Kanjar - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 29 June 2022
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	{{infobox ethnic group\|		{{infobox ethnic group\|
	\| group = Kanjar		\| group = Kanjar
	\| poptime =		\| poptime =
	\| popplace = India • Pakistan		\| popplace = India and Pakistan
	\| langs = [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] • [[Hindi language\|Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language\|Rajasthani]] • [[Bhojpuri]] • [[Urdu language\|Urdu]] • [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]		\| langs = [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] • [[Hindi language\|Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language\|Rajasthani]] • [[Bhojpuri]] • [[Urdu language\|Urdu]] • [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] [[Dogri]] [[Kishtwari]]
	\| rels = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]] • Islam		\| rels = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]] • Islam
	\| related = [[Patharkat]]		\| related = [[Patharkat]]
	}}		}}

	The [[Kanjari language~~\|Kanjari~~]] ~~language~~ is spoken mostly by the Kanjari people. Kanjari is a lesser known [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo Aryan language]], but almost all also speak [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi~~]] and [[Urdu~~]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247">''Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland'' in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref>		'''Kanjar''' is a hindu tribe with significant populations in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]].

			The [[Kanjari language]] is spoken mostly by the Kanjari people living mostly in Lahore. Kanjari is a lesser-known [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo Aryan language]], but almost all also speak [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247">''Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland'' in The other nomads: peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref> The Kanjari speak 4-5 languages along with their native language, called Narsi.It consists of different sounds of animals and birds, coded words, and signs.<ref>Madan Meena: Secret Language of the Kanjar Community, Fellowship from Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research, USA</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	==Present circumstances==		==Present circumstances==
	===India===		===India===
	The Kanjari were [[Denotified tribes of India\|denotified]] in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced by the [[~~Habitual_Offender_Laws~~#India\|Habitual Offenders Act]], but the community carries considerable [[social stigma]], mainly due to the association of their ~~subculture~~ with ~~[[sex work]] (''dhandha'') and~~ traditions distinct from mainstream [[Indian culture]].<ref name="Cult. Health ~~Sex~~.">{{cite journal \|last=Dayal \|first=Surbhi \|date=February 2020 \|title=''Kanjar'' subculture: socialisation for ~~sex work~~ amongst traditional entertainers in India \|journal=[[Culture, Health ~~& Sexuality\|Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care]~~] \|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] \|volume=23 \|issue=2 \|pages=~~273-283~~ \|doi=10.1080/13691058.2019.1705397 \|pmid=32031496 \|eissn=1464-5351 \|issn=1369-1058 \|oclc=41546256 \|s2cid=211047159}}</ref> Kanjaris are also known as Gihar which is not notified.{{cn\|date=February 2017}}		The Kanjari were [[Denotified tribes of India\|denotified]] in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced by the [[Habitual Offender Laws#India\|Habitual Offenders Act]], but the community carries considerable [[social stigma]], mainly due to the association of their culture with traditions distinct from mainstream [[Indian culture]].<ref name="Cult. Health .">{{cite journal \|last=Dayal \|first=Surbhi \|date=February 2020 \|title=''Kanjar'' subculture: socialisation for amongst traditional entertainers in India \|journal=[[Culture, Health ] \|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] \|volume=23 \|issue=2 \|pages=273–283 \|doi=10.1080/13691058.2019.1705397 \|pmid=32031496 \|eissn=1464-5351 \|issn=1369-1058 \|oclc=41546256 \|s2cid=211047159}}</ref> Kanjaris are also known as Gihar which is not notified.{{citation needed\|date=February 2017}}

	The Kanjari speak 4-5 languages along with their native language, called Narsi-Parsi. It consists of different sounds of animals and birds, coded words, and signs.<ref>Madan Meena: Secret Language of the Kanjar Community, Fellowship from Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research, USA</ref>

	The [[2011 Census of India]] for [[Uttar Pradesh]] showed the Kanjari with a population of 115,968.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx \|title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh \|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India \|accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>		The [[2011 Census of India]] for [[Uttar Pradesh]] showed the Kanjari with a population of 115,968.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx \|title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh \|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India \|accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>

