Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi - Revision history

ZaidBaig: formatting fix

2026-02-13T07:09:33Z

formatting fix

->Ffffrr: Short description

2022-01-10T13:33:36Z

Short description

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:03, 10 January 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Indian independence movement activist (1887–1971)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2014}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2014}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
Line 20:		Line 21:
	\| successor1 = [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]]		\| successor1 = [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]]
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=y\|1887\|12\|30}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=y\|1887\|12\|30}}
	\| birth_place = [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay ~~presidency~~]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1971\|2\|8\|1887\|12\|30}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=yes\|1971\|2\|8\|1887\|12\|30}}
	\| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
Line 45:		Line 46:
	}}		}}

	'''Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi'''<ref name="Correct spelling 'Kanaiyalal'">{{cite book\|title=Krishnavatara (Vol. I) – The Magic Flute\|year=1973\|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan\|pages=dust cover flap}}</ref> ({{IPA-gu\|kə.nəi.ya.lal ma.ɳek.lal mun.ʃi\|pron\|}}; 30 December 1887 – 8 February 1971), popularly known by his pen name '''Ghanshyam Vyas''', was an [[Indian independence movement]] activist~~, socialist~~, politician, writer and educationist from [[Gujarat]] state. A lawyer by profession, he later turned to author and politician. He is a well-known name in [[Gujarati literature]]. He founded [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], an educational trust, in 1938.<ref name="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi">{{cite web\|title=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi\|url=http://www.bvbdelhi.org}}</ref>		'''Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi'''<ref name="Correct spelling 'Kanaiyalal'">{{cite book\|title=Krishnavatara (Vol. I) – The Magic Flute\|year=1973\|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan\|pages=dust cover flap}}</ref> ({{IPA-gu\|kə.nəi.ya.lal ma.ɳek.lal mun.ʃi\|pron\|}}; 30 December 1887 – 8 February 1971), popularly known by his pen name '''Ghanshyam Vyas''', was an [[Indian independence movement]] activist, politician, writer and educationist from [[Gujarat]] state. A lawyer by profession, he later turned to author and politician. He is a well-known name in [[Gujarati literature]]. He founded [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], an educational trust, in 1938.<ref name="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi">{{cite web\|title=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi\|url=http://www.bvbdelhi.org}}</ref>

	Munshi wrote his works in three languages namely Gujarati, English and Hindi. Before independence of India, Munshi was part of [[Indian National Congress]] and after independence, he joined [[Swatantra Party]]. Munshi held several important posts like member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]], minister of agriculture and food of India, and governor of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In his later life, he was one of the founding members of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]].		Munshi wrote his works in three languages namely Gujarati, English and Hindi. Before independence of India, Munshi was part of [[Indian National Congress]] and after independence, he joined [[Swatantra Party]]. Munshi held several important posts like member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]], minister of agriculture and food of India, and governor of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In his later life, he was one of the founding members of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]].
Line 73:		Line 74:
	===Post-independence India===		===Post-independence India===
	[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru driving a tractor at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 2 October 1952.jpg\|left\|thumb\|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] driving tractor with Munshi and Rajkumari Amrita Kaur. (From right to left, Munshi wore goggles and [[Gandhi cap]])]]		[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru driving a tractor at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 2 October 1952.jpg\|left\|thumb\|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] driving tractor with Munshi and Rajkumari Amrita Kaur. (From right to left, Munshi wore goggles and [[Gandhi cap]])]]
	He was a part of several committees including Drafting Committee, Advisory Committee, Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/k_m_munshi Constituent Assembly Members]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref><ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in (20 February 1947). Retrieved on 2018-12-07.</ref> Munshi presented his draft on Fundamental Rights to the Drafting ~~Committee~~ and it sought for progressive rights to be made a part of Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&keyword%5B%5D=fundamental+rights&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>		He was a part of several committees including Drafting Committee, Advisory Committee, Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/k_m_munshi Constituent Assembly Members]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref><ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in (20 February 1947). Retrieved on 2018-12-07.</ref> Munshi presented his draft on Fundamental Rights to the Drafting and it sought for progressive rights to be made a part of Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&keyword%5B%5D=fundamental+rights&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>

