Kapilavastu (ancient city) - Revision history

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2026-03-08T09:06:07Z

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			{{Short description\|Ancient city in the Indian subcontinent}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2022}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2022}}
	{{multiple image\|perrow=2\|total_width=270\|caption_align=center		{{multiple image\|perrow=2\|total_width=270\|caption_align=center
	\| align = right		\| align = right
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	\| header=Kapilavastu		\| header=Kapilavastu
	\| image1 = Procession of king Suddhodana from Kapilavastu in full Sanchi Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway.jpg		\| image1 = Procession of king Suddhodana from Kapilavastu in full Sanchi Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway.jpg
	\| caption1 = Procession of king [[Suddhodana]] from Kapilavastu, proceeding to meet his son the Buddha walking in mid-air (head raised at the bottom of the panel), and to give him a Banyan tree (bottom left corner).<ref>[[John Marshall (archaeologist)\|Marshall, John]] (1918). [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148 Guide To Sanchi], Calcutta: ASI; p.64]</ref> The dream of [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)\|Maya]] at the top of the panel is a sure marker of Kapilavastu. [[Sanchi]].		\| caption1 = Procession of king [[Suddhodana]] from Kapilavastu, proceeding to meet his son the Buddha walking in mid-air (head raised at the bottom of the panel), and to give him a Banyan tree (bottom left corner).<ref>[[John Marshall (archaeologist)\|Marshall, John]] (1918). [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148 Guide To Sanchi], Calcutta: ASI; p.64]</ref> The dream of [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)\|Maya]] at the top of the panel is a sure marker of Kapilavastu. [[Sanchi]].
	\| footer=		\| footer=
	{{Location map+		{{Location map+
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	\|places =		\|places =
	{{location map~ \|Nepal \|lat=27.58 \|N \|long=83.08\|E \|label=[[Tilaurakot]]\|position=top \|label_size=80}}		{{location map~ \|Nepal \|lat=27.58 \|N \|long=83.08\|E \|label=[[Tilaurakot]]\|position=top \|label_size=80}}
	{{location map~ \|Nepal \|lat=27.443 \|N \|long=83.~~1278~~\|E \|label=[[Piprahwa]] \|position=bottom \|label_size=80}}		{{location map~ \|Nepal \|lat=27.443 \|N \|long=83.128\|E \|label=[[Piprahwa]] \|position=bottom \|label_size=80}}
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	{{BuddhasHolySites}}		{{BuddhasHolySites}}
	'''Kapilavastu''' was an ancient city on the [[Indian subcontinent]] which was the capital of the clan of the [[Shakya]]s.		'''Kapilavastu''' was an ancient city in the eastern [[Indo-Gangetic Plain\|Gangetic plains]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]] which was the capital of the clan ''[[gaṇasaṅgha]]'' or "republic" of the [[Shakya]]s in the late [[Iron Age India\|Iron Age]], around the 6th and 5th centuries BC. King [[Śuddhodana]] and [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)\|Queen Māyā]] are believed to have lived at Kapilavastu, as did their son Prince Siddhartha Gautama ([[Gautama Buddha]]) until he [[Gautama Buddha#Renunciation\|left the palace]] at the age of 29.<ref name=EoB2010>{{cite book\|last=Trainor\|first=K\|editor-last=Keown\|editor-first=D\|editor2-last=Prebish\|editor2-first=CS\|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism\|chapter=Kapilavastu\|pages=436–7\|publisher=Routledge\|location=Milton Park, UK\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-415-55624-8\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ&q=kapilavatthu}}</ref>
	King [[Śuddhodana]] and [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)\|Queen Māyā]] are believed to have lived at Kapilavastu, as did their son [[Gautama Buddha~~\|Prince Siddartha Gautama~~]] until he [[Gautama Buddha#Renunciation ~~and ascetic life~~\|left the palace]] at the age of 29.<ref name=EoB2010>{{cite book\|last=Trainor\|first=K\|editor-last=Keown\|editor-first=D\|editor2-last=Prebish\|editor2-first=CS\|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism\|chapter=Kapilavastu\|pages=436–7\|publisher=Routledge\|location=Milton Park, UK\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-415-55624-8\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ&q=~~kapil~~}}</ref>

