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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| native_name = Jaini Mound
| image = [[File:Mathura archaeological sites.jpg|300px]]<br>Location of Kankali Tila in [[Mathura]].<br>[[File:Jain Tablet Homage Set-up by Vasu the Daughter of Courtesan Lavana Sobhika - Circa 1st Century CE - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-Q-7 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5987.JPG|300px]]<br> ''[[Ayagapatta]]'', Jain Tablet of homage (Circa 1st Century CE) excavated from Kankali Mound (Photo:[[Government Museum, Mathura]])
| alt = Kankali Tila
| caption =
| map_type = India#India Uttar Pradesh#Asia
| relief=yes
}}
[[File:Kankali Tila plate of Sodasa.jpg|thumb|300px|A [[Kankali Tila tablet of Sodasa|Kankali Tila plate]], with an inscription mentioning the year 42 of the reign of [[Northern Satraps]] ruler [[Sodasa]].<ref name="Smith">The Jain stûpa and other antiquities of Mathurâ by Smith, Vincent Arthur [https://archive.org/details/cu31924012251140 Plate XIV]</ref>]]
[[File:Kankali Tila inscription of Sodasa.jpg|thumb|300px|The Kankali Tila inscription of [[Sodasa]] (from the above plate). This inscription mentions the rule of ''Svamisa Mahakṣatrapasya Śodasasa'' (from the beginning of the second line): "Of the Lord and Great Satrap Śodāsa".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chandra |first1=Ramaprasad |title=Memoirs of the archaeological survey of India no.1-5 |date=1919 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.59235/page/n26 22] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.59235}}</ref>]]
{{Jainism}}
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|27.491389|N|77.673889|E}} 
| float = right
| zoom = 13
| width = 270 
| height = 200
| caption = {{center|Kankali Tila in Mathura}}
| mark-coord1 = {{coord|27.491389|N|77.673889|E}}
| mark1 = Archaeological site icon (red).svg
| mark-size1 = 12
}}
'''''Kankali Tila''''' (also '''Kankali mound''' or '''Jaini mound''') is a [[mound]] located at [[Mathura]] in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The name of the mound is derived from a modern temple of Hindu goddess Kankali. The famous Jain [[stupa]] was excavated here in 1890-91 by [[Alois Anton Führer]] (Dr. Führer).{{sfn|Smith|1901|p=Introduction}}

The mound almost rectangular in shape is 500 feet long by 350 feet broad.{{sfn|Smith|1901|p=Introduction}} ''Kankali Tila'' brought forth many treasures of [[Jain art]]. The archaeological findings testifies the existence of two [[Jain temple]]s and ''[[stupas]]''. Numerous [[Jain sculpture]]s, ''Ayagapattas'' (tablet of homage),{{sfn|Das|1980|p=171}} pillars, crossbeams and lintels were found during archaeological excavations.
Some of the sculptures are provided with inscriptions that report on the contemporary society and organization of the [[Jain community]].

Most sculptures could be dated from the 2nd century BC to the 12th century CE, thus representing a continuous period of about 14 centuries during which Jainism flourished at Mathura. These sculptures are now housed in the [[State Museum Lucknow|Lucknow State Museum]] and in the [[Mathura Museum]].