	After the [[independence of India]], Munshi, Sardar Patel and [[N. V. Gadgil]] visited the [[Junagadh State]] to stabilise the state with help of the Indian Army. In Junagadh, Patel declared the reconstruction of the historically important [[Somnath temple]]. Patel died before the reconstruction was completed. Munshi became the main driving force behind the renovation of the [[Somnath]] temple even after [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s opposition.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Gabriel \|first1=Marie Cruz \|title=A Silence In The City And Other Stories \|date=1996 \|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan\|Orient Longman]] \|isbn=978-81-250-0828-6 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|access-date=2020-04-14\|title=In Nehru vs Patel-Prasad on Somnath, a context of Partition, nation building\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/somnath-temple-rahul-gandhi-babri-demolition-ram-rath-yatra-ram-mandir-ayodhya-verdict-hindutvain-nehru-sardar-patel-4971403/\|date=9 December 2017\|website=[[The Indian Express]]\|first=Uma\|last=Vishnu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|first1=Makkhan\|last1=Lal\|access-date=2020-04-14\|title=On KM Munshi's birth anniversary, remembering his fight to rebuild Somnath Temple\|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/on-km-munshis-birth-anniversary-remembering-his-fight-to-rebuild-somnath-temple/25283/\|date=30 December 2018\|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>		After the [[independence of India]], Munshi, Sardar Patel and [[N. V. Gadgil]] visited the [[Junagadh State]] to stabilise the state with help of the Indian Army. In Junagadh, Patel declared the reconstruction of the historically important [[Somnath temple]]. Patel died before the reconstruction was completed. Munshi became the main driving force behind the renovation of the [[Somnath]] temple even after [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s opposition.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Gabriel \|first1=Marie Cruz \|title=A Silence In The City And Other Stories \|date=1996 \|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan\|Orient Longman]] \|isbn=978-81-250-0828-6 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|access-date=2020-04-14\|title=In Nehru vs Patel-Prasad on Somnath, a context of Partition, nation building\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/somnath-temple-rahul-gandhi-babri-demolition-ram-rath-yatra-ram-mandir-ayodhya-verdict-hindutvain-nehru-sardar-patel-4971403/\|date=9 December 2017\|website=[[The Indian Express]]\|first=Uma\|last=Vishnu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|first1=Makkhan\|last1=Lal\|access-date=2020-04-14\|title=On KM Munshi's birth anniversary, remembering his fight to rebuild Somnath Temple\|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/on-km-munshis-birth-anniversary-remembering-his-fight-to-rebuild-somnath-temple/25283/\|date=30 December 2018\|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

imported>Sagar.j.lakhani.752 at 06:49, 27 June 2021

2021-06-27T06:49:26Z

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. M. Munshi
| image = K M Munshi.jpg
| caption = Munshi in his early sixties.
| order = 2nd
| office = Governor of Uttar Pradesh
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Govind Ballabh Pant]] [[Sampurnanand]]
| term_start = 2 June 1952
| term_end = 9 June 1957
| predecessor = [[Homi Mody]]
| successor = [[Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]
| office1 = 3rd [[Ministry of Agriculture (India)|Minister of Agriculture]]
| primeminister1 = [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| term_start1 = 13 May 1950
| term_end1 = 13 May 1952
| predecessor1 = [[Jairamdas Daulatram]]
| successor1 = [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1887|12|30}}
| birth_place = [[Bharuch]], [[Bombay presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1971|2|8|1887|12|30}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = [[Freedom fighter]], politician, lawyer, writer
| alma_mater = [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda|Baroda College]]<ref>{{cite web |title=IndianPost – KANHAIYALAL M MUNSHI |url=http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Paper/Unwatermarked%20Gummed%20coated%20stamp%20paper/KANHAIYALAL%20M%20MUNSHI |website=indianpost.com |publisher=indianpost.com |access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref>
| known_for = Founder of [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] (1938) Home Minister of [[Bombay State]] (1937–40) Agent-General of India in [[Hyderabad State]] (1948) Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] Member of Parliament Minister for Agriculture & Food (1952–53) 
| party = [[Swaraj Party]], [[Indian National Congress]], [[Swatantra Party]], [[Jan Sangh]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Atilakshmi Pathak|1900|1924|end=her death}}, {{marriage|[[Lilavati Munshi|Leelavati Sheth]]|1926}}
| children = Jagadish Munshi, Sarla Sheth, Usha Raghupathi, Lata Munshi, Girish Munshi
| module = {{Infobox writer
| embed = yes
| pseudonym = Ghanshyam Vyas
| language = Gujarati, Hindi and English
| period = Colonial India
| genre = Mythology, Historical Fiction
| subjects = Krishna, Indian history
| movement =
| notable_works = [[Patan trilogy]]
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| years_active = 1900-1970
}}
}}