	Buddhist [[Buddhist texts\|texts]] such as the [[Pāli Canon]] ~~claim~~ that Kapilavastu was the childhood home of Gautama Buddha, on account of it being the capital of the ~~[[Shakya]]s~~, over whom his father ruled.<ref name="EoB2010" /> Kapilavastu is the place where Siddhartha Gautama spent 29 years of his life. According to Buddhist sources ~~Kapilvastu was named after Vedic sage Kapila~~.<ref>Kapila, ~~VEDIC SAGE, Encyclopedia Britannica~~ . Link: https://~~www~~.~~britannica.com~~/~~biography~~/~~Kapila~~</ref><ref>~~UP’s Piprahwa is Buddha’s Kapilvastu~~? ,~~Shailvee Sharda May 4~~, ~~2015~~, ~~Times~~ of ~~India~~		Buddhist [[Buddhist texts\|texts]] such as the [[Pāli Canon]] say that Kapilavastu was the childhood home of Gautama Buddha, on account of it being the capital of the Shakyas, over whom his father ruled.<ref name="EoB2010" /> Kapilavastu is the place where Siddhartha Gautama spent the first 29 years of his life. According to Buddhist sources the name Kapilvatthu means "tawny area", due to the abundance of reddish sand in the area.<ref>Kapila, PTS Pali English Dictionary. Link: https://suttacentral.net/define/kapila</ref><ref>Suttacentral</ref> Most foreign accounts from the medieval period, particularly from China, described Kapilavastu as being part of "Central India".<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Mosca \|first1=Matthew \|title=Indian Mendicants in Ming and Qing China: A Preliminary Study \|journal=India-China: Intersecting Universalities \|date=2020 \|url=https://books.openedition.org/cdf/7531?lang=en}}</ref>
	</ref>
			Kapilavastu never became a major pilgrimage site like Buddha's birthplace at [[Lumbini]] not far away, which would have left unmistakable remains. The settlement was probably never as large as depictions in early [[Buddhist art]] suggest, and after the [[decline of Buddhism in India]] its location faded into obscurity.{{cn\|date=November 2022}} There are now two sites near the border between [[Nepal]] and [[India]] which are claimed as Kapilavastu — [[Piprahwa]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India and [[Tilaurakot]] in Nepal. Finds at the Piprahwa (including a [[reliquary]] found inside a mud [[stupa]]) indicate Buddhist activity dating to the 5th–4th century BCE, around the time of the death of the Buddha.<ref name=Srivastava1980>{{cite journal\|last=Srivastava\|first=KM\|title=Archaeological Excavations at Piprāhwā and Ganwaria and the Identification of Kapilavastu\|journal=The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies\|volume=13\|issue=1\|pages=103–10\|year=1980\|url=http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8511/2418}}</ref>

