Kammalar (caste) - Revision history

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Removed empty portal template using script

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Tamils\|India\|Hinduism}}~~
	* [[Caste system in India]]		* [[Caste system in India]]
	* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]		* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]

Ajay Kumar: Added citation

2023-07-23T14:50:39Z

Added citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 23 July 2023
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	\|caste_name=Kammalar		\|caste_name=Kammalar
	\|languages=[[Tamil language\|Tamil]]		\|languages=[[Tamil language\|Tamil]]
	\|religions=[[Hinduism]]		\|religions=[[Hinduism]], [[Christian]]
	\|related=[[Tamils]], [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]		\|related=[[Tamils]], [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
	\|subdivisions={{unbulleted list		\|subdivisions={{unbulleted list
	\| Thachar		\| Thachar
	\| Karthachar		\| Karthachar
	\| ~~Thattar~~		\| Tharar
	\| Kollar		\| Kollar
	\| Kannar		\| Kannar
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	}}		}}

	The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)~~'''~~ is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), ~~Tattar~~ (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ~~&dq~~\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|~~last~~=Nyrop\|~~first~~=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}</ref> kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm]		The '''Kammalar''' (கம்மாளர்) is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tarar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last1=Nyrop\|first1=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}</ref> kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm]
	They worship various forms of this deity and follow five [[Vedas]]{{mdash}}[[Rigveda]], [[Yajurveda]], [[Samaveda]], [[Atharvaveda]], and [[Fifth Veda\|Pranava Veda]].<ref>"The Panchals are the followers of the five Vedas, the fifth being Pranava Veda."{{cite book\|last=Karnataka (India)\|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum\|year=1987\|publisher=Printed by the Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ}}</ref>.The king who built [[Ancient Thanjai peruvudaiyar temple]] is "[[Raja raja kunjaramallar]]" belongs to kammalar(Achari).The freedom fighter "[[K.s.muthuswamy achari]]" belongs to this community."Kammalars" are backbone of India who turned all around the world to "Indian culture & literature".Many histories are hidden by some community peoples which belongs to Kammalar(kammiyar).		They worship various forms of this deity.

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
	The word Kammalar is derived from the [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] word ''Kam'' meaning "art" or "operation".<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?&id=Fe0vAAAAIAAJ~~&dq~~\|title=Early South Indian Paleography\|last=Mahalingam\|first=T. V.\|date=1967\|publisher=University of Madras\|pages=223\|language=en}}</ref> The Kammalar finds mention in ancient [[Sangam literature]], mentioning them by the name ''Kammiyar.'' <ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVuAAAAMAAJ~~&dq~~\|title=Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu\|last=Pillay\|first=Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi\|date=1979\|publisher=Pillay\|pages=340\|language=en}}</ref> Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of [[Deity\|deities]].<ref name="Longo2000">{{cite book\|author=Bernadette Longo\|title=Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjTOVfz_fAC&pg=PA160\|access-date=24 May 2011\|date=May 2000\|publisher=SUNY Press\|isbn=978-0-7914-4556-3\|pages=160–}}</ref>		The word Kammalar is derived from the [[Tamil language\|Tamil]] word ''Kam'' meaning "art" or "operation".<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fe0vAAAAIAAJ\|title=Early South Indian Paleography\|last=Mahalingam\|first=T. V.\|date=1967\|publisher=University of Madras\|pages=223\|language=en}}</ref> The Kammalar finds mention in ancient [[Sangam literature]], mentioning them by the name ''Kammiyar.'' <ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVuAAAAMAAJ\|title=Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu\|last=Pillay\|first=Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi\|date=1979\|publisher=Pillay\|pages=340\|language=en}}</ref> Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of [[Deity\|deities]].<ref name="Longo2000">{{cite book\|author=Bernadette Longo\|title=Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjTOVfz_fAC&pg=PA160\|access-date=24 May 2011\|date=May 2000\|publisher=SUNY Press\|isbn=978-0-7914-4556-3\|pages=160–}}</ref>

	== Synonyms ==		== Synonyms ==
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	In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Achari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.		In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Achari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.

	The Pather (Kammalar) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of [[Tamil Nadu]] are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>		The Pather (Kammalar) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of Tamil Nadu are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
			{{Portal\|Tamils\|India\|Hinduism}}
	* [[Caste system in India]]		* [[Caste system in India]]
	* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]		* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]

117.201.23.177: History

2021-11-11T19:41:49Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:11, 12 November 2021
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	}}		}}

	The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}</ref>.~~The are~~ of [[~~Shudra~~]] ~~status in the~~ [[~~Caste system in India\|Hindu caste system~~]], ~~but claim to be~~ [[~~Brahmin\|Brahmins~~]] and ~~wear the~~ [[~~sacred thread~~]].<ref>{{~~Cite~~ book\|last=~~Kramrisch~~\|~~first~~=~~Stella~~\|~~title~~=~~Exploring India's Sacred Art~~\|publisher=~~University~~ of ~~Pennsylvania Press~~, ~~Indira Gandhi National Centre for~~ the ~~Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers~~\|~~origyear~~=~~1983\|year~~= ~~1994\|isbn=\|pages=61~~}}</ref>		The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}</ref> kammalar's are classified and listed as backward class by both central government of India and State government of Tamil Nadu [http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm]
			They worship various forms of this deity and follow five [[Vedas]]{{mdash}}[[Rigveda]], [[Yajurveda]], [[Samaveda]], [[Atharvaveda]], and [[Fifth Veda\|Pranava Veda]].<ref>"The Panchals are the followers of the five Vedas, the fifth being Pranava Veda."{{cite book\|last=Karnataka (India)\|title=Karnataka State Gazetteer: Belgaum\|year=1987\|publisher=Printed by the Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Govt. Press\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Lm1AAAAIAAJ}}</ref>.The king who built [[Ancient Thanjai peruvudaiyar temple]] is "[[Raja raja kunjaramallar]]" belongs to kammalar(Achari).The freedom fighter "[[K.s.muthuswamy achari]]" belongs to this community."Kammalars" are backbone of India who turned all around the world to "Indian culture & literature".Many histories are hidden by some community peoples which belongs to Kammalar(kammiyar).