'''Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi'''<ref name="Correct spelling 'Kanaiyalal'">{{cite book|title=Krishnavatara (Vol. I) – The Magic Flute|year=1973|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|pages=dust cover flap}}</ref> ({{IPA-gu|kə.nəi.ya.lal ma.ɳek.lal mun.ʃi|pron|}}; 30 December 1887 – 8 February 1971), popularly known by his pen name '''Ghanshyam Vyas''', was an [[Indian independence movement]] activist, socialist, politician, writer and educationist from [[Gujarat]] state. A lawyer by profession, he later turned to author and politician. He is a well-known name in [[Gujarati literature]]. He founded [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], an educational trust, in 1938.<ref name="Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi">{{cite web|title=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, New Delhi|url=http://www.bvbdelhi.org}}</ref>

Munshi wrote his works in three languages namely Gujarati, English and Hindi. Before independence of India, Munshi was part of [[Indian National Congress]] and after independence, he joined [[Swatantra Party]]. Munshi held several important posts like member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]], minister of agriculture and food of India, and governor of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In his later life, he was one of the founding members of [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]].

==Early life==
Munshi was born on 30 December 1887 at [[Bharuch]], a town in [[Gujarat State]] of [[British Raj|British India]].<ref name="Sheth1979">{{cite book|last=Sheth|first=Jayana|title=Munshi : Self-sculptor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u969WD39ct8C|edition=1st|year=1979|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|location=Bombay|pages=239–243|oclc=568760494}}</ref> Munshi took admission at [[Baroda College]] in 1902 and scored first class with 'Ambalal Sakarlal Paritoshik'. In 1907, by scoring maximum marks in the [[English language]], he received 'Elite prize' along with degree of [[Bachelor of Arts]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Gujarati Vishwakosh|last=Thakar|first=Dhirubhai|publisher=Gujarat Vishwakosh Trust|year=2002|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=236, 237|title-link=Gujarati Vishwakosh}}</ref> Later, he was given [[honoris causa]] from same university.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/economy/msu-doctorate-for-mukesh-ambani/articleshow/2415180.cms|title=MSU doctorate for Mukesh Ambani|date=2007-09-30|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref> He received degree of [[LLB]] in Mumbai in 1910 and registered as [[lawyer]] in the [[Bombay High Court]].<ref name=":2" />

One of his professor at Baroda College was Aurobindo Ghosh (later [[Sri Aurobindo]]) who had a profound impression on him. Munshi was also influenced by [[Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III]] of Baroda, [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Sardar Patel]] and [[Bhulabhai Desai]].<ref name="Bhagavan">{{cite journal |last=Bhagavan |first=Manu |title=The Hindutva Underground: Hindu Nationalism and the Indian National Congress in Late Colonial and Early Post-Colonial India |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=43 |pages=39–48 |number=37 |year=2008 |jstor=40277950}}</ref>

== Political career ==

=== Indian independence movement ===
Due to influence of Aurobindo, Munshi leaned towards revolutionary group and get himself involved into the process of bomb-making. But after settling in the Mumbai, he joined [[Indian Home Rule movement]] and became secretary in 1915.<ref name=":2" /> In 1917, he became secretary of Bombay presidency association.<ref name=":2" /> In 1920, he attended annual congress session at [[Ahmedabad]] and was influenced by its president [[Surendranath Banerjee]].<ref name=":2" />

In 1927, he was elected to the [[Bombay Legislative Assembly|Bombay legislative assembly]] but after [[Bardoli Satyagraha|Bardoli satyagraha]], he resigned under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi.<ref name=":2" /> He participated in the [[civil disobedience movement]] in 1930 and was arrested for six months initially. After taking part in the second part of same movement, he was arrested again and spent two years in the jail in 1932.<ref name=":2" /> In 1934, he became secretary of Congress parliamentary board.<ref name=":1" />

Munshi was elected again in the [[1937 Bombay Presidency election|1937 Bombay presidency election]] and became Home Minister of the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=":2" /> During his tenure of home minister, he suppressed the communal riots in Bombay.<ref name=":2" /> Munshi was again arrested after he took part in [[August Offer|Individual satyagraha]] in 1940.<ref name=":2" />