	==Search for Kapilavastu==		==Search for Kapilavastu==
	The 19th-century search for the historical site of Kapilavastu followed the accounts left by [[Faxian]] and later by [[Xuanzang]], who were Chinese [[Bhikkhu\|Buddhist monks]] who made early pilgrimages to the site.<ref>[[Beal, Samuel]] (1884). ''Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang''. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969. [https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre01hsuoft Volume 1]</ref><ref>Beal, Samuel (1911). ''The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. Translated from the Chinese of Shaman (monk) Hwui Li'' by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint [[Munshiram Manoharlal]], New Delhi. 1973. [https://archive.org/details/ajf4729.0001.001.umich.edu Internet Archive]</ref><ref>Li, Rongxi (translator) (1995). ''[http://bdkamerica.org/system/files/pdf/dBET_T2087_GreatTangRecordofWesternRegions_1996_0.pdf The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions]''. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California. {{ISBN\|1-886439-02-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Watters \|first=Thomas \| ~~author-link~~ = Thomas Watters \|title=On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, ~~629-645~~ A.D. Volume1\|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924071132769#page/n3/mode/2up\|year=1904\|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London}}</ref> Some archaeologists have identified present-day [[Tilaurakot]], [[Nepal]], while ~~some~~ others have identified present-day [[Piprahwa]], [[India]] as the location for the historical site of Kapilavastu, the seat of governance of the Shakya state that would have covered the region.<ref>{{Citation \| last =Tuladhar \| first =Swoyambhu D. \| title =The Ancient City of Kapilvastu - Revisited \| journal = Ancient Nepal \| issue = 151 \| date = November 2002 \| pages = 1–7 \| url =http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_151_01.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Archaeology">{{cite web\|url=http://www.archaeology.org/0103/newsbriefs/buddha.html\|title=Competing Claims on Buddha's Hometown\|publisher=[[Archaeology.org]]\|date=March 2001\|~~access-date~~=21 March 2011\|~~author~~=Chris Hellier}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|last=Srivastava\|first=KM\|title=Kapilavastu and Its Precise Location\|jstor=29756506\|year=1979\|journal=East and West\|volume=29\|issue=1/4\|pages=61–74}}{{~~Subscription~~ required ~~\|via=[[JSTOR]]~~}}</ref> Both sites contain archaeological ruins.~~<ref name=Srivastava1980>{{cite journal\|last=Srivastava\|first=KM\|title=Archaeological Excavations~~ at ~~Piprāhwā~~ and ~~Ganwaria~~ and ~~the Identification of Kapilavastu\|journal=The Journal~~ of the ~~International Association of Buddhist Studies\|volume=13\|issue=1\|pages=103–10\|year=1980\|url=http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg~~.~~de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8511/2418}}~~</~~ref~~><ref>{{Citation\|title=UP's Piprahwa is Buddha's Kapilvastu?\|date=May 4, 2015\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UPs-Piprahwa-is-Buddhas-Kapilvastu/articleshow/47143085.cms?\|author=Sharda, Shailvee\|journal=Times of India}}</ref><ref name="V and A">{{cite web\|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html\|title=Kapilavastu\|~~access~~-date=~~1 March~~ 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| last = Huntington\|first =John C \|title= Sowing the Seeds of the Lotus\|journal=[[Orientations]]\|date=1986\|volume= September 1986 \|pages=54–56\| ~~archive-url~~= https://web.archive.org/web/20141128233735/http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf \| ~~archive-date~~ = November ~~28,~~ 2014 \| url = http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf }}</ref>		The 19th-century search for the historical site of Kapilavastu followed the accounts left by [[Faxian]] and later by [[Xuanzang]], who were Chinese [[Bhikkhu\|Buddhist monks]] who made early pilgrimages to the site.<ref>[[Beal, Samuel]] (1884). ''Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang''. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969. [https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre01hsuoft Volume 1]</ref><ref>Beal, Samuel (1911). ''The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. Translated from the Chinese of Shaman (monk) Hwui Li'' by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint [[Munshiram Manoharlal]], New Delhi. 1973. [https://archive.org/details/ajf4729.0001.001.umich.edu Internet Archive]</ref><ref>Li, Rongxi (translator) (1995). ''[http://bdkamerica.org/system/files/pdf/dBET_T2087_GreatTangRecordofWesternRegions_1996_0.pdf The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713195617/http://bdkamerica.org/system/files/pdf/dBET_T2087_GreatTangRecordofWesternRegions_1996_0.pdf \|date=13 July 2018 }}''. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California. {{ISBN\|1-886439-02-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last=Watters \|first=Thomas \| authorlink = Thomas Watters \|title=On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629–645 A.D. Volume1\|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924071132769#page/n3/mode/2up\|year=1904\|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London}}</ref> Some archaeologists have identified present-day [[Tilaurakot]], [[Nepal]], while others have identified present-day [[Piprahwa]], [[India]] as the location for the historical site of Kapilavastu, the seat of governance of the Shakya state that would have covered the region.<ref>{{Citation \| last =Tuladhar \| first =Swoyambhu D. \| title =The Ancient City of Kapilvastu – Revisited \| journal = Ancient Nepal \| issue = 151 \| date = November 2002 \| pages = 1–7 \| url =http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_151_01.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Archaeology">{{cite web\|url=http://www.archaeology.org/0103/newsbriefs/buddha.html\|title=Competing Claims on Buddha's Hometown\|publisher=[[Archaeology.org]]\|date=March 2001\|accessdate=21 March 2011\|first=Chris\|last=Hellier}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|last=Srivastava\|first=KM\|title=Kapilavastu and Its Precise Location\|jstor=29756506\|year=1979\|journal=East and West\|volume=29\|issue=1/4\|pages=61–74}}{{registration required}}</ref> Both sites contain archaeological ruins. Those at Piprahwa show it was a significant early Buddhist site with a [[stupa]] and monasteries, and probably relics of the Buddha.<ref name=Srivastava1980/><ref>{{Citation\|title=UP's Piprahwa is Buddha's Kapilvastu?\|date=4 May 2015\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UPs-Piprahwa-is-Buddhas-Kapilvastu/articleshow/47143085.cms?\|author=Sharda, Shailvee\|journal=Times of India}}</ref><ref name="V and A">{{cite web\|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html\|title=Kapilavastu\|accessdate=1 March 2011\|archive-date=8 January 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108040311/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation \| last = Huntington\|first =John C \|title= Sowing the Seeds of the Lotus\|journal=[[Orientations]]\|date=1986\|volume= September 1986 \|pages=54–56\| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20141128233735/http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf \| archivedate = 28 November 2014 \| url = http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf }}</ref>

