Karani script - Revision history

BSHindia at 03:38, 3 March 2026

2026-03-03T03:38:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:08, 3 March 2026
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			{{Short description\|Writing system for the Odia language of India}}
	{{Infobox Writing system		{{Infobox Writing system
	\|name=Karani script		\|name=Karani script
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	\| characters = Odia script		\| characters = Odia script
	}}		}}
	'''Karani ~~script~~''' ~~({{lang-~~or~~\|କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର}}) (also Chata script ଛଟା ଅକ୍ଷର)~~ was a cursive~~/calligraphic style variant of~~ [[Odia ~~script~~]]<ref>{{cite book \|last=Tripāṭhī \|first=Kunjabihari \|title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script \|publisher=Utkal University \|page=33 \|year=1962 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ \|access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="Shodhganga">{{cite web\|url=http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/282609/9/09_chapter%204.pdf\|date=2012\|title=ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧ \|publisher=Utkal University \|author=Chitararijan Behera \|website=Shodhganga \|page=56 \|access-date=25 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name="diringer">{{cite book \|last1=Diringer \|first1=David \|title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind \|date=1948 \|pages=366}}</ref> ~~developed by~~ the [[~~Karan (caste)~~\|~~Karana~~]] ~~(କରଣ) community~~/ the ~~scribes (professional writer-class)~~ of the ~~Odia royal courts~~. ~~It was used in the pre~~-~~Independence Orissa (~~[[~~Odisha~~]]) ~~region in South Asia and~~ was ~~primarily~~ used ~~by the Karana community who were working for administrative purposes, documentation and keeping records~~ in the ~~royal courts of~~ the ~~Odia princely states (~~[[Orissa Tributary States]]). ~~The name Karani is~~ derived from ~~the~~ metal stylus~~, Karani that was~~ used for writing on palm leaf.<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal \|last1=Rath \|first1=Saraju \|title=The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources \|date=2012 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/9999923~~/The_Oriya_Script_Origin_Development_and_Sources~~}}</ref><ref name="archive">{{cite web\|url=https://archive.org/stream/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha.Complete/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha-Volume.3-Consonants-Cha.to.Tha#page/n1161/mode/2up\|website=archive.org\|title=Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)\|access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>		'''Karani''' or '''Chhata''' was a [[handwriting\|handwritten]] [[cursive]] [[writing system]] historically used to write the [[Odia language]]<ref>{{cite book \|last=Tripāṭhī \|first=Kunjabihari \|title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script \|publisher=Utkal University \|page=33 \|year=1962 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ \|access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="Shodhganga">{{cite web\|url=http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/282609/9/09_chapter%204.pdf\|date=2012\|title=ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧ \|publisher=Utkal University \|author=Chitararijan Behera \|website=Shodhganga \|page=56 \|access-date=25 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name="diringer">{{cite book \|last1=Diringer \|first1=David \|title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind \|date=1948 \|pages=366}}</ref> primarily for court, land, temple and accounting records, and other administrative purposes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal \|last=Pattanayak \|first=D. P. \|date=1991 \|title=Linguistic and Religious Identity in India \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23002249 \|journal=India International Centre Quarterly \|volume=18 \|issue=4 \|pages=101–106 \|jstor=23002249 \|issn=0376-9771}}</ref> Karani was quite different from<ref name="k435">{{cite book \| last=Young \| first=A.H. \| title=First Lessons in Oriya \| publisher=Orissa Mission Press \| year=1912 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oxc3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 \| language=fr \| access-date=2024-11-19 \| page=1}}</ref> the [[Letterpress printing\|printed]] form, the [[Odia script]], which replaced it.<ref name=":0" /> Karani gradually became unintelligible to the readers of the latter.<ref name="Jnanamandal">{{cite book \|title=Jnanamandal \|date=1 December 1960 \|publisher=Jnanamandal Publications \|location=Cuttack \|pages=17, 18 \|access-date=}}</ref> The [[Writer\|writers]] historically belonged to the [[Karan (caste)\|Karan caste]] group who were designated to use Karani.<ref name=":0" /> The script was used in the Odia-speaking regions during [[British Raj]] including the [[Orissa Tributary States]]. Both the names "karani" and "karana" are derived from "karani", a metal [[stylus]] used for writing on palm leaf.<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal \|last1=Rath \|first1=Saraju \|title=The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources \|journal=International Institute for Asian Studies \|date=2012 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/9999923}}</ref><ref name="archive">{{cite web\|url=https://archive.org/stream/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha.Complete/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha-Volume.3-Consonants-Cha.to.Tha#page/n1161/mode/2up\|website=archive.org\|title=Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)\|access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref> Karani script was considered popular in Odisha predating the reign of [[Prataparudra Deva]] of [[Gajapati Empire]], it got its modern form in 16th century.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Rout \|first=Savitri \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC&pg=PA30&dq=karani+script&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHxueE34KTAxUmRmwGHWjhEAMQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=karani%20script&f=false \|title=Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature \|date=1972-01-01 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe \|isbn=978-81-208-2546-8 \|language=en}}</ref> Historical records from mid-eighteenth century were also written in this script primarily of the [[Bhoi dynasty\|Khurda Bhoi Kingdom]].<ref name="Tanabe">{{cite journal \|last1=Tanabe \|first1=Akio \|title=The system of entitlements in eighteenth-century khurda, Orissa: Reconsidering 'caste' and 'community' in late pre-colonial India \|journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies \|date=December 2005 \|volume=28 \|issue=3 \|pages=345–385 \|doi=10.1080/00856400500337768 \|access-date=}}</ref> Karani was written both on palm leaves and paper. Bhoimuls (Accountants) of [[Khordha\|Khurda]] Kingdom primarily used Karani script for writing and preparing documents for administrative purposes.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Tanabe \|first=Akio \|date=2021 \|title=Local society and kingship \|url=https://www.academia.edu/77798552/Local_society_and_kingship_Reconsidering_caste_community_and_state_ \|journal=Caste and Equality in India \|pages=44}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Karashima \|first=Noboru \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=oyiKAAAAMAAJ&q=karani+script+mula&dq=karani+script+mula&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjww97F5oKTAxX8UGcHHbyULZ4Q6AF6BAgIEAM#karani%20script%20mula \|title=Kingship in Indian History \|date=1999 \|publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors \|isbn=978-81-7304-326-0 \|language=en}}</ref>

