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			{{Short description\|Large stone slab discovered in Kankali}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}
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	[[File:Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura, 15 CE.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura (mirrored half portion), 15 CE]]		[[File:Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura, 15 CE.jpg\|thumb\|left\|upright\|Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura (mirrored half portion), 15 CE]]
	The Amohini tablet being quite securely dated to circa 15 CE under the reign of Sodasa, the design elements function as artistic markers for many other works of art in northern Indian. Particularly, the splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette is considered as derived from [[Hellenistic influence on Indian arts\|Hellenistic]] [[Indo-Greek]] designs, and similar pillars are depicted in [[Bharhut]], [[Sanchi]] or [[Bodhgaya]], suggesting similar dates.<ref name="AK2014">{{cite journal \|last1=Kumar \|first1=Ajit \|title=Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association \|journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology \|date=2014 \|volume=2 \|pages=223‐241 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10237709 \|language=en}}</ref>		The Amohini tablet being quite securely dated to circa 15 CE under the reign of Sodasa, the design elements function as artistic markers for many other works of art in northern Indian. Particularly, the splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette is considered as derived from [[Hellenistic influence on Indian arts\|Hellenistic]] [[Indo-Greek]] designs, and similar pillars are depicted in [[Bharhut]], [[Sanchi]] or [[Bodhgaya]], suggesting similar dates.<ref name="AK2014">{{cite journal \|last1=Kumar \|first1=Ajit \|title=Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association \|journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology \|date=2014 \|volume=2 \|pages=223‐241 \|url=https://www.academia.edu/10237709 \|language=en}}</ref>

			== See also ==
			* [[Parsvanatha ayagapata]]
			* [[Jain stupa]]

	==References==		==References==

>Scyrme at 19:05, 2 June 2021

2021-06-02T19:05:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:35, 3 June 2021
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	[[Category:Mathura art]]		[[Category:Mathura art]]
	~~[[Category:Jainism]]~~
	[[Category:Jain art]]		[[Category:Jain art]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox artifact
|name = Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa
|image = [[File:Amohini relief, Mathura, circa 15 CE.jpg|250px]][[File:Kankali Tila plate of Sodasa.jpg|250px]]
|image_caption = The [[Kankali Tila]] tablet of Sodasa (photograph and drawing), with an inscription mentioning the year 42 of the reign of [[Northern Satraps]] ruler [[Sodasa]].<ref name="Smith">The Jain stûpa and other antiquities of Mathurâ by Smith, Vincent Arthur [https://archive.org/details/cu31924012251140 Plate XIV]</ref>
|material = Red sandstone
|size =
|writing =
|created =
|period = 1st century CE
|place = [[Kankali Tila]], [[Mathura]], [[India]].
|discovered_coords =27°36′00″N 77°39′00″E
|location = [[State Museum Lucknow]]
| map =
{{Location map
| India
| width = 300px
| float = center
| border =
| caption =
| alt =
| relief = yes
| AlternativeMap =
| overlay_image =
| label = [[Kankali Tila]], [[Mathura]], (Discovery)
| label_size =
| position =
| background =
| mark =
| marksize =
| link =
| lat_deg = 27.491389
| lon_deg = 77.673889
}}
|id =
|registration =
}}
{{coord|27.491389|N|77.673889|E|display=title}}
The '''Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa''', also called the '''Iryavati stone tablet''',<ref name="SP">Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava - 1981, p.98</ref> or '''Amohini ayagapata''',<ref>Orientalia Rheno-traiectina by Hendrik Willem Obbink, Brill Archive [https://books.google.com/books?id=0t8UAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA65 p.65]</ref> is a large stone slab discovered in [[Kankali Tila|Kankali]] (area of [[Mathura]]) which mentions the rule of the [[Northern Satraps]] ruler [[Sodasa]] in Mathura.<ref name="Smith"/> The tablet in the [[State Museum Lucknow]] (room J.1).<ref name="SP"/> It is an important example of [[Mathura art]].

==Description==
This votive tablet, which is essentially an [[ayagapata]], though not so called, represents a royal lady attended by three women and a child. The attendant women, in accordance with the ancient Indian fashion, are naked to the waist. One holds an umbrella over her mistress, whom another fans. The third holds a wreath ready for presentation. The execution is bold, and quite artistic.<ref name="Smith"/>

==Inscription==
The tablet bears a three line epigraph mentioning that in the year 42 of "the Lord, the Great [[Satrap]] [[ Sodasa]]" ([[File:Gupta ashoka svaa.jpg|16px]][[File:Gupta ashoka mi.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka s.svg|15px]] [[File:Gupta ashoka m.svg|13px]][[File:Gupta ashoka h.svg|15px]][[File:Gupta ashoka kss.jpg|15px]][[File:Gupta ashoka tr.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka p.svg|13px]][[File:Gupta ashoka s.svg|15px]] [[File:Gupta ashoka sho.jpg|20px]][[File:Gupta gujarat daa.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta_ashoka_s.svg|16px]] ''Svamisa Mahakṣatrapasa Śodasa'') a monument for worship was set up by a certain Amohini.<ref name="Smith"/> The text is as follows :

