Kannagi - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 22 May 2022
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			{{Short description\|Legendary Tamil Woman}}
	{{About\|a legendary person\|other uses\|Kannagi (disambiguation)}}		{{About\|a legendary person\|other uses\|Kannagi (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2016}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2016}}
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	\| caption = Kannagi Statue in [[Marina Beach]], [[Chennai]]		\| caption = Kannagi Statue in [[Marina Beach]], [[Chennai]]
	}}		}}
	'''Kannagi''', sometimes spelled '''Kannaki''',<ref name="jp1977"/> is a [[legend]]ary [[Tamil people\|Tamil]] woman who forms the central character of the Tamil [[Epic poetry\|epic]] ''[[Silapadhigaaram\|Silapathikaram]]''.{{sfn\|Kamil Zvelebil\|1973\|pp=51–52}} Kannagi is described as the chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his unfaithfulness, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her husband had lost everything but repented, how her husband is falsely framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice.<ref name="jp1977"/> Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai leading to the death of the unjust [[Early Pandyan Kingdom\|Pandyan]] [[Nedunj Cheliyan I\|King]] of [[Madurai]], who had wrongfully put her husband [[Kovalan]] to death. The society that had made her suffer, suffers in retribution as the city Madurai is burnt to the ground because of her curse.<ref name="jp1977"/> In the Chera (Kerala) and Tamil tradition, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking her anklet or tearing her bleeding breast and throwing it at the city.<ref>{{cite book\|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian\|editor=K Ishwaran \|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ \|year=1977 \|publisher=Brill Academic\|isbn=90-04-04926-6\|pages=56–61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ\|title=The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEwFjKKFfIC \|year=1993\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-07849-8\|pages=318–327 with note 86 on page 366}}</ref>		'''Kannagi''', sometimes spelled '''Kannaki''',<ref name="jp1977"/> is a [[legend]]ary [[Tamil people\|Tamil]] woman who forms the central character of the Tamil [[Epic poetry\|epic]] ''[[Silapadhigaaram\|Silapathikaram]]''.{{sfn\|Kamil Zvelebil\|1973\|pp=51–52}} Kannagi is described as the chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his unfaithfulness, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her husband had lost everything but repented, how her husband is falsely framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice.<ref name="jp1977"/> Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai leading to the death of the unjust [[Early Pandyan Kingdom\|Pandyan]] [[Nedunj Cheliyan I\|King]] of [[Madurai]], who had wrongfully put her husband [[Kovalan]] to death. The society that had made her suffer, suffers in retribution as the city Madurai is burnt to the ground because of her curse.<ref name="jp1977"/> In the [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai\|Chera]] ([[Kerala]]) and Tamil tradition, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking her anklet or tearing her bleeding breast and throwing it at the city.<ref>{{cite book\|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian\|editor=K Ishwaran \|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ \|year=1977 \|publisher=Brill Academic\|isbn=90-04-04926-6\|pages=56–61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|author=Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ\|title=The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEwFjKKFfIC \|year=1993\|publisher=Columbia University Press\|isbn=978-0-231-07849-8\|pages=318–327 with note 86 on page 366}}</ref>

	The earliest Tamil epic ''~~Silapathikaram~~'' features her as the central character.{{citation needed\|date=February 2020}}		The earliest Tamil epic ''[[Cilappatikaram\|Silappadikaram]]'' written by Jain prince [[Illango Adigal]] features her as the central character.{{citation needed\|date=February 2020}}

	==Text==		==Text==
	[[File:Thambiluvil Amman.jpg\|thumb\|Kannagi in Tamil Nadu.]]		[[File:Thambiluvil Amman.jpg\|thumb\|Kannagi in Tamil Nadu.]]
	The Kannagi story first appears in the Sangam era poem ''Narrinai 312''.{{sfn\|Kamil Zvelebil\|1973\|pp=51–52}} A more extended version appears in the post-Sangam era Tamil epic in ''Silappatikaram'' ("Epic of the Anklet).<ref name="jp1977">{{cite book\|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian\|editor=K Ishwaran\|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56\|year=1977\|publisher=Brill Academic\|isbn=90-04-04926-6\|pages=56–59}}</ref>		The Kannagi story first appears in the Sangam era poem ''Narrinai 312''.{{sfn\|Kamil Zvelebil\|1973\|pp=51–52}} A more extended version appears in the post-Sangam era Tamil epic in ''[[Cilappatikaram\|Silappatikaram]]'' ("Epic of the Anklet).<ref name="jp1977">{{cite book\|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian\|editor=K Ishwaran\|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56\|year=1977\|publisher=Brill Academic\|isbn=90-04-04926-6\|pages=56–59}}</ref>