	==~~Use~~ in Odia script==		== History ==
			Karani is often explained as "karaninabaja" or "chhata", a "running" script introduced by the [[Karan (caste)\|Karanas]], most of the old Odia palm leaf manuscripts were written in Karani, the script is less standard by modern terms or it could be described as a form of Odia script before it was standardised. The script did not use spaces between words with less punctuation marks which made it hard to decipher.<ref>{{cite journal \| vauthors=((Shankar, B.)), ((Mishra, P.)), ((Sagnika, S.)), ((Pattanaik, A.)) \| journal=International Journal of Computer Applications \| title=Engaging with an Indian Epic: A Digital Approach \| volume=975 \| pages=8887\|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Santwana-Sagnika/publication/335879330_Engaging_with_an_Indian_Epic_A_Digital_Approach/links/5d8787c4299bf1996f930615/Engaging-with-an-Indian-Epic-A-Digital-Approach.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Odisha (India) \|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9ScLAQAAIAAJ&q=karani+script&dq=karani+script&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRnrTu44KTAxVzSGwGHcUkHbUQ6AF6BAgJEAM#karani \|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Puri \|last2=Orissa (India) \|date=1966 \|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press \|language=en}}</ref>

			==Influence on modern Odia script==
	{\|class="wikitable"		{\|class="wikitable"
	\|+ Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script		\|+ Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-01-08T15:12:15Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 8 January 2022
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	File:Karani script sample pt 1 - Jnanamandala.jpg\|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala		File:Karani script sample pt 1 - Jnanamandala.jpg\|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
	File:Karani script sample pt 2 - Jnanamandala.png\|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala		File:Karani script sample pt 2 - Jnanamandala.png\|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
	File:Karani script letters 1~~.png~~.jpg\|Karani script letters		File:Karani script letters 1.jpg\|Karani script letters
	File:Karani script letters 2.png.jpg\|Karani script letters		File:Karani script letters 2.png.jpg\|Karani script letters
	File:Karani writing.png\|Karani writing		File:Karani writing.png\|Karani writing