{{quote|
[[File:Kankali Tila inscription of Sodasa.jpg|center|500px]]
L1. ''Nama arahato Vardhamanasa'' 
2. ''Sv[a]misa mahakshatrapasa Sodasasa savatsare XL(?)II hemantamase II divase IX Haritiputrasa Palasa bhayaye samasavikaye'' 
3. ''Kochhiye Amohiniye saha putrehi Palaghoshena Pothaghoshena Dhanaghoshena Ayavati pratihapita praya[bha]'' 
4. ''Aryavati arahatapujaye.'' 

"Adoration to the Arhat [[Vardhamana]]! In the year 42 of the Lord, the [[Mahakshatrapa]] [[Sodasa]], in the second month of winter, on the 9th day, an Ayavati (Aryavati) was set up by Amohini (Amohint), the Kochhi (Kautsi), a female lay-disciple of the ascetics (and) wife of Pala, son of a Hariti (Hariti or Hariti mother), together with her sons Palaghosha, Pothaghosha and Dhanaghosha .... the Aryavati (is) for the worship of the Arhat."
|Inscription of the Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa (Translation by Buhler)<ref name="Smith"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Ramaprasad |title=Memoirs of the archaeological survey of India no.1-5 |date=1919 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.59235/page/n26 22] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.59235}}</ref>
}}

==Question of the date==
The inscription shows that the tablet was presented to the Jain shrine by a lady named Amohini in the year 42 or 72, in the reign of the Great Satrap Sodasa. The first numerals for the date may be read as 40, or possibly 70 (according to Buhler), so that the regnal date could be either 42 or 72 (with 72 being favoured by most).<ref name="Smith"/><ref name="AK2014">{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Ajit |title=Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association |journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology |date=2014 |volume=2 |pages=223‐241 |url=https://www.academia.edu/10237709 |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Kankali Tila inscription of Sodasa date portion.jpg|thumb|left|100px|The date in [[Brahmi numerals]] appears clearly (𑁞𑁓, 40+2), but interpretations diverge between 42 and 72.]]
[[File:Mathura archaeological sites.jpg|thumb|300px|The tablet was found in [[Kankali Tila]], right outside [[Mathura]].]]
According to Smith, the initial year of the era used by the great Satrap Sodasa is not known, but the inscription may be considered as dating a few years earlier than the Christian era or the 1st century.<ref name="Smith"/> According to others, it is not known if the date 42/72 is a regnal year of Sodasa, or an era founded by his father or another ruler.<ref>From Persepolis to the Punjab, Elizabeth Errington, Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis - 2007</ref>

According to some authors, the regnal date for Sodasa was 80 CE, so that the tablet would have been dedicated in 152 CE (50+72).<ref>Chhotelal Jain's Jaina Bibliography - Volume 1 - Chhotelal Jain, Satya Ranjan Banerjee - 1982, Page 809</ref> A recent date for Sodasa's reign was given as 15 CE, meaning that the regnal date of the inscription would start from the [[Vikrama era]] started by [[Indo-Scythian]] king [[Azes I]] ([[Bikrami calendar]] (starting in 57 BCE)+72=15 CE).<ref>Image Problems: The Origin and Development of the Buddha's Image in Early South Asia Robert Daniel DeCaroli, University of Washington Press, 2015 [https://books.google.com/books?id=K8MECgAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 p.205]</ref><ref name="Maitra"/> This would put the long reign of his father [[Rajuvula]] in the last quarter of the 1st century BCE, which is probable.<ref name="Maitra">Indian Studies, Volume 7, Ramakrishna Maitra, 1966 p.67</ref>

Another inscription of the Satrap Sodasa was found by [[Alexander Cunningham]] in the Jail mound at Mathura. His coins also are found in the neighborhood.<ref name="Smith"/>

==Design==
[[File:Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura, 15 CE.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette on the Amohini ayagapata Mathura (mirrored half portion), 15 CE]]
The Amohini tablet being quite securely dated to circa 15 CE under the reign of Sodasa, the design elements function as artistic markers for many other works of art in northern Indian. Particularly, the splayed pillar with recumbent lions and central palmette is considered as derived from [[Hellenistic influence on Indian arts|Hellenistic]] [[Indo-Greek]] designs, and similar pillars are depicted in [[Bharhut]], [[Sanchi]] or [[Bodhgaya]], suggesting similar dates.<ref name="AK2014">{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Ajit |title=Bharhut Sculptures and their untenable Sunga Association |journal=Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology |date=2014 |volume=2 |pages=223‐241 |url=https://www.academia.edu/10237709 |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Mathura art]]
[[Category:Jainism]]
[[Category:Jain art]]

Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa - Revision history

Shai0778: small edit

>Scyrme at 19:05, 2 June 2021

Kannadaguy: 1 revision imported

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