https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Kannada_prosodyKannada prosody - Revision history2026-09-07T13:47:49ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannada_prosody&diff=126200&oldid=prev>Citation bot: Alter: url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: year. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Use Indian English from January 2020 | via #UCB_Category 233/18712021-03-18T02:45:47Z<p>Alter: url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: year. | <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:UCB" class="extiw" title="wp:UCB">Use this bot</a>. <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:DBUG" class="extiw" title="wp:DBUG">Report bugs</a>. | Suggested by Abductive | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Use_Indian_English_from_January_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Use Indian English from January 2020 (page does not exist)">Category:Use Indian English from January 2020</a> | via #UCB_Category 233/1871</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Culture of Karnataka}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
'''Kannada prosody (ಕನ್ನಡ ಛಂದಸ್ಸು (''Kannada Chhandassu''))''' is the study of [[meter (poetry)|metres]] used in [[Kannada poetry]], describing the [[rhythm|rhythmic structure]] of a [[verse (Kannada poetry)|verse]]. The metres used include some metres borrowed from other traditions, and indigenous metres. [[Kannada]] literature, especially Old Kannada poetry, clearly exhibits the importance poets placed on metre. This can be seen in the number of types of metre used in Kannada poetry.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The earliest Kannada work on prosody was the ''Guṇagānkiyam'', which has been lost. [[Nagavarma I]] wrote a fairly complete work on prosody {{circa|984}}, called Chandombudhi.<ref><br />
{{citation | year=1988 | title = History of Kannada literature: readership lectures | author1=Ramanujapuram Narasimhachar | publisher=Asian Educational Services | isbn=978-81-206-0303-5 | page=62 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOTmIt3wumwC&q=prosody&pg=PA62}}<br />
</ref> With a few additions by later writers, it still remains a standard work on Kannada prosody.<ref>{{citation | year=1982 | title = A history of Kannada literature | author1=Edward Peter Rice | edition=2 | publisher=Asian Educational Services | isbn=978-81-206-0063-8 | page=33 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fhCH-NRatUC&q=prosody&pg=PA33}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Subdivisions==<br />
Kannada metres are categorised as Amsha and Maatra (syllabic and quantitative), or as Vaidika and Laukika metres.<ref>Prof. T. V. Venkatachala Shastri, Kannada Chandaswaroopa, DVK Murthy Publication, Mysore 3rd Edition 2008 p.267-315</ref><br />
<br />
===Amsha metres===<br />
Amsha metres are based on Amsha or a unit consisting of short or long syllables which may be extended to modify time required to pronounce them. Amshas are named as Brahma, Vishnu and Rudra based on number of Amshas in it: 2, 3 or 4, respectively. Tripadi, Sangatya and some Amsha Shatpadi belong to Amsha metre category. Kannada vachanas and [[Yakshagana]] poems are composed in these metres. There are also Amsha Shatpadis.<br />
<br />
===Maatra metres===<br />
Maatra metres are based on Maatras. A Maatra is a unit of time. One Maatra is denoted as '''U''' and is called Laghu. Two Maatra is denoted as '''-'''. There are a set of rules to decide if a letter in a poem takes one or two Maatra time. Maatra Shatpadi and Ragale, for example belong to this group. Harichandra Kavya, Jaimini Bharata are poems composed in these metres.<br />
<br />
===Vaidika metres===<br />
Vaidika metres are based on Sanskrit Vedic metres such as Vaidika Anustup, Gayatri and Tristup etc. These are Akshara metres or syllabic metres based on number of syllables and lines.<br />
<br />
===Laukika metres===<br />
Laukika metres are Vaidika metres used in a more constrained manner to instill more rhythmic regularity. Anustup is an example. The Sanskrit Ramayana by Valmiki is composed in Laukika Anustup metre. There are very few poems composed in Kannada in these metres and this category is mostly of academic interest in Kannada.<br />
<br />
==Popular indigenous metres==<br />
:* [[Ragale]]<br />
:* [[Shatpadi]]<br />
:* [[Dwipadi]]<br />
:* [[Tripadi]]<br />
:* Chaupadi<br />
:* [[Saangatya]] - [[Siribhoovalaya]], considered one of the finest mysteries of ancient Kannada literature, follows this style.<br />
<br />
==Popular adopted metres==<br />
:* [[Stragdara Mala]]<br />
:* [[Shardula Vikridita]]<br />
:* [[Mattebha Vikridita]]<br />
<br />
==Modern Kannada metres==<br />
:* Sarala Ragale<br />
<br />
Modern Kannada poets use flexible metrical structure, sometimes completely neglecting rhythm patterns and focusing completely on the emotional value of lyric. These lyrics are being studied and new patterns inherent in them are being formalized.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
* {{citation | title = Nagavarma's Canarese prosody | author1=Nāga Varmā | year=1875 | editor1=Ferdinand Kittel (1875) | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nncZAAAAIAAJ}}<br />
* {{citation | year=1903 | title = A grammar of the Kannaḍa language in English: comprising the three dialects of the language (ancient, mediaeval and modern) | author1=Ferdinand Kittel | pages=185–198 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA185}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kannada Prosody}}<br />
[[Category:Kannada language]]<br />
[[Category:Prosodies by language]]<br />
[[Category:Indian poetics]]</div>>Citation bot