	==Proposed sites==		==Proposed sites==
	<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
	Suddhodana Palace-east gate.JPG\|Proposed site of Suddhodanda's Palace at [[Tilaurakot]]		Suddhodana Palace-east gate.JPG\|Proposed site of Suddhodanda's Palace at [[Tilaurakot]]
	File:~~Kapilavastu~~ Stupas-Original-00020.jpg\|Stupa at [[Piprahwa]]		File:Stupas-Original-00020.jpg\|Stupa at [[Piprahwa]]
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	File:Departure_of_the_Buddha_from_Kapilavastu_Sanchi_Stupa_1_Northern_Gate.jpg\|The departure of the Buddha from Kapilavastu, [[Sanchi]], Stupa 1, Northern Gate.		File:Departure_of_the_Buddha_from_Kapilavastu_Sanchi_Stupa_1_Northern_Gate.jpg\|The departure of the Buddha from Kapilavastu, [[Sanchi]], Stupa 1, Northern Gate.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

			==Notable people==
			* [[Puṇṇa Mantānīputta]] – one of [[the Buddha]]'s [[ten principal disciples]]
			* [[Anuruddha]] – among the ten principal disciples and also a cousin of the Buddha
			* [[Rāhula]] – the only son of the Buddha
			* [[Ānanda]] – primary attendant of the Buddha and among the ten principal disciples
			* [[Sahajaśrī]] - 14th century CE Buddhist monk

	==References==		==References==
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	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
	*{{cite book\|last1=Coningham\|first1=Robin \|~~author1-link~~=Robin Coningham \|last2=Young\|first2=Ruth \|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaJrCgAAQBAJ&q=Coningham+Tilaurakot&pg=PA440\|year=2015\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-316-41898-7\|pages=438–440}}		* {{cite book\|last1=Coningham\|first1=Robin \|author1link=Robin Coningham \|last2=Young\|first2=Ruth \|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaJrCgAAQBAJ&dq=Coningham+Tilaurakot&pg=PA440\|year=2015\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|isbn=978-1-316-41898-7\|pages=438–440}}