	===Pakistan===		===Pakistan===
	In [[Pakistan]], two distinct communities go by the name Kanjari. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of ~~prostitution and a~~ peripatetic ~~community of~~ craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the [[terracotta]] toys they ~~manufacture and peddle~~. In [[Karachi]], the Urdu speaking community has large numbers of descendants of Kanjaris from Northern India. Most of them moved from [[Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]] to Karachi. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to ~~a [[Procuring (prostitution)\|pimp]] or~~ a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.<ref>Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press {{ISBN\|0195797965}}</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}		In [[Pakistan]], two distinct communities go by the name Kanjari. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of peripatetic craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the [[terracotta]] toys they produce. In [[Karachi]], the Urdu-speaking community has large numbers of descendants of Kanjaris from Northern India. Most of them moved from [[Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]] to Karachi. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.<ref>Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press {{ISBN\|0195797965}}</ref>{{page needed\|date=June 2020}}

	~~====Urban areas====~~

	The Kanjaris are sometimes associated with the [[Lahore]] neighborhood ~~of [[Shahi Mohalla]]~~. ~~This~~ famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of Kanjaris of Lucknow and Kanjaris of other parts of northern India. For centuries Lucknow was a hub for ~~prostitution and~~ affluent families would send their children to be educated in Lucknow. It was believed those women carried the roots of Urdu speaking cultures and pride. From there many moved ~~to Heera Mandi (Shahi Mohalla) and~~ after partition established in Karachi. In Karachi, such Urdu speaking families are well educated but their lineage is easily traceable to Kanjaris. This has been home to a large community of Kanjari for ~~centuries. Many musicians in Pakistan have their roots in the Kanjari community~~. A recent study found that: "A Kanjari hears the music of [[tabla]] and [[ghungroo]] from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-Kanjari friends start going to school."<ref>''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press, page 61</ref>		The Kanjaris are sometimes associated with the [[Lahore]] neighborhood.They are originally a hindu tribe later some converted to sikh and muslim and his famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of Kanjaris of Lucknow and Kanjaris of other parts of northern India. For centuries Lucknow was a hub for affluent families would send their children to be educated in Lucknow. It was believed those women carried the roots of Urdu speaking cultures and pride. From there many moved after partition established in Karachi. In Karachi, such Urdu-speaking families are well educated but their lineage is easily traceable to Kanjaris. This has been home to a large community of Kanjari for centurie. A recent study found that: "A Kanjari hears the music of [[tabla]] and [[ghungroo]] from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-Kanjari friends start going to school."<ref>''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press, page 61</ref>

	~~====Nomads====~~		Although nomadic, the Kanjari follow a set route and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as [[Faisalabad]] and Lahore.<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247"/>
	Although nomadic, the Kanjari follow a set route, and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as [[Faisalabad]] and Lahore.<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247"/>

	==Popular culture==		==Popular culture==
	They are the subject of the Hindi story ''Indrajal'' (Magic in English), by [[Jaishankar Prasad]].		They are the subject of the Hindi story ''Indrajal'' (Magic in English), by [[Jaishankar Prasad]].

	In the [[Lollywood]] film ''[[Bol (film)\|Bol]]'', prominent character Saqa Kanjari, financially helps a fanatic [[Hakim (title)\|hakim]] after the latter bribes the police to bury the ~~case of~~ [[Honor killing\|honour killing]] of his ~~own~~ son. The hakim in return had to bear a daughter for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.		In the [[Lollywood]] film ''[[Bol (film)\|Bol]]'', prominent character Saqa Kanjari, financially helps a fanatic [[Hakim (title)\|''hakim'']] after the latter bribes the police to bury the [[Honor killing\|honour killing]] of his son. The ''hakim'' in return had to bear a daughter for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>Blancparis at 11:58, 22 August 2021

2021-08-22T11:58:33Z

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	{{infobox ethnic group\|		{{infobox ethnic group\|
	\|group = Kanjar		\| group = Kanjar
	\|poptime =		\| poptime =
	\|popplace = India • Pakistan		\| popplace = India • Pakistan
	\|langs = [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] • [[Hindi language\|Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language\|Rajasthani]] • [[Bhojpuri]] • [[Urdu language\|Urdu]] • [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]		\| langs = [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] • [[Hindi language\|Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language\|Rajasthani]] • [[Bhojpuri]] • [[Urdu language\|Urdu]] • [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]
	\|rels = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]] • Islam		\| rels = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]] • Islam
	\|related = [[Patharkat~~]] • [[Mirasi~~]]		\| related = [[Patharkat]]
	}}		}}