== Excavation ==
[[File:Kankali Tila (Jaini mound).jpg|thumb|General view of the excavations in January 1889 at Kankali Tila, Mathura]]
[[Alexander Cunningham]] worked at the western end in March and November 1871. The objects found by Mr. Cunningham were all Jain, with the exception of one ten-armed Brahmanical figure.
Mr. Growse operated on the northern portion in 1875. In Volume XVII of the "Reports" (page 111), Mr. Cunningham noted that in the season of 1881-82 he dug up many Jain figures, including one inscribed with the name of [[Vardhamana]], the last of the 24 Jain ''[[Tirthankara]]''.{{sfn|Smith|1901|p=2}}
Dr. Burgess and Dr. Fuhrer extended the excavations to the eastern end at different times from 1887 to 1896. Mr. Harding, a predecessor of Mr. Growse as Magistrate of Mathura, also made some excavations.
The excavations at Kankali Tila acted as a testimony to the claims made by Jains regarding the great antiquity of their religion.{{sfn|Thomas|1877|p=80}}
== Significance ==
The sculptures and the inscriptions found at Kankali Tila suggest that in that period a clear Digambar-Shwetabar division had not risen. The Tirthankar images are all unclothed and monks are represented as not wearing a loincloth, but with cloth on one forearm. The names of divisions of the monastic orders match exactly with those given in the Shwetambar Kalpasutra.<ref>The Jaina Stupa at Mathura: Art and Icons, Renuka Porwal, Prachya Vidyapeeth, Shajapur, 2016</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
1st Jain Tirthankara Rishabhanatha - Circa 8th Century CE - Barsana - ACCN 18-1504 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5082.JPG|1st Jain Tirthankara Rishabhanathaswami (Circa 8th Century CE) Barsana Government Museum Mathura
Mahaveer.jpg|A quadruple Jain Image
Four Fold Jain Image with Suparshvanath and Three Other Tirthankaras - Circa 1st Century CE - ACCN 00-B-67 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6023.JPG|Quadruple Jain Image, excavated from Kankali Tila, c. 1st century CE
Jain Tablet Homage Set-up by Vasu the Daughter of Courtesan Lavana Sobhika - Circa 1st Century CE - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-Q-7 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5988.JPG|Jain Tablet Homage Set-up by Vasu the daughter of Courtesan Lavana Sobhika - Circa 1st Century CE - Kankali Mound (ACCN 00-Q-7 - Government Museum, Mathura)
Jain Tablet Homage Set-up by Vasu the Daughter of Courtesan Lavana Sobhika - Circa 1st Century CE - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-Q-7 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5989.JPG|Description of the tablet
Zina in Meditation - Kushan Period - ACCN 00-863 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5978.JPG|Jina in meditation
Rishabhanatha - First Jain Tirthankara - Circa 5th Century CE - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-B-6 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5402.JPG|Idol of [[Rishabhanatha]], first Jain Tirthankara, excavated from Kankali Mound (Government Museum - Mathura)
File:Quadruple Jain Images.jpg|Three Quadruple images of Tirthankar excavated from Kankali Tila, c. 42 BCE(V.S. 15)
File:Jain images (Kankali Tila).jpg|Images of Tirthankar Mahavira excavated from Kankali Tila
File:Colossal Head of Jina - Gupta Period - Kankali Mound - ACCN 00-B-61 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5454.JPG|Colossal Head of Jineshvara (Gupta Period)
Jain Images and Stupa - Bronze - Modern Period - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6582.JPG|Jain Images and Stupa - Bronze - Modern Period. Government Museum Mathura
Jain Tirthankar Parshwanath - 1014 CE - Kagarol - ACCN 40-2874 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5075.JPG|Tirthankar Lord Parshwanatha (1014 CE) Kagarol Government Museum Mathura
Jain Tirthankara Naminath - Circa 12th Century CE - ACCN 00-B-77 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5080.JPG|Jain Tirthankara Lord Naminatha - (Circa 12th Century CE) ACCN 00-B-77. Government Museum Mathura
Jain Tirthankara Parsvanatha - Post Gupta Period - Kosi Kalan - ACCN 18-1505 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5407.JPG|Tirthankara Lord Parsvanatha (Post Gupta Period) - Kosi Kalan ACCN 18-1505 Government Museum Mathura
Jain Tirthankara Neminath - Circa 12th Century CE - ACCN 00-B-77 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5079.jpg|Tirthankara Lord Neminatha (Circa 12th Century CE) ACCN 00-B-77 Government Museum Mathura
Tirthankara Head - Kushan Period - ACCN 18-1536 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 6040.JPG|
File:Jain votive plaque.jpg|Jain votive plaque (c. 200 CE)
File:Kankali Tila inscription of Kanishka Year 5 and Year 7.jpg|Kankali Tila inscription of [[Kanishka]], Year 5 and 7
Pillars Kankali Tila.jpg|Pillars
Ambika - Mediaeval Period - ACCN 00-D-7 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5409.JPG|Jain Yakshini Ambika (Mediaeval Period) Government Museum Mathura
File:Jain Goddess Chakreshwari - Kankali Mound - Circa 10th Century CE - ACCN 00-D-6 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-23 5387.JPG|Jain Yakshini Chakreshvari devi
File:Jain statue dated Samvat 1134 (1077 CE), Kankali Tila, Mathura.jpg|Jain statue inscribed [[Samvat]] 1134 (1077 CE), about 60 years after the sack of Mathura by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]. Kankali Tila, Mathura.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Jain Stupa And Other Antiquities Of Mathura|date=1901|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61190/page/n24 53]|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.61190}}</ref>
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{commons category|Kankali Tila}}
* [[Jainism]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
*{{citation|last1=Smith|first1=Vincent Arthur|title=The Jain stupa and other antiquities of Mathura|year=1901|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924012251140|publisher=Allahabad, Printed by KFrank Luker, Superintendent, Government Press, North-Western Provinces and Oudh}}
*{{citation|title=Early Inscriptions of Mathurā|last1=Das|first1=Kalyani|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuwLAAAAIAAJ|year=1980}}
*{{citation|last=Thomas|first=Edward|title=Jainism or The early faith of Asoka|journal=Nature|volume=16|issue=407|pages=329|url=https://archive.org/details/jainism_00thom|year=1877|publisher=London, Trübner & co.|location=London|bibcode= 1877Natur..16..329.|doi=10.1038/016329a0|doi-access=free}}

{{Jainism topics}}
{{coord|27.491389|N|77.673889|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Jainism]]
[[Category:Mathura]]
[[Category:Mathura art]]

Kankali Tila - Revision history

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