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	{{short description\|Indian breed ~~of cattle}}~~		{{short description\|Indian cattle breed}}
	~~{{refimprove\|date=October 2018~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Infobox cattle breed		{{Infobox cattle breed
	\| name = Kangayam		\| name = Kangayam
	\| image =		\| image =Kangayam_01.JPG
	\| image_alt =		\| image_alt =
	\| image_caption = Cow		\| image_caption = Cow
	\| image2 =		\| image2 =Kangayam_02.JPG
	\| image_alt2 =		\| image_alt2 =
	\| image_caption2= Bull		\| image_caption2= Bull
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	\| use =		\| use =
	\| weight =		\| weight =
	\| maleweight =		\| maleweight = 523 kg{{r\|dad}}
	\| femaleweight =		\| femaleweight = 341 kg{{r\|dad}}
	\| height =		\| height =
	\| maleheight =		\| maleheight = 140 cm{{r\|dad}}
	\| femaleheight =		\| femaleheight = 125 cm{{r\|dad}}
	\| skincolour =		\| skincolour =
	\| coat =		\| coat = grey, darker in bulls
	\| horn =		\| horn = horned
	\| subspecies = indicus		\| subspecies = indicus
	\| note =		\| note =
	}}		}}

	The '''Kangayam''' or '''Kangeyam''' is an Indian [[list of cattle breeds\|breed]] of [[draught cattle]] from the [[States of India\|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[South India]].{{r\|joshi\|page=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding ~~kangayam nadu (division of~~ [[~~Kongu~~ Nadu]]), but it is distributed over a considerably wider area.{{r\|felius\|page=410}} The breed name derives from that of the ~~town~~ of [[Kangeyam]].{{cn\|~~date=January 2021~~}} It may also be called '''Kanganad''' or '''Kongu'''.{{r\|dad}}		The '''Kangayam''' or '''Kangeyam''' is an Indian [[list of cattle breeds\|breed]] of [[draught cattle]] from the [[States of India\|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[South India]].{{r\|joshi\|page=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding [[Coimbatore]], close to the border between Tamil Nadu and [[Kerala]],{{r\|cabi\|page=214}} but it is distributed over a considerably wider area.{{r\|felius\|page=410}} The breed name derives from that of the [[taluk]] of [[Kangeyam (taluk)\|Kangeyam]].{{r\|nic}} It may also be called '''Kanganad''' or '''Kongu'''.{{r\|dad}}

	They are mainly divided into two varieties. The one which is medium in size are mainly present around southern parts of [[Erode]] till [[Dharapuram]], eastern parts of Tiruppur till [[Karur]]. The other variety which is much larger in size are mainly found in parts of [[Dindigul]] and [[Karur]] districts.		== History ==

	It ~~has been exported~~ to ~~Brazil~~, ~~where~~ it is ~~called~~ the ~~'''Cangaian'''~~.{{r\|~~dad2~~}}		The Kangayam is a traditional draught breed of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is not closely related to the other draught breed of the state, the [[Umblachery]], but may have some influence from the [[Ongole (cattle)\|Ongole]].{{r\|cabi\|page=214\|joshi\|p2=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding [[Coimbatore]], close to the border between Tamil Nadu and [[Kerala]],{{r\|cabi\|page=214}} but it is distributed over a considerably wider area;{{r\|felius\|page=410}} the name of the breed derives from that of the [[taluk]] of [[Kangeyam (taluk)\|Kangeyam]] in [[Tiruppur District]].{{r\|nic}}

	~~The milk of Kangayam cows has a high nutritious value, though it is a poor milker. However, in some cases, good milkers are also found, giving 3 to 4 litres during the peak milking period. The colour~~ of the cattle ~~is grey or white with black markings. The breed is on the wane, due to poor government support for indigenous breeds, although individual conservative efforts are bearing some fruit. Jallikatu is~~ a ~~traditional sport~~ of ~~Tamil Nadu. This breed has participated in that sport.<ref>http://www.kangayambull~~.~~org/</ref>~~		In 1996 there were {{val\|479000}} of the cattle;{{r\|cabi\|p=214}} in 2022 a total population of between {{val\|127500}} and {{val\|152500}} head was reported to [[DAD-IS]].{{r\|dad}}

	'''~~Kangayam bulls~~''' ~~are commonly used in the traditional spectacle of [[Jallikattu]]~~.{{cn\|~~date=July 2021~~}}		It has been exported to Brazil, where it is called the ''' Cangaian'''.{{r\|dad2}}

	==References==		== Characteristics ==

			The Kangayam is of medium size, with a height at the [[withers]] of some {{nobreak\|125–140 cm}} and a body weight of {{nobreak\|340–525 kg;}}{{r\|dad}} two body types are described, a larger and a smaller.{{r\|cabi\|p=214}}

			The calves are red when born, but change to grey by the age of two; cows are grey or dark grey, bulls are darker and may be black on the head and foreparts. The colour of cows and [[oxen]] fades as they age, and cows may become completely white.{{r\|cabi\|p=214}}

			== Use ==

			The Kangayam was one of the two principal draught breeds used in Tamil Nadu, the other being the [[Hallikar]]. The cows give little milk: annual yield is in the range {{nobreak\|342–1455 kg}}, with an average of {{nobreak\|540 kg}}; the [[butterfat\|fat content]] is approximately 3.9%.{{r\|cabi\|p=214}}