	The ~~'''Kanjar''' speak the~~ [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] language, a ~~little-studied~~ [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo Aryan language]], but almost all also speak [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247">''Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland'' in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref>		The [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] language is spoken mostly by the Kanjari people. Kanjari is a lesser known [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo Aryan language]], but almost all also speak [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247">''Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland'' in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref>

	==History==		==History==
	In the [[British Raj\|Colonial period]], ~~Kanjars~~ were listed under the [[Criminal Tribes Act]], 1871, as a tribe "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable ~~offences~~."<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_373.gif Nanta Village] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908, v. 18, ''p. 367.''</ref>		In the [[British Raj\|Colonial period]], Kanjaris were listed under the [[Criminal Tribes Act]], 1871, as a tribe "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offenses."<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_373.gif Nanta Village] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908, v. 18, ''p. 367.''</ref>

	==Present circumstances==		==Present circumstances==
	===India===		===India===
	~~Kanjar~~ were [[Denotified tribes of India\|denotified]] in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced ~~with~~ the [[Habitual_Offender_Laws#India\|Habitual Offenders Act]], but the community carries considerable social stigma. Kanjar's are also known as Gihar which is not notified.{{cn\|date=February 2017}}		The Kanjari were [[Denotified tribes of India\|denotified]] in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced by the [[Habitual_Offender_Laws#India\|Habitual Offenders Act]], but the community carries considerable [[social stigma]], mainly due to the association of their subculture with [[sex work]] (''dhandha'') and traditions distinct from mainstream [[Indian culture]].<ref name="Cult. Health Sex.">{{cite journal \|last=Dayal \|first=Surbhi \|date=February 2020 \|title=''Kanjar'' subculture: socialisation for sex work amongst traditional entertainers in India \|journal=[[Culture, Health & Sexuality\|Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care]] \|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] \|volume=23 \|issue=2 \|pages=273-283 \|doi=10.1080/13691058.2019.1705397 \|pmid=32031496 \|eissn=1464-5351 \|issn=1369-1058 \|oclc=41546256 \|s2cid=211047159}}</ref> Kanjaris are also known as Gihar which is not notified.{{cn\|date=February 2017}}

	The ~~Kanjar~~ speak 4-5 languages along with their native language called Narsi-Parsi. It consists of different sounds of animals and birds, coded words and signs.<ref>Madan Meena: Secret Language of the Kanjar Community, Fellowship from Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research, USA</ref>		The Kanjari speak 4-5 languages along with their native language, called Narsi-Parsi. It consists of different sounds of animals and birds, coded words, and signs.<ref>Madan Meena: Secret Language of the Kanjar Community, Fellowship from Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research, USA</ref>

	The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh showed the ~~Kanjar~~ with a population of 115,968.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx \|title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh \|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India \|accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>		The [[2011 Census of India]] for [[Uttar Pradesh]] showed the Kanjari with a population of 115,968.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx \|title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh \|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India \|accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>

	===Pakistan===		===Pakistan===
	In Pakistan, two distinct communities go by the name ~~Kanjar~~. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of prostitution and a peripatetic community of craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the [[terracotta]] toys they manufacture and peddle.In Karachi,the ~~urdu~~ speaking community has large numbers of descendants of ~~Kanjars~~ from Northern India. Most of them moved from Delhi and Lucknow to Karachi. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to a [[Procuring (prostitution)\|pimp]] or a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.<ref>Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press {{ISBN\|0195797965}}</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}		In [[Pakistan]], two distinct communities go by the name Kanjari. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of prostitution and a peripatetic community of craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the [[terracotta]] toys they manufacture and peddle. In [[Karachi]], the Urdu speaking community has large numbers of descendants of Kanjaris from Northern India. Most of them moved from [[Delhi]] and [[Lucknow]] to Karachi. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to a [[Procuring (prostitution)\|pimp]] or a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.<ref>Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press {{ISBN\|0195797965}}</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}