As the demand for [[Pakistan]] gathered momentum, he gave up non-violence and supported the idea of a civil war to compel the Muslims to give up their demand. He believed that the future of Hindus and Muslims lay in unity in an "[[Akhand Bharat|Akhand Hindustan]]".<ref name=vhp>{{cite book |last=Katju |first=Manjari |title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2013 |isbn=978-81-250-2476-7}}</ref> He left Congress in 1941 due to dissents with Congress, but was invited back in 1946 by Mahatma Gandhi.<ref name=Bhagavan/><ref name=":2" />

==== Offices held ====
* Member of Bombay Legislative Assembly<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://upgovernor.gov.in/en/post/shri-kanhaiyalal-maneklal-munshi|title=Official Website of Governor's Secretariat, Raj Bhavan Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, India. / Shri Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi|website=upgovernor.gov.in|access-date=2019-10-29}}</ref>
* Member of Working committee of Indian National Congress (1930), Member of [[All India Congress Committee]] (1930-36,1947)<ref name=":1" />
* Secretary of Congress Parliamentary Board (1934)<ref name=":1" />
* Home Minister of Government of Bombay (1937-40)<ref name=":1" />

===Post-independence India===
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru driving a tractor at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 2 October 1952.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] driving tractor with Munshi and Rajkumari Amrita Kaur. (From right to left, Munshi wore goggles and [[Gandhi cap]])]]
He was a part of several committees including Drafting Committee, Advisory Committee, Sub-Committee on Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/constituent_assembly_members/k_m_munshi Constituent Assembly Members]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref><ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in (20 February 1947). Retrieved on 2018-12-07.</ref> Munshi presented his draft on Fundamental Rights to the Drafting Committee and it sought for progressive rights to be made a part of Fundamental Rights.<ref>[http://cadindia.clpr.org.in/search?tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=K.M.+Munshi&keyword%5B%5D=fundamental+rights&document_type%5B%5D=1&document_type%5B%5D=0&sort_by=Relevant+Day&filter_tag%5Bspeaker%5D%5B%5D=15360&date_of_debate= Speaker: K. M. Munshi]. Cadindia.clpr.org.in. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>

After the [[independence of India]], Munshi, Sardar Patel and [[N. V. Gadgil]] visited the [[Junagadh State]] to stabilise the state with help of the Indian Army. In Junagadh, Patel declared the reconstruction of the historically important [[Somnath temple]]. Patel died before the reconstruction was completed. Munshi became the main driving force behind the renovation of the [[Somnath]] temple even after [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s opposition.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gabriel |first1=Marie Cruz |title=A Silence In The City And Other Stories |date=1996 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan|Orient Longman]] |isbn=978-81-250-0828-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-04-14|title=In Nehru vs Patel-Prasad on Somnath, a context of Partition, nation building|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/somnath-temple-rahul-gandhi-babri-demolition-ram-rath-yatra-ram-mandir-ayodhya-verdict-hindutvain-nehru-sardar-patel-4971403/|date=9 December 2017|website=[[The Indian Express]]|first=Uma|last=Vishnu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first1=Makkhan|last1=Lal|access-date=2020-04-14|title=On KM Munshi's birth anniversary, remembering his fight to rebuild Somnath Temple|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/on-km-munshis-birth-anniversary-remembering-his-fight-to-rebuild-somnath-temple/25283/|date=30 December 2018|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>

Munshi was appointed diplomatic envoy and trade agent (Agent-General) to the princely state of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], where he served until its accession to India in 1948. Munshi was on the ad hoc Flag Committee that selected the [[Flag of India]] in August 1947, and on the committee which drafted the [[Constitution of India]] under the chairmanship of [[B. R. Ambedkar]].

Besides being a politician and educator, Munshi was also an environmentalist. He initiated the [[Van Mahotsav]] in 1950, when he was Union Minister of Food and Agriculture, to increase area under forest cover. Since then Van Mahotsav a week-long festival of tree plantation is organised every year in the month of July all across the country and lakhs of trees are planted.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.televisionpost.com/epic-channel-celebrates-van-mahotsav-the-national-tree-plantation-festival/|title=EPIC Channel celebrates 'Van Mahotsav' – The National Tree Plantation Festival - TelevisionPost: Latest News, India's Television, Cable, DTH, TRAI|date=2019-07-05|website=TelevisionPost: Latest News, India’s Television, Cable, DTH, TRAI|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref>

Munshi served as the [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]] from 1952 to 1957.<ref name=":1" /> In 1959, Munshi separated from the Nehru-dominated (socialist) [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]] and started the [[Akhand Hindustan]] movement. He believed in a strong opposition, so along with [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]], he founded the Swatantra Party, which was right-wing in its politics, pro-business, pro-free market economy and private property rights. The party enjoyed considerable success and eventually died out.