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==
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	=== Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka ===		=== Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka ===
	In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil ~~Asari~~ is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.		In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Achari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.

	The Pather ([[Kammalar ~~(caste)\|Kammalar]]~~) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of [[Tamil Nadu]] are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>		The Pather (Kammalar) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of [[Tamil Nadu]] are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

WikiDwarf: Reverted edits by 2401:4900:3389:588D:16ED:9720:5E1B:BB3 (talk) to last revision by >Keith D

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Reverted edits by 2401:4900:3389:588D:16ED:9720:5E1B:BB3 (talk) to last revision by [[User:>Keith D|>Keith D]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:41, 25 July 2021
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	The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Kramrisch\|first=Stella\|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers\|origyear=1983\|year= 1994\|isbn=\|pages=61}}~~</ref>~~</ref>		The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}</ref>.The are of [[Shudra]] status in the [[Caste system in India\|Hindu caste system]], but claim to be [[Brahmin\|Brahmins]] and wear the [[sacred thread]].<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Kramrisch\|first=Stella\|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers\|origyear=1983\|year= 1994\|isbn=\|pages=61}}</ref>

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==

2401:4900:3389:588D:16ED:9720:5E1B:BB3 at 03:07, 25 July 2021

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	The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}~~</ref>.The are of [[Shudra]] status in the [[Caste system in India\|Hindu caste system]], but claim to be [[Brahmin\|Brahmins]] and wear the [[sacred thread]]~~.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Kramrisch\|first=Stella\|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers\|origyear=1983\|year= 1994\|isbn=\|pages=61}}</ref>		The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils\|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&\|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils\|last=Ramaswamy\|first=Vijaya\|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield\|year=2017\|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0\|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq\|title=Sri Lanka, a country study\|last=Nyrop\|first=Richard F.\|last2=Studies\|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area\|last3=Army\|first3=United States Dept of the\|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army\|year=1986\|pages=108}}.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Kramrisch\|first=Stella\|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art\|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers\|origyear=1983\|year= 1994\|isbn=\|pages=61}}</ref></ref>

	== Etymology ==		== Etymology ==

>Keith D: Fix cite date error

2021-05-02T12:59:58Z

Fix cite date error

New page

{{use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{use Indian English|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Kammalar
|languages=[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|religions=[[Hinduism]]
|related=[[Tamils]], [[Sri Lankan Tamils]]
|subdivisions={{unbulleted list
| Thachar
| Karthachar
| Thattar
| Kollar
| Kannar
}}
}}

The '''Kammalar (கம்மாளர்)''' is a [[Tamils|Tamil]] caste group found in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]] and in northeastern part of [[Sri Lanka]]. The Kammalars are involved in [[crafting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2017|isbn=978-1-53810-686-0|pages=107, 184}}</ref> ''Kammalar'' is a generic term that comprises the communities of Kannar (brass-workers), Kollar (blacksmiths), Tattar (goldsmiths), Tatchar (carpenters) and Kartatchar (sculptors).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7smFAAAAIAAJ&dq|title=Sri Lanka, a country study|last=Nyrop|first=Richard F.|last2=Studies|first2=American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area|last3=Army|first3=United States Dept of the|publisher=US Government, Dept. of the Army|year=1986|pages=108}}</ref>.The are of [[Shudra]] status in the [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste system]], but claim to be [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] and wear the [[sacred thread]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kramrisch|first=Stella|title=Exploring India's Sacred Art|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|origyear=1983|year= 1994|isbn=|pages=61}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The word Kammalar is derived from the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word ''Kam'' meaning "art" or "operation".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?&id=Fe0vAAAAIAAJ&dq|title=Early South Indian Paleography|last=Mahalingam|first=T. V.|date=1967|publisher=University of Madras|pages=223|language=en}}</ref> The Kammalar finds mention in ancient [[Sangam literature]], mentioning them by the name ''Kammiyar.'' <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAVuAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Studies in Indian history: with special reference to Tamil Nādu|last=Pillay|first=Kolappa Pillay Kanakasabhapathi|date=1979|publisher=Pillay|pages=340|language=en}}</ref> Their name is said to be derived from the phrase "one who gives the eyes", referring to their providing the eyes for statues of [[Deity|deities]].<ref name="Longo2000">{{cite book|author=Bernadette Longo|title=Spurious coin: a history of science, management, and technical writing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMjTOVfz_fAC&pg=PA160|access-date=24 May 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-4556-3|pages=160–}}</ref>

== Synonyms ==

=== Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka ===
In [[Tamil Nadu]], Tamil Asari is known as ''Tamil Kammalars''. They are goldsmiths and landlords.

The Pather ([[Kammalar (caste)|Kammalar]]) community in [[Nachiyar Koil]] town of [[Tamil Nadu]] are renowned for making the ornamental brass [[Nachiarkoil lamp]]s.<ref name=nachiar1>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/71543906.cms PM Narendra Modi gifts Xi Jinping Annam lamp], Times of India, 11 october 2019.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Caste system in India]]
* [[Caste system in Sri Lanka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil castes]]

{{india-ethno-stub}}