Eldargvj: quick adjusted formatting based on references also and corrected details based on references

2025-12-20T08:45:21Z

quick adjusted formatting based on references also and corrected details based on references

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:15, 20 December 2025
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			{{short description\|Tantric form of Lakshmi}}
	{{about\|the Mahavidya goddess\|Hindu goddess of wealth with the same epithet\|Lakshmi}}		{{about\|the Mahavidya goddess\|Hindu goddess of wealth with the same epithet\|Lakshmi}}
	{{use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}		{{use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox deity		{{Use Indian English\|date=April 2017}}
			{{Infobox deity
	\| type = Hindu		\| type = Hindu
	\| image = Kamala ~~devi~~.jpg		\| image = Kalighat Kamala.jpg
	\| alt = Kamala		\| alt = Kamala
	\| name = Kamala		\| name = Kamala
	\| Devanagari = कमला		\| Devanagari = कमला
	\| Sanskrit_transliteration = ~~Kamalaa~~		\| Sanskrit_transliteration = Kamalā
	\| affiliation = ~~[[Devi]],~~ [[Mahavidya]], [[~~Parvati~~]], [[~~Parvati\|ShivaShakti~~]],		\| affiliation = [[Mahavidya]], [[Shaktism]], [[Lakshmi]]
	\| god_of =		\| god_of = Bestower of Divine Bliss<ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1An08EBHCgC&dq=kamalatmika+goddess&pg=PA138 \| title=Mantra Yoga and Primal Sound: Secret of Seed (Bija) Mantras \| isbn=9780910261944 \| last1=Frawley \| first1=David \| year=2010 }}</ref>
	\| consort = [[~~Shiva~~]] ~~as Kamal~~		\| consort = [[Vishnu]]<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pb7WAAAAMAAJ&q=kamalatmika+consort \| title=Tattvālokah \| year=1995 }}</ref>
	\| ~~mantra~~ =
	\| ~~mount~~ = ~~Lotus, 4 [[elephant]]s~~
	\| member_of = The Ten [[Mahavidyas]]		\| member_of = The Ten [[Mahavidyas]]
			\| animals =
			\| symbol = Lotus
			\| caption = Kamala flanked by [[elephants]]
			\| mount = [[Elephant]]
	}}		}}
	In [[Hinduism]], '''~~Kamala~~''' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|कमला}}) or '''~~Kamalatmika~~''' ({{~~lang-~~sa\|कमलात्मिका}}) is the ''[[~~Devi~~]]~~'' in~~ the ~~fullness~~ of ~~her graceful aspect. She is believed as the tenth and last~~ [[~~Mahavidya~~]] (~~"great wisdom"~~) ~~and is a form of~~ [[~~Parvati~~]] ~~as all Mahavidyas are. Sometimes~~, she is ~~also considered~~ as the ~~Tantric form~~ of [[~~Lakshmi~~]].<ref name="Kinsley">{{cite book\|last=Kinsley\|first=David R.\|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: the Ten Mahāvidyās \|publisher=University of California Press\|location=Berkeley\|year=1997\|pages=223\|isbn=0-520-20498-0\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMW8WTrotKsC~~&pg=PA223~~&dq=Kamala+goddess&cd=~~2#v=onepage&q=Kamala%20goddess&f=false~~}}</ref>		In [[Hinduism]], '''Kamalā''' ({{langx\|sa\|कमला}}) {{Translation\|'lotus'}} or '''Kamalātmikā''', ({{langx\|sa\|कमलात्मिका}}) also known as Kamalālayā ({{Translation\|the one who dwells in lotuses}}) is considered to be the [[Tantra\|Tantric]] characterisation of the goddess of prosperity, [[Lakshmi]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Frawley \|first=David \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a1An08EBHCgC&dq=kamalatmika+goddess&pg=PA138 \|title=Mantra Yoga and Primal Sound: Secret of Seed (bija) Mantras \|date=2010 \|publisher=Lotus Press \|isbn=978-0-910261-94-4 \|language=en}}</ref> In [[Shaktism]], she is represented as the [[Devi]] in the fullness of her graceful aspect. She is believed to be the tenth and the last [[Mahavidya]].<ref name="Kinsley">{{cite book\|last=Kinsley\|first=David R.\|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: the Ten Mahāvidyās \|publisher=University of California Press\|location=Berkeley\|year=1997\|pages=223\|isbn=0-520-20498-0\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMW8WTrotKsC&dq=Kamala+goddess&pg=PA223}}</ref> She is also considered to be the last form of the goddess [[Mahadevi\|Adi Parashakti.]]

	==Iconography==		==Iconography==
	~~Kamalatmika has a golden complexion. She is being bathed by four large elephants, who pour ''[[kalasha]]''s (jars) of ''amrita'' (nectar) over her. She has four hands.~~ In ~~two hands~~, ~~she holds two lotuses and her other two hands are in ''Abhaya mudra'' (gesture of giving assurance) and V''ara mudra'' (gesture of conferring boons) respectively. She~~ is ~~shown as seated in ''padmasana'' (lotus posture) on a [[Nelumbo nucifera\|lotus]],~~<ref ~~name~~="Kinsley"/~~> symbol~~ of ~~purity~~.		In Shakti tradition, the lotus goddess is exalted thus:<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kinsley \|first=David R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkCsrfghkZ4C&q=kamalatmika+goddess+purana \|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahāvidyās \|date=1998 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1522-3 \|pages=223 \|language=en}}</ref>

	~~Later, as mentioned in [[Garuda Purana]], [[Linga Purana]] and [[Padma Purana]], she manifests as the daughter of Maharshi [[Bhrigu]] and his wife Khyati in the form of [[Lakshmi~~\|~~Goddess Lakshmi]], who later marries [[Vishnu\|Lord Vishnu]]~~. She ~~attains the title~~ of ~~Shree~~ and ~~grants all her devotees~~ the ~~blessings~~ of ~~materialistic~~ and ~~spiritual comforts~~. ~~This unifies the concepts of [[Shaivism]] (also [[Shaktism]])~~ and ~~[[Vaishnavism]]~~.		{{Blockquote\|text=She has a beautiful golden complexion. She is being bathed by four large elephants who pour jars of nectar over her. In her four hands, she holds two lotuses and makes the signs of granting boons and giving assurance. She wears a resplendent crown and a silken dress. I pay obeisance to her who is seated on a lotus in a lotus posture.'

	~~'''[[Shiva purana]]''' says,~~		Let Kamalā protect us by her wonderful side-glances that delight the heart of Višňu. She is seated on a lotus, has a smiling face, and with her four hands holds two lotuses and makes the signs of giving favours and granting assurance. Her complexion is like the brightness of lightning. Her breasts are firm and heavy and are decorated with garlands of pearls.

	~~“daśamaḥ kamalaḥ śambhurbhuktimuktiphalapradaḥ ।~~
	~~kamalā girijā tatra svabhaktaparipālinī ।। 11~~
	~~ete daśamitāḥ śaivā avatārāssukhapradāḥ ।~~