	====Urban areas====		====Urban areas====

	The ~~Kanjar~~ are sometimes associated with the Lahore neighborhood of Shahi Mohalla. This famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of ~~Kanjars~~ of Lucknow and ~~kanjars ofsome~~ other parts of northern India.For centuries ~~lucknow~~ was a hub for prostitution and ~~the so called well to do~~ families would send their children to be ~~educate~~.It was believed those women carried the roots of ~~urdu~~ speaking cultures and pride.From there many moved to ~~Hira mandi~~ and after partition established in Karachi.In Karachi,such ~~urdu~~ speaking families are well educated but their lineage is easily traceable to ~~Kanjars~~.This has been home to a large community of ~~Kanjar~~ for centuries. Many musicians in Pakistan have their roots in the ~~Kanjar~~ community. A recent study found that: "A ~~Kanjar~~ hears the music of [[tabla]] and [[ghungroo]] from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-~~Kanjar~~ friends start going to school."<ref>''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press, page 61</ref>		The Kanjaris are sometimes associated with the [[Lahore]] neighborhood of [[Shahi Mohalla]]. This famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of Kanjaris of Lucknow and Kanjaris of other parts of northern India. For centuries Lucknow was a hub for prostitution and affluent families would send their children to be educated in Lucknow. It was believed those women carried the roots of Urdu speaking cultures and pride. From there many moved to Heera Mandi (Shahi Mohalla) and after partition established in Karachi. In Karachi, such Urdu speaking families are well educated but their lineage is easily traceable to Kanjaris. This has been home to a large community of Kanjari for centuries. Many musicians in Pakistan have their roots in the Kanjari community. A recent study found that: "A Kanjari hears the music of [[tabla]] and [[ghungroo]] from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-Kanjari friends start going to school."<ref>''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press, page 61</ref>

	====Nomads====		====Nomads====
	Although nomadic, the ~~Kanjar~~ follow a set route, and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as [[Faisalabad]] and [[Lahore]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247"/>		Although nomadic, the Kanjari follow a set route, and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as [[Faisalabad]] and Lahore.<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247"/>

	==Popular culture==		==Popular culture==
	They are the subject of the Hindi story ''Indrajal'' (English~~: Magic~~), by [[Jaishankar Prasad]].		They are the subject of the Hindi story ''Indrajal'' (Magic in English), by [[Jaishankar Prasad]].

	In the [[Lollywood]] film ''[[Bol (film)\|Bol]]'', prominent character Saqa ~~Kanjar~~ financially helps a fanatic hakim after the latter bribes the police to bury the case of honour killing of his own son ~~Saifi~~. The hakim in return had to bear a ~~girl child~~ for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.		In the [[Lollywood]] film ''[[Bol (film)\|Bol]]'', prominent character Saqa Kanjari, financially helps a fanatic [[Hakim (title)\|hakim]] after the latter bribes the police to bury the case of [[Honor killing\|honour killing]] of his own son. The hakim in return had to bear a daughter for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.

	==See also==		==See also==

39.40.45.202: /* Urban areas */grammatical errors

2021-06-20T07:02:17Z

Urban areas: grammatical errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 20 June 2021
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	The '''Kanjar''' are a nomadic tribe or group of people of North [[India]], [[Kashmir]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>HA Rose 'Tribes and Castes of Punjab' 1908 reprint, p 475</ref> The [[Mirasi]] tribes are also probably related to them. These people are also sometimes called by the names of '''Nath''', '''Banchra''' and '''Gashtay'''.<ref>Rose aa</ref> These names are not nice ones, they mean to show that these people are inferior.		{{EngvarB\|date=November 2018}}
	~~[[File:Kashmir Dancing Girl by Samuel Bourne.jpg~~\|~~thumb~~\|~~right~~\|~~Old photograph of Kashmiri dancing girl of the Kanjar tribe, by Samuel Bourne, 1860s]]~~		{{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2018}}
			{{multiple issues\|
			{{POV\|date=August 2018}}
			{{confusing\|date=August 2018}}
			{{undue\|date=August 2018}}
			{{update\|date=August 2018}}
			}}