	[[Category:~~Gautama Buddha~~]]		[[Category:History of Buddhism]]
	[[Category:~~History of Uttar Pradesh~~]]		[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
	[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimages]]		[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimages]]
	[[Category:~~History of Nepal~~]]		[[Category:Shakyas]]

->JimRenge: Undid revision 1050130397 by 195.249.186.89 (talk) per WP:LEAD

2021-10-16T01:30:56Z

Undid revision 1050130397 by 195.249.186.89 (talk) per WP:LEAD

New page

{{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=270|caption_align=center
| align = right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Kapilavastu
| image1 = Procession of king Suddhodana from Kapilavastu in full Sanchi Stupa 1 Eastern Gateway.jpg
| caption1 = Procession of king [[Suddhodana]] from Kapilavastu, proceeding to meet his son the Buddha walking in mid-air (head raised at the bottom of the panel), and to give him a Banyan tree (bottom left corner).<ref>[[John Marshall (archaeologist)|Marshall, John]] (1918). [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148 Guide To Sanchi], Calcutta: ASI; p.64]</ref> The dream of [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)|Maya]] at the top of the panel is a sure marker of Kapilavastu. [[Sanchi]].
| footer=
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|float = center
|width = 250
|caption = Proposed location of Kapilavastu, in [[Tilaurakot]] and [[Piprahwa]], in South Asia.
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=27.58 |N |long=83.08|E |label=[[Tilaurakot]]|position=top |label_size=80}}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=27.443 |N |long=83.1278|E |label=[[Piprahwa]] |position=bottom |label_size=80}}
}}
{{Location map+
|Nepal
|float = center
|width = 250
|caption = Proposed location of Kapilavastu, in [[Tilaurakot]] and [[Piprahwa]], each on a different side of the India-Nepal frontier.
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |Nepal |lat=27.58 |N |long=83.08|E |label=[[Tilaurakot]]|position=top |label_size=80}}
{{location map~ |Nepal |lat=27.443 |N |long=83.1278|E |label=[[Piprahwa]] |position=bottom |label_size=80}}
}}
}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
'''Kapilavastu''' was an ancient city on the [[Indian subcontinent]] which was the capital of the clan of the [[Shakya]]s.
King [[Śuddhodana]] and [[Maya (mother of the Buddha)|Queen Māyā]] are believed to have lived at Kapilavastu, as did their son [[Gautama Buddha|Prince Siddartha Gautama]] until he [[Gautama Buddha#Renunciation and ascetic life|left the palace]] at the age of 29.<ref name=EoB2010>{{cite book|last=Trainor|first=K|editor-last=Keown|editor-first=D|editor2-last=Prebish|editor2-first=CS|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|chapter=Kapilavastu|pages=436–7|publisher=Routledge|location=Milton Park, UK|year=2010|isbn=978-0-415-55624-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ&q=kapil}}</ref>

Buddhist [[Buddhist texts|texts]] such as the [[Pāli Canon]] claim that Kapilavastu was the childhood home of Gautama Buddha, on account of it being the capital of the [[Shakya]]s, over whom his father ruled.<ref name="EoB2010" /> Kapilavastu is the place where Siddhartha Gautama spent 29 years of his life. According to Buddhist sources Kapilvastu was named after Vedic sage Kapila.<ref>Kapila, VEDIC SAGE, Encyclopedia Britannica . Link: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kapila</ref><ref>UP’s Piprahwa is Buddha’s Kapilvastu? ,Shailvee Sharda May 4, 2015, Times of India
</ref>

