completed in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=Anna Aleksandra Ślączka|title=Temple Consecration Rituals in Ancient India: Text and Archaeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9LznwzyNE18C&pg=PA11|year=2007|publisher=BRILL Academic|isbn=978-90-04-15843-6|pages=11–19}}</ref>

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Atri]]
* [[Agastya]]
* [[Kassapa Buddha]]
* [[Japheth]]
* [[Suryavansha]]
* [[Ikshvaku dynasty]]
* [[Aditi]]
* [[Danu (Asura)]]
* [[Diti]]
* [[Mahākāśyapa]]
* [[Kāśyapīya]]
* [[House of Suren]]
{{colend}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==





*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/596592 The Vedic "Five Tribes"], DD Kosambi (1967)

{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Rigveda}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Rishis]]
[[Category:Brahmin gotras]]