->Lancepark: phonetic fix(behera 2012, page 56)

2021-05-10T14:25:25Z

phonetic fix(behera 2012, page 56)

New page

{{Infobox Writing system
|name=Karani script
|altname=Karaṇī akṣara {{lang|as|କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର}}
|type=[[Abugida]]
|languages=[[Odia language]]
|time= c. 1700 - 1900s CE<ref name="inflibnet">{{cite web|url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/jspui/bitstream/10603/118610/11/11_chapter%204.pdf|date=27 September 2016|title=CHAPTER - IV: DEVELOPMENT OF ORIYA SCRIPT, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE |website=Shodhganga |access-date=30 September 2020}}</ref>
|fam1=[[Odia script]] (cursive style)
|unicode=
|iso15924=
|sample=Koroni or Chata script sample.jpg
|imagesize=300px
|caption=Karani script sample from Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha
|footnotes=
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special = [[Odia language|Odia]] text
| fix = Help:Multilingual support#Odia
| characters = Odia script
}}
'''Karani script''' ({{lang-or|କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର}}) (also Chata script ଛଟା ଅକ୍ଷର) was a cursive/calligraphic style variant of [[Odia script]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Tripāṭhī |first=Kunjabihari |title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script |publisher=Utkal University |page=33 |year=1962 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ |access-date=21 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="Shodhganga">{{cite web|url=http://14.139.116.20:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/282609/9/09_chapter%204.pdf|date=2012|title=ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧ |publisher=Utkal University |author=Chitararijan Behera |website=Shodhganga |page=56 |access-date=25 December 2020 }}</ref><ref name="diringer">{{cite book |last1=Diringer |first1=David |title=Alphabet a key to the history of mankind |date=1948 |pages=366}}</ref> developed by the [[Karan (caste)|Karana]] (କରଣ) community/ the scribes (professional writer-class) of the Odia royal courts. It was used in the pre-Independence Orissa ([[Odisha]]) region in South Asia and was primarily used by the Karana community who were working for administrative purposes, documentation and keeping records in the royal courts of the Odia princely states ([[Orissa Tributary States]]). The name Karani is derived from the metal stylus, Karani that was used for writing on palm leaf.<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Rath |first1=Saraju |title=The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources |date=2012 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9999923/The_Oriya_Script_Origin_Development_and_Sources}}</ref><ref name="archive">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha.Complete/Purnachandra.Odia.Bhashakosha-Volume.3-Consonants-Cha.to.Tha#page/n1161/mode/2up|website=archive.org|title=Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)|access-date=3 September 2020}}</ref>

==Use in Odia script==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script
! Vowel Letter
! Diacritic forms
|-
| For the vowel {{lang|or|ଇ}} (short i), the standard Odia diacritic form is {{lang|or|ି}}. Eg- For consonant {{lang|or|କ}} (ka) - {{lang|or|କି}} (ki) But for these consonants - {{lang|or|ଖ}} (kha), {{lang|or|ଥ}} (tha), {{lang|or|ଧ}} (dha), the equivalent {{lang|or|ଇ}} diacritic from Karani script is also used.
| {{lang|or|ଖି}} (khi) {{lang|or|ଥି}} (thi) {{lang|or|ଧି}} (dhi)
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Karani script sample pt 1 - Jnanamandala.jpg|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
File:Karani script sample pt 2 - Jnanamandala.png|Karani script sample from Jnanamandala
File:Karani script letters 1.png.jpg|Karani script letters
File:Karani script letters 2.png.jpg|Karani script letters
File:Karani writing.png|Karani writing
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{Odia language}}
{{list of writing systems}}

[[Category:Odia language]]
[[Category:Brahmic scripts]]