	~~In old times, most of the~~ Kanjar ~~people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and~~ [[~~Water buffalo~~]]~~es for their meat and milk.<ref>Rose</ref> Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are~~ [[~~Hindu~~]] ~~and some are~~ [[~~Muslims~~]]~~. They are mostly very poor people and do all the dirty jobs that rich people won't do.~~		{{infobox ethnic group\|
			\|group = Kanjar
			\|poptime =
			\|popplace = India • Pakistan
			\|langs = [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] • [[Hindi language\|Hindi]] • [[Rajasthani language\|Rajasthani]] • [[Bhojpuri]] • [[Urdu language\|Urdu]] • [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]]
			\|rels = [[Hinduism]] • [[Sikhism]] • Islam
			\|related = [[Patharkat]] • [[Mirasi]]
			}}

	In [[~~Lahore~~]], ~~Pakistan, and in parts of Kashmir, many Kanjar women are sold by their families to become~~ [[~~Prostitution~~\|~~prostitutes~~]]~~. They go and live in~~ [[~~brothel~~]]~~s in the~~ [[~~Heera Mandi~~]].<ref>~~[[Fouzia Saeed]],~~ '~~Taboo:~~ The ~~Hidden Life of a Red Light Area' pub Karachi, Pakistan~~: ~~Oxford UP,2001<~~/~~ref> Many men will go there~~ to ~~have sex with these poor women for money~~, ~~but no one will marry them. They think they are 'unclean' or bad~~.~~<ref>Fouzia Saeed~~</ref>		The '''Kanjar''' speak the [[Kanjari language\|Kanjari]] language, a little-studied [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo Aryan language]], but almost all also speak [[Punjabi language\|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247">''Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland'' in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref>

			==History==
			In the [[British Raj\|Colonial period]], Kanjars were listed under the [[Criminal Tribes Act]], 1871, as a tribe "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences."<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_373.gif Nanta Village] ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', 1908, v. 18, ''p. 367.''</ref>

	==~~References~~==		==Present circumstances==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		===India===
			Kanjar were [[Denotified tribes of India\|denotified]] in 1952, when the Criminal Tribes Act was replaced with the [[Habitual_Offender_Laws#India\|Habitual Offenders Act]], but the community carries considerable social stigma. Kanjar's are also known as Gihar which is not notified.{{cn\|date=February 2017}}

			The Kanjar speak 4-5 languages along with their native language called Narsi-Parsi. It consists of different sounds of animals and birds, coded words and signs.<ref>Madan Meena: Secret Language of the Kanjar Community, Fellowship from Firebird Foundation for Anthropological Research, USA</ref>

			The [[2011 Census of India]] for Uttar Pradesh showed the Kanjar with a population of 115,968.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/SC_ST/PCA-A10/SC-0900-PCA-A-10-ddw.xlsx \|title= A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh \|publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India \|accessdate=2017-02-06}}</ref>

			===Pakistan===
			In Pakistan, two distinct communities go by the name Kanjar. Over the centuries they became associated with the profession of prostitution and a peripatetic community of craftsmen and entertainers, best known for the [[terracotta]] toys they manufacture and peddle.In Karachi,the urdu speaking community has large numbers of descendants of Kanjars from Northern India. Most of them moved from Delhi and Lucknow to Karachi. The term 'Kanjar' is more generally used to refer to a [[Procuring (prostitution)\|pimp]] or a person of low moral character than as a reference to the tribe.<ref>Kanjar Social Organization by Joseph C Berland in The other nomads : peripatetic minorities in cross-cultural perspective / edited by Aparna Rao pages247 to 268 {{ISBN\|3-412-08085-3}} Köln : Böhlau, 1987.</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press {{ISBN\|0195797965}}</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}

			====Urban areas====

	~~{{bio~~-~~stub}}~~		The Kanjar are sometimes associated with the Lahore neighborhood of Shahi Mohalla. This famous bazaar was inhabited and later flourished under influence of Kanjars of Lucknow and kanjars ofsome other parts of northern India.For centuries lucknow was a hub for prostitution and the so called well to do families would send their children to be educate.It was believed those women carried the roots of urdu speaking cultures and pride.From there many moved to Hira mandi and after partition established in Karachi.In Karachi,such urdu speaking families are well educated but their lineage is easily traceable to Kanjars.This has been home to a large community of Kanjar for centuries. Many musicians in Pakistan have their roots in the Kanjar community. A recent study found that: "A Kanjar hears the music of [[tabla]] and [[ghungroo]] from the day of her birth and must begin her formal education before her non-Kanjar friends start going to school."<ref>''Taboo: The Hidden Culture of a Red Light Area'' by Fouzia Saeed, Oxford University Press, page 61</ref>