In August 1964, he chaired the meeting for the founding of the [[Hindutva|Hindu nationalist]] organisation [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] at Sandipini ashram.<ref name="vhp" />

==== Posts held ====
* Member of constituent assembly of India and its drafting committee (1947-52)<ref name=":1" />
* Union minister of food and agriculture (1950-52)<ref name=":1" />
* Agent general to the Government of India, Hyderabad (1948)<ref name=":1" />

== Academic career ==
Munshi was thinking of giving an institutional foundations to his ideas and ideals since 1923. On 7 November 1938, he established [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] with Harshidbhai Divatia and his wife [[Lilavati Munshi]] at [[Andheri]], [[Bombay]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=K.M. Munshi|last=Kulkarni|first=V. B|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|year=2014|pages=268}}</ref> Later, he established Mumbadevi Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya to teach [[Sanskrit]] and ancient Hindu texts according to traditional methods.<ref>{{Cite book|title=K.M. Munshi|last=Kulkarni|first=V. B|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|year=2014|pages=269}}</ref>

Apart from founding [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]], Munshi was instrumental in the establishment of [[Bhavan's College, Andheri|Bhavan's College]], [[Hansraj Morarji Public School]], [[Rajhans Vidyalaya]], [[Rajhans Balvatika]] and [[Sanjeewan Vidyalaya|Panchgani Hindu School]] (1922). He was elected Fellow of the [[University of Bombay]], where he was responsible for giving adequate representation to regional languages. He was also instrumental in starting the department of Chemical Technology.

He served as Chairman of Institute of Agriculture, Anand (1951-71), trustee of the Birla Education Trust (1948-71), executive chairman of [[Indian Law Institute]] (1957-60) and chairman of [[Sanskrit Vishwa Parishad]] (1951-1961).<ref name=":1" />

== Literary career and works ==
Munshi, with pen name ''Ghanshyam Vyas'', was a prolific writer in Gujarati and English, earning a reputation as one of Gujarat's greatest literary figures.<ref name=":2" /> Being a writer and a conscientious journalist, Munshi started a Gujarati monthly called Bhargava. He was joint-editor of Young India and in 1954, started the Bhavan's Journal which is published by the [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] to this day. Munshi was President of the [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] and the {{ill|Hindi Sahitya Sammelan|hi|अखिल भारतीय हिंदी साहित्य सम्मेलन}}.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Bhagavan" />

Munshi was also a [[Literature|litterateur]] with a wide range of interests. He is well known for his historical novels in [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], especially his [[Patan triology|trilogy]] ''Patan-ni-Prabhuta'' (The Glory of Patan), ''Gujarat-no-Nath'' (The Lord and Master of Gujarat) and ''Rajadhiraj'' (The King of Kings). His other works include ''Jay Somnath'' (on [[Somnath]] temple), ''[[Krishnavatara]]'' (on Lord [[Krishna]]), ''Bhagavan Parasurama'' (on [[Parshurama]]), and ''Tapasvini'' (The Lure of Power) a novel with a fictional parallel drawn from the Freedom Movement of India under [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Munshi also wrote several notable works in English.

Munshi has written mostly based on fictional historical themes namely

# Earlier Aryan settlements in India (What he calls Gaurang's – white skinned)
# Krishna's endeavors in Mahabharata times
# More recently in 10th century India around Gujarat, Malwa and Southern India.

K.M. Munshi's novel ''[[Prithivivallabh]]'' was made into a movie of the same name twice. The adaptation directed by Manilal Joshi in 1924 was very controversial in its day: [[Mahatma Gandhi]] criticised it for excessive sex and violence. [[Prithvi Vallabh|The second version]] was by [[Sohrab Modi]] in 1943.