	==Legend==		==Legend==
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	[[File:Halpe Pattini Devalaya at Ella 2.jpg\|thumb\|A shrine to Kannagi as Pattini goddess in Sri Lanka. She is shown as holding an anklet in each hand.]]		[[File:Halpe Pattini Devalaya at Ella 2.jpg\|thumb\|A shrine to Kannagi as Pattini goddess in Sri Lanka. She is shown as holding an anklet in each hand.]]
	{{Main\| Kannaki Amman}}		{{Main\| Kannaki Amman}}
	Kannagi or Kannaki Amman is eulogized as the epitome of chastity and is worshiped as a goddess in select regions. She is worshiped as goddess [[Pattini]] in [[Sri Lanka]] by the [[Sinhalese people\|Sinhalese]] [[Buddhists]],<ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14. {{ISBN\|978-3-447-05676-2}}. https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270. {{ISBN\|978-88-95814-85-8}}. https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection</ref> Kannaki Amman by the [[Sri Lankan Tamil people\|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Hindus]] and as Kodungallur Bhagavathy & Aatukal ~~Devi~~ in the South Indian state of [[Kerala]]. Keralites believe Kannaki to be an incarnation of Goddess Bhadrakali who reached Kodungalloor and attained salvation in the Kodungalloor temple.<ref>Shankar Radhakrishnan HAI		Kannagi or Kannaki Amman is eulogized as the epitome of chastity and is worshiped as a goddess in select regions. She is worshiped as goddess [[Pattini]] in [[Sri Lanka]] by the [[Sinhalese people\|Sinhalese]] [[Buddhists]],<ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14. {{ISBN\|978-3-447-05676-2}}. https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270. {{ISBN\|978-88-95814-85-8}}. https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection</ref> Kannaki Amman by the [[Sri Lankan Tamil people\|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Hindus]] and as [[Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple\|Kodungallur Bhagavathy]] & [[Attukal Temple\|Aatukal Bhagavathy]] in the South Indian state of [[Kerala]]. Keralites believe Kannaki to be an incarnation of Goddess Bhadrakali who reached [[Kodungallur\|Kodungalloor]] and attained salvation in the Kodungalloor temple.<ref>Shankar Radhakrishnan HAI
	[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2004/03/15/stories/2004031500160300.htm Bubbling over with devotion] The Hindu news.</ref><ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Masterpieces of Indian Literature and Art - Tears of Kaṇṇaki: Annals and Iconology of the ‘Silapathikaram		[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2004/03/15/stories/2004031500160300.htm Bubbling over with devotion] The Hindu news.</ref><ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Masterpieces of Indian Literature and Art - Tears of Kaṇṇaki: Annals and Iconology of the ‘Silapathikaram
	’. Sharada Publishing House, New Delhi. Pages xix + 412, photos 143, {{ISBN\|978-93-83221-14-1}}. https://www.academia.edu/30222114/Masterpieces_of_Indian_Literature_and_Art_-_Tears_of_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87aki_Annals_and_Iconology_of_the_Cilappatik%C4%81ram_</ref>		’. Sharada Publishing House, New Delhi. Pages xix + 412, photos 143, {{ISBN\|978-93-83221-14-1}}. https://www.academia.edu/30222114/Masterpieces_of_Indian_Literature_and_Art_-_Tears_of_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87aki_Annals_and_Iconology_of_the_Cilappatik%C4%81ram_</ref>

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Legend

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:33, 10 August 2021
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	Madurai was ruled by [[Pandya]] king [[Nedunj Cheliyan I]]. When Kovalan tried to sell the anklet, it was mistaken for a stolen anklet of the queen. Kovalan was accused of having stolen the anklet and was immediately beheaded by the king without trial. When Kannagi was informed of this, she became furious, and set out to prove her husband's innocence to the king.		Madurai was ruled by [[Pandya]] king [[Nedunj Cheliyan I]]. When Kovalan tried to sell the anklet, it was mistaken for a stolen anklet of the queen. Kovalan was accused of having stolen the anklet and was immediately beheaded by the king without trial. When Kannagi was informed of this, she became furious, and set out to prove her husband's innocence to the king.