==Search for Kapilavastu==
The 19th-century search for the historical site of Kapilavastu followed the accounts left by [[Faxian]] and later by [[Xuanzang]], who were Chinese [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]] who made early pilgrimages to the site.<ref>[[Beal, Samuel]] (1884). ''Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang''. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969. [https://archive.org/details/siyukibuddhistre01hsuoft Volume 1]</ref><ref>Beal, Samuel (1911). ''The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang. Translated from the Chinese of Shaman (monk) Hwui Li'' by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint [[Munshiram Manoharlal]], New Delhi. 1973. [https://archive.org/details/ajf4729.0001.001.umich.edu Internet Archive]</ref><ref>Li, Rongxi (translator) (1995). ''[http://bdkamerica.org/system/files/pdf/dBET_T2087_GreatTangRecordofWesternRegions_1996_0.pdf The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions]''. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. Berkeley, California. {{ISBN|1-886439-02-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Watters |first=Thomas | author-link = Thomas Watters |title=On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India, 629-645 A.D. Volume1|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924071132769#page/n3/mode/2up|year=1904|publisher=Royal Asiatic Society, London}}</ref> Some archaeologists have identified present-day [[Tilaurakot]], [[Nepal]], while some others have identified present-day [[Piprahwa]], [[India]] as the location for the historical site of Kapilavastu, the seat of governance of the Shakya state that would have covered the region.<ref>{{Citation | last =Tuladhar | first =Swoyambhu D. | title =The Ancient City of Kapilvastu - Revisited | journal = Ancient Nepal | issue = 151 | date = November 2002 | pages = 1–7 | url =http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_151_01.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Archaeology">{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeology.org/0103/newsbriefs/buddha.html|title=Competing Claims on Buddha's Hometown|publisher=[[Archaeology.org]]|date=March 2001|access-date=21 March 2011|author=Chris Hellier}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Srivastava|first=KM|title=Kapilavastu and Its Precise Location|jstor=29756506|year=1979|journal=East and West|volume=29|issue=1/4|pages=61–74}}{{Subscription required |via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref> Both sites contain archaeological ruins.<ref name=Srivastava1980>{{cite journal|last=Srivastava|first=KM|title=Archaeological Excavations at Piprāhwā and Ganwaria and the Identification of Kapilavastu|journal=The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies|volume=13|issue=1|pages=103–10|year=1980|url=http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8511/2418}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=UP's Piprahwa is Buddha's Kapilvastu?|date=May 4, 2015|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/UPs-Piprahwa-is-Buddhas-Kapilvastu/articleshow/47143085.cms?|author=Sharda, Shailvee|journal=Times of India}}</ref><ref name="V and A">{{cite web|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/asia/asia_features/buddhism/buddhist_pilgrimage/sites_india/kapilavastu/index.html|title=Kapilavastu|access-date=1 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Huntington|first =John C |title= Sowing the Seeds of the Lotus|journal=[[Orientations]]|date=1986|volume= September 1986 |pages=54–56| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141128233735/http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf | archive-date = November 28, 2014 | url = http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/resources/downloads/jchArticles/Part%205.pdf }}</ref>

==Proposed sites==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
Suddhodana Palace-east gate.JPG|Proposed site of Suddhodanda's Palace at [[Tilaurakot]]
File:Kapilavastu Stupas-Original-00020.jpg|Stupa at [[Piprahwa]]
</gallery>

==Ancient depictions==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Maya's dream Sanchi Stupa 1 Eastern gateway.jpg|Maya's dream of an elephant during her conception of the Buddha, an identifier of the city of Kapilavastu.
File:Departure_of_the_Buddha_from_Kapilavastu_Sanchi_Stupa_1_Northern_Gate.jpg|The departure of the Buddha from Kapilavastu, [[Sanchi]], Stupa 1, Northern Gate.
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last1=Coningham|first1=Robin |author1-link=Robin Coningham |last2=Young|first2=Ruth |title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE–200 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaJrCgAAQBAJ&q=Coningham+Tilaurakot&pg=PA440|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-41898-7|pages=438–440}}

[[Category:Gautama Buddha]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimages]]
[[Category:History of Nepal]]