===Works in Gujarati and Hindi===
His works are as following:<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|title=Source: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai}}</ref><ref name=kh>[https://openlibrary.org/search?author_key=OL4167A&language=hin Open Library – Books of Kanhiyalal Munshi]. Openlibrary.org. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>
{{div col}}
'''Novels'''
* ''Mari Kamala'' (1912)
* ''Verni Vasulat'' (1913) (under the pen name ''Ghanashyam'')
* ''[[Patan triology|Patanni Prabhuta]]'' (1916)
* ''[[Patan triology|Gujaratno Nath]]'' (1917)
* ''[[Patan triology|Rajadhiraj]]'' (1918)
* ''[[Prithivivallabh]]'' (1921)
* ''Svapnadishta'' (1924)
* ''Lopamudra'' (1930)
* ''Jay Somanth'' (1940)
* ''Bhagavan Parashurama'' (1946)
* ''Tapasvini'' (1957)
* ''[[Krishnavatara]]'' (in eight volumes) (1970)last novel, still remained incomplete
* ''Kono vank''
* ''Lomaharshini''
* ''Bhagvan Kautilya''
* ''Pratirodha'' (1900)
* ''Atta ke svapana'' (1900)
* ''Gaurava kā pratīka'' (1900)
* ''Gujarat ke Gaurava'' (1900)
* ''Sishu aura Sakhi'' (1961)
* ''Avibhakta Atma''
'''Drama'''
* ''Brahmacharyashram'' (1931)
* ''Dr. Madhurika'' (1936)
* ''Pauranik Natako''
'''Non-fiction'''
* ''Ketlak Lekho'' (1926)
* ''Adadhe Raste'' (1943)
{{div col end}}

===Works in English<ref name="ReferenceA"/>===
{{div col}}
* ''Gujarat and Its Literature''
* ''Imperial Gujaras''
* ''Bhagavad Gita and Modern Life''
* ''Creative Art of Life''
* ''To Badrinath''
* ''Saga of Indian Sculpture''
* ''The End of An Era''
* ''President under Indian Constitution''
* ''Warnings of History: Trends in Modern India''
* ''Somanatha, The shrine eternal''
{{div col end}}

== Personal life ==
In 1900, he married Atilakshmi Pathak, who died in 1924. In 1926, he married [[Lilavati Munshi]] ([[née]] Sheth).<ref name="Sheth1979" /><ref name=":2" />

==Popular culture==
[[File:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 1988 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Munshi on a 1988 stamp of India]]
Munshi was portrayed by [[K. K. Raina]] in the [[Shyam Benegal]]'s mini-series ''[[Samvidhaan]]''.

==Memorials==
* A major thoroughfare in [[Mumbai]] is named after him.
* A road in [[Jaipur]] is named after him.
* A school in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] is named after him as Bhavan's Kulapati K.M. Munshi Memorial Vidya Mandir Sapthat.
* A postage stamp was issued in his honor in 1988.<ref>[http://indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Paper/Unwatermarked%20Gummed%20coated%20stamp%20paper/KANHAIYALAL%20M%20MUNSHI Indian postage stamp on Munshi – 1988]. Indianpost.com. Retrieved on 7 December 2018.</ref>
* The [[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]] has instituted an award in his honor – The Kulapati Munshi Award – awarded to recognize and honor a citizen of the Kendra who has done excellent and outstanding service to society in any special field.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kulapati Munshi Award conferred|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/kulapati-munshi-award-conferred/article4499566.ece|access-date=1 March 2014|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* A boys hostel named as K. M. Munshi Hall at Main campus, The [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], Vadodara, Gujarat.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Kulkarni|first=V. B.|title=K.M. Munshi|url=https://archive.org/details/kmmunshi00kulk|series=Builders of Modern India|year=2014|orig-year=1959|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-230-1917-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Nayak|first=Ratilal S.|title=મુનશી-અભ્યાસ : જીવન અને સાહિત્ય|script-title=gu:Munaśi-abhyasa : Jīvana ane Sāhitya|trans-title=Study of Munsh's Life and Works|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nKMRAQAAIAAJ|year=1967|publisher=Anada Book Depo|location=Ahmedabad|oclc=20835599|language=gu}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Kanaiyalal Munshi}}
* [http://www.rediff.com/news/oct/31raj2.htm Rediff.com article]
* [http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/03/stories/2008090352000700 Kulapathi Munshi Award presented to industrialist (The Hindu, 3 September 2008)]
* [http://www.kamat.com/database/janata/freedom_k_m_munshi.htm Portrait of Munshiji at Kamat.com]

{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Governors of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Munshi, Kanaiyalal Maneklal}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Vadodara]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Scholars from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Governors of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:University and college founders]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of India]]
[[Category:Novelists from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]
[[Category:English-language writers from India]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language writers]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Swatantra Party politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Hindu activists]]
[[Category:Hindu movements]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian historical novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]