	Kannagi came to the king's court, broke open the anklet seized from Kovalan and showed that it contained [[ruby\|rubies]], as opposed to the queen's anklets which contained [[pearl]]s.		Kannagi came to the king's court, broke open the anklet seized from Kovalan and showed that it contained [[ruby\|rubies]], as opposed to the queen's anklets which contained [[pearl]]s. Realizing the error, the king committed suicide in shame, after having caused such a huge miscarriage of justice. Kannagi uttered a curse that the entire city of Madurai be burnt. The capital city of Pandyas was set ablaze resulting in huge losses. However, at the request of [[Madurai Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple\|Goddess Meenakshi]], she calmed down and later, attained salvation. The story forms the crux of [[Silapathikaram]] written by poet [[Ilango Adigal]].<ref name=B>{{cite book\|title=Myths and Legends from India - Great Women\|last=Bhanu\|first=Sharada\|publisher=Macmillan India Limited\|year=1997\|location=Chennai\|isbn=0-333-93076-2\|pages=16–19}}</ref>
	Realizing the ~~fault~~, the king committed suicide in shame, after having ~~delivered~~ such a huge miscarriage of justice. Kannagi uttered a curse that the entire city of Madurai be burnt. The capital city of Pandyas was set ablaze resulting in huge losses. However, at the request of [[Madurai Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple\|Goddess Meenakshi]], she calmed down and later, attained salvation. The story forms the crux of [[Silapathikaram]] written by poet [[Ilango Adigal]].<ref name=B>{{cite book\|title=Myths and Legends from India - Great Women\|last=Bhanu\|first=Sharada\|publisher=Macmillan India Limited\|year=1997\|location=Chennai\|isbn=0-333-93076-2\|pages=16–19}}</ref>

	==Worship==		==Worship==
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	\| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref>		\| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref>

	A [[Cinema of Sri Lanka\|Sinhala film]] called ~~'''~~''[[Paththini (2016 film)\|Paththini]]~~'''~~'' was released on 5 May 2016 in [[Sri Lanka]]. The role of the goddess Paththni or Kannagi was played by [[Pooja Umashankar]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.sandeshaya.org/pathini-sinhala-film-by-sunil-ariyaratne/ \| title=Pathini Sinhala Film by Sunil Ariyaratne \| publisher=Sandeshaya \| access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>		A [[Cinema of Sri Lanka\|Sinhala film]] called ''[[Paththini (2016 film)\|Paththini]]'' was released on 5 May 2016 in [[Sri Lanka]]. The role of the goddess Paththni or Kannagi was played by [[Pooja Umashankar]].<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www.sandeshaya.org/pathini-sinhala-film-by-sunil-ariyaratne/ \| title=Pathini Sinhala Film by Sunil Ariyaratne \| publisher=Sandeshaya \| access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>

	A famous television serial named ''Upasana'' was broadcast on [[Doordarshan]] in the early 1990s and was based on the twin novels [[Silappatikaram]] & [[Manimekalai]].		A famous television serial named ''Upasana'' was broadcast on [[Doordarshan]] in the early 1990s and was based on the twin novels [[Silappatikaram]] & [[Manimekalai]].

>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5

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Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5

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{{About|a legendary person|other uses|Kannagi (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| image = Statue of Kannagi.jpg
| alt = Kannagi
| caption = Kannagi Statue in [[Marina Beach]], [[Chennai]]
}}
'''Kannagi''', sometimes spelled '''Kannaki''',<ref name="jp1977"/> is a [[legend]]ary [[Tamil people|Tamil]] woman who forms the central character of the Tamil [[Epic poetry|epic]] ''[[Silapadhigaaram|Silapathikaram]]''.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} Kannagi is described as the chaste woman who stays with her husband despite his unfaithfulness, their attempt to rebuild their marriage after her husband had lost everything but repented, how her husband is falsely framed then punished without the due checks and processes of justice.<ref name="jp1977"/> Kannagi proves and protests the injustice, then curses the king and city of Madurai leading to the death of the unjust [[Early Pandyan Kingdom|Pandyan]] [[Nedunj Cheliyan I|King]] of [[Madurai]], who had wrongfully put her husband [[Kovalan]] to death. The society that had made her suffer, suffers in retribution as the city Madurai is burnt to the ground because of her curse.<ref name="jp1977"/> In the Chera (Kerala) and Tamil tradition, Kannagi has been deified as the symbol – sometimes as goddess – of chastity, with sculptures or reliefs in Hindu temples iconographically reminding the visitor of her breaking her anklet or tearing her bleeding breast and throwing it at the city.<ref>{{cite book|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian|editor=K Ishwaran |title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=90-04-04926-6|pages=56–61}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Iḷaṅkōvaṭikaḷ|title=The Tale of an Anklet: An Epic of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEwFjKKFfIC |year=1993|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-07849-8|pages=318–327 with note 86 on page 366}}</ref>