			====Nomads====
			Although nomadic, the Kanjar follow a set route, and often maintain a relationship with the villages they visit. Many of the men work as agricultural labourers. Their tents are made from split bamboo or munji grass, and their encampments can be found at the edges of villages, as well as in urban areas such as [[Faisalabad]] and [[Lahore]].<ref name="Joseph C Berland' pages247"/>

			==Popular culture==
			They are the subject of the Hindi story ''Indrajal'' (English: Magic), by [[Jaishankar Prasad]].

			In the [[Lollywood]] film ''[[Bol (film)\|Bol]]'', prominent character Saqa Kanjar financially helps a fanatic hakim after the latter bribes the police to bury the case of honour killing of his own son Saifi. The hakim in return had to bear a girl child for Saqa Kanjar's daughter Meena.

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanjar}}~~		==See also==
	[[~~Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]~~		*[[Gihara]]
	~~[[Category:Ethnic groups in India~~]]

			==References==
			{{reflist\|2}}

	~~{{simple-Wikipedia}}~~		[[Category:Denotified tribes of India]]
			[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan]]
			[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh]]
			[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
			[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan]]

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	In old times, most of the Kanjar people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and [[Water buffalo]]es for their meat and milk.<ref>Rose</ref> Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are [[Hindu]] and some are [[Muslims]]. They are mostly very poor people and do all the dirty jobs that rich people won't do.		In old times, most of the Kanjar people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and [[Water buffalo]]es for their meat and milk.<ref>Rose</ref> Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are [[Hindu]] and some are [[Muslims]]. They are mostly very poor people and do all the dirty jobs that rich people won't do.

	In [[Lahore]], Pakistan, and in parts of Kashmir, many Kanjar women are sold by their families to become [[Prostitution\|prostitutes]]. They go and live in [[~~Brothel\|brothels~~]] in the [[Heera Mandi]].<ref>[[Fouzia Saeed]], 'Taboo: The Hidden Life of a Red Light Area' pub Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford UP,2001</ref> Many men will go there to have sex with these poor women for money, but no one will marry them. They think they are 'unclean' or bad.<ref>Fouzia Saeed</ref>		In [[Lahore]], Pakistan, and in parts of Kashmir, many Kanjar women are sold by their families to become [[Prostitution\|prostitutes]]. They go and live in [[brothel]]s in the [[Heera Mandi]].<ref>[[Fouzia Saeed]], 'Taboo: The Hidden Life of a Red Light Area' pub Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford UP,2001</ref> Many men will go there to have sex with these poor women for money, but no one will marry them. They think they are 'unclean' or bad.<ref>Fouzia Saeed</ref>


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The '''Kanjar''' are a nomadic tribe or group of people of North [[India]], [[Kashmir]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>HA Rose 'Tribes and Castes of Punjab' 1908 reprint, p 475</ref> The [[Mirasi]] tribes are also probably related to them. These people are also sometimes called by the names of '''Nath''', '''Banchra''' and '''Gashtay'''.<ref>Rose aa</ref> These names are not nice ones, they mean to show that these people are inferior.
[[File:Kashmir Dancing Girl by Samuel Bourne.jpg|thumb|right|Old photograph of Kashmiri dancing girl of the Kanjar tribe, by Samuel Bourne, 1860s]]

In old times, most of the Kanjar people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and [[Water buffalo]]es for their meat and milk.<ref>Rose</ref> Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are [[Hindu]] and some are [[Muslims]]. They are mostly very poor people and do all the dirty jobs that rich people won't do.

In [[Lahore]], Pakistan, and in parts of Kashmir, many Kanjar women are sold by their families to become [[Prostitution|prostitutes]]. They go and live in [[Brothel|brothels]] in the [[Heera Mandi]].<ref>[[Fouzia Saeed]], 'Taboo: The Hidden Life of a Red Light Area' pub Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford UP,2001</ref> Many men will go there to have sex with these poor women for money, but no one will marry them. They think they are 'unclean' or bad.<ref>Fouzia Saeed</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{bio-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanjar}}
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]