			Bulls are used in traditional bull races, as are Hallikar and Ongole bulls.{{r\|cabi\|p=214}} They are also commonly used in the traditional sport of [[Jallikattu]].{{r\|nic\|nie}}

			== References ==
			{{commons category}}
	{{Reflist\|45em\|refs=		{{Reflist\|45em\|refs=

	<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN\|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>		<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], an annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN\|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

	<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=IND&specie=Cattle&breed=Kangayam Breed ~~data sheet~~: Kangayam / India (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>		<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN\|9781780647944}}.</ref>

			<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=IND&specie=Cattle&breed=Kangayam Breed datasheet: Kangayam / India (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>

	<ref name=dad2>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=BRA&specie=Cattle&breed=Cangaian Breed data sheet: Cangaian / Brazil (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>		<ref name=dad2>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=BRA&specie=Cattle&breed=Cangaian Breed data sheet: Cangaian / Brazil (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>
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	<ref name=joshi>N.R. Joshi, Ralph W. Phillips (1953). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201185853/http://www.fao.org/3/a-an469e.pdf ''Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan'']. FAO Agriculture Studies No. 19. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>		<ref name=joshi>N.R. Joshi, Ralph W. Phillips (1953). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201185853/http://www.fao.org/3/a-an469e.pdf ''Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan'']. FAO Agriculture Studies No. 19. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>

			<ref name=nic>[https://tiruppur.nic.in/departments/animal-husbandry-2/ Animal Husbandry: Kangayam Cattle]. Tiruppur District Administration. Accessed June 2022.</ref>

			<ref name=nie>L. Rajagopal (14 January 2018). [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/jan/14/tamil-nadu-bull-dose-jallikattu-revives-kangeyam-popularity-1753230.html Tamil Nadu: Bull dose Jallikattu revives Kangeyam popularity]. ''New Indian Express''. Accessed June 2022.</ref>

			<!---ref>{{Cite web \|last=User \|first=Super \|date=2022-04-01 \|title=Infertility problems pose existential threat to TN’s Kangayam cattle \|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/infertility-problems-pose-threat-to-tamil-nadus-famous-cattle-breed/ \|access-date=2022-06-27 \|website=The Federal \|language=en-US}}</ref--->

	}}		}}
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	[[Category:Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu]]		[[Category:Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu]]
	[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]		[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]

	~~{{cattle-stub}}~~

2402:3A80:53F:4051:F2BC:8A96:E7DB:418 at 14:38, 16 August 2021

2021-08-16T14:38:01Z

New page

{{short description|Indian breed of cattle}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Kangayam
| image =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Cow
| image2 =
| image_alt2 =
| image_caption2= Bull
| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=135}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2021): not at risk{{r|dad}}}}
| altname = {{ubl|Kangeyam|Kanganad|Kongu|Cangaian (in Brazil)}}
| country = India
| distribution =
| standard =
| use =
| weight =
| maleweight =
| femaleweight =
| height =
| maleheight =
| femaleheight =
| skincolour =
| coat =
| horn =
| subspecies = indicus
| note =
}}

The '''Kangayam''' or '''Kangeyam''' is an Indian [[list of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[draught cattle]] from the [[States of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[South India]].{{r|joshi|page=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding kangayam nadu (division of [[Kongu Nadu]]), but it is distributed over a considerably wider area.{{r|felius|page=410}} The breed name derives from that of the town of [[Kangeyam]].{{cn|date=January 2021}} It may also be called '''Kanganad''' or '''Kongu'''.{{r|dad}}

They are mainly divided into two varieties. The one which is medium in size are mainly present around southern parts of [[Erode]] till [[Dharapuram]], eastern parts of Tiruppur till [[Karur]]. The other variety which is much larger in size are mainly found in parts of [[Dindigul]] and [[Karur]] districts.

It has been exported to Brazil, where it is called the '''Cangaian'''.{{r|dad2}}

The milk of Kangayam cows has a high nutritious value, though it is a poor milker. However, in some cases, good milkers are also found, giving 3 to 4 litres during the peak milking period. The colour of the cattle is grey or white with black markings. The breed is on the wane, due to poor government support for indigenous breeds, although individual conservative efforts are bearing some fruit. Jallikatu is a traditional sport of Tamil Nadu. This breed has participated in that sport.<ref>http://www.kangayambull.org/</ref>

'''Kangayam bulls''' are commonly used in the traditional spectacle of [[Jallikattu]].{{cn|date=July 2021}}

==References==
{{Reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=IND&specie=Cattle&breed=Kangayam Breed data sheet: Kangayam / India (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=BRA&specie=Cattle&breed=Cangaian Breed data sheet: Cangaian / Brazil (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>

<ref name=felius>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.it/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>

<ref name=joshi>N.R. Joshi, Ralph W. Phillips (1953). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201185853/http://www.fao.org/3/a-an469e.pdf ''Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan'']. FAO Agriculture Studies No. 19. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>

}}

{{Cattle breeds of India}}

[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]

{{cattle-stub}}

Kangayam cattle - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2402:3A80:53F:4051:F2BC:8A96:E7DB:418 at 14:38, 16 August 2021