The earliest Tamil epic ''Silapathikaram'' features her as the central character.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Text==
[[File:Thambiluvil Amman.jpg|thumb|Kannagi in Tamil Nadu.]]
The Kannagi story first appears in the Sangam era poem ''Narrinai 312''.{{sfn|Kamil Zvelebil|1973|pp=51–52}} A more extended version appears in the post-Sangam era Tamil epic in ''Silappatikaram'' ("Epic of the Anklet).<ref name="jp1977">{{cite book|author=E.T. Jacob-Pandian|editor=K Ishwaran|title=Contributions to Asian Studies: 1977|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRMVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA56|year=1977|publisher=Brill Academic|isbn=90-04-04926-6|pages=56–59}}</ref>

==Legend==
[[File:Puhar-Kannagi-Kovalan.jpg|thumb|left|Kannagi with her husband [[Kovalan]].]]

Kannagi was the daughter of the merchant and ship captain ''Manayakan'' from [[Puhar, Nagapattinam|Puhar]]''.'' She marries the son of ''Macattuvan'', [[Kovalan]], whose family were sea traders and had the sea goddess ''Manimekalai'' as [[patron deity]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reading Asia: New Research in Asian Studies|last=Huskin|first=Frans Husken|last2=Meij|first2=Dick van der|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9781136843846|pages=119|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Buddhism as Expounded in Manimekalai|last=Kantacāmi|first=Cō Na|date=1978|publisher=Annamalai University|pages=185|language=en}}</ref> Later, Kovalan met a dancer [[Madhavi (Silappatikaram)|Madhavi]] and had an affair with her, which prompted him to spend all his wealth on the dancer. At last, penniless, Kovalan realised his mistake and returned to his wife Kannagi. Kovalan hoped to recoup his fortunes by trade in [[Madurai]], by selling the precious anklet of Kannagi.

Madurai was ruled by [[Pandya]] king [[Nedunj Cheliyan I]]. When Kovalan tried to sell the anklet, it was mistaken for a stolen anklet of the queen. Kovalan was accused of having stolen the anklet and was immediately beheaded by the king without trial. When Kannagi was informed of this, she became furious, and set out to prove her husband's innocence to the king.

Kannagi came to the king's court, broke open the anklet seized from Kovalan and showed that it contained [[ruby|rubies]], as opposed to the queen's anklets which contained [[pearl]]s.
Realizing the fault, the king committed suicide in shame, after having delivered such a huge miscarriage of justice. Kannagi uttered a curse that the entire city of Madurai be burnt. The capital city of Pandyas was set ablaze resulting in huge losses. However, at the request of [[Madurai Meenakshi Sundareswarar temple|Goddess Meenakshi]], she calmed down and later, attained salvation. The story forms the crux of [[Silapathikaram]] written by poet [[Ilango Adigal]].<ref name=B>{{cite book|title=Myths and Legends from India - Great Women|last=Bhanu|first=Sharada|publisher=Macmillan India Limited|year=1997|location=Chennai|isbn=0-333-93076-2|pages=16–19}}</ref>

==Worship==
[[File:Halpe Pattini Devalaya at Ella 2.jpg|thumb|A shrine to Kannagi as Pattini goddess in Sri Lanka. She is shown as holding an anklet in each hand.]]
{{Main| Kannaki Amman}}
Kannagi or Kannaki Amman is eulogized as the epitome of chastity and is worshiped as a goddess in select regions. She is worshiped as goddess [[Pattini]] in [[Sri Lanka]] by the [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] [[Buddhists]],<ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14. {{ISBN|978-3-447-05676-2}}. https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram and R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270. {{ISBN|978-88-95814-85-8}}. https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection</ref> Kannaki Amman by the [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Sri Lankan Tamil]] [[Hindus]] and as Kodungallur Bhagavathy & Aatukal Devi in the South Indian state of [[Kerala]]. Keralites believe Kannaki to be an incarnation of Goddess Bhadrakali who reached Kodungalloor and attained salvation in the Kodungalloor temple.<ref>Shankar Radhakrishnan HAI
[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/life/2004/03/15/stories/2004031500160300.htm Bubbling over with devotion] The Hindu news.</ref><ref>R.K.K. Rajarajan (2016) Masterpieces of Indian Literature and Art - Tears of Kaṇṇaki: Annals and Iconology of the ‘Silapathikaram
’. Sharada Publishing House, New Delhi. Pages xix + 412, photos 143, {{ISBN|978-93-83221-14-1}}. https://www.academia.edu/30222114/Masterpieces_of_Indian_Literature_and_Art_-_Tears_of_Ka%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87aki_Annals_and_Iconology_of_the_Cilappatik%C4%81ram_</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:Kodungallur-RD-11Nov11.jpg|thumb|left|Kodungallur Bhagavaty temple]]
A Tamil [[epic film]] ''[[Kannagi (film)|Kannagi]]'' directed by R.S Mani released in 1942. This was the first Tamil film based on the epic Silapadhigaaram. A similar second movie named ''[[Poompuhar (film)|Poompuhar]]'' released later in 1964. A [[Kannagi statue|statue of Kannagi]] holding her anklet, depicting a scene from ''[[Silapathikaram]]'' was installed on [[Marina Beach]], [[Chennai]]. It was removed in December 2001 citing reasons that it hindered traffic.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Presidency College ground ideal for Kannagi statue: panel
| location = Chennai
| date = 16 June 2002
| url = http://hindu.com/2002/06/16/stories/2002061603490400.htm
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125102424/http://hindu.com/2002/06/16/stories/2002061603490400.htm
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 25 January 2013
| newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| title = Kannagi statue to be reinstalled on Jun 3: Governor
| newspaper = One India News
| publisher = OneIndiaNews.com
| date = 24 May 2006
| url = http://news.oneindia.in/2006/05/24/kannagi-statue-to-be-reinstalled-on-jun-3-governor-1148454269.html
| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref> The statue was reinstalled in June 2006.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Menon
| first = Jaya
| title = On Marina beach, Karunanidhi keeps date with Kannagi
| newspaper = Indian Express
| publisher = indianexpress.com
| date = 16 May 2006
| url = http://www.indianexpress.com/news/on-marina-beach-karunanidhi-keeps-date-with-kannagi/4509/0
| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| last = Tiwari
| first = Binita
| title = Kannagi's statue adorned Marina Beach
| newspaper = Newstrack India
| publisher = Newstrack India
| date = 23 August 2007
| url = http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/735
| access-date = 9 Oct 2011}}</ref>

A [[Cinema of Sri Lanka|Sinhala film]] called '''''[[Paththini (2016 film)|Paththini]]''''' was released on 5 May 2016 in [[Sri Lanka]]. The role of the goddess Paththni or Kannagi was played by [[Pooja Umashankar]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sandeshaya.org/pathini-sinhala-film-by-sunil-ariyaratne/ | title=Pathini Sinhala Film by Sunil Ariyaratne | publisher=Sandeshaya | access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref>

A famous television serial named ''Upasana'' was broadcast on [[Doordarshan]] in the early 1990s and was based on the twin novels [[Silappatikaram]] & [[Manimekalai]].

==See also==
* [[Silappathigaram]]
* [[Kannaki Amman]]
* [[Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple]]
* [[Mangala Devi Kannagi Temple]]
* [[Attukal Temple]]
* [[Thambiluvil Sri Kannaki amman temple]]
* [[Lady Meng Jiang]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
* {{cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=degUAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-03591-5}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kannagi}}
* [https://www.academia.edu/2955548/Dance_of_Ardhanari_as_Pattini-Kannaki_with_special_reference_to_the_Cilappatikaram R.K.K. Rajarajan (2000) Dance of Ardhanārī as Pattinī-Kaṉṉaki: With special reference to the Cilappatikāram. Berliner Indologische Studien, Berlin, Vol. 13/14, pp. 401-14.] {{ISBN|978-3-447-05676-2}}.
* [https://www.academia.edu/3740760/Dance_of_Ardhan%C4%81r%C4%AB._A_Historiographical_Retrospection R.K.K. Rajarajan (2012) Dance of Ardhanārī. A Historiographical Retrospection. In Tiziana Lorenzetti and Fabio Scialpi eds. Glimpses of Indian History and Art. Reflections on the Past, Perspectives for the Future. Roma: SAPIENZA Università Editrice, pp. 233-270.] {{ISBN|978-88-95814-85-8}}.
{{Cilappatikaram}}
{{HinduMythology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Characters in Silappatikaram]]
[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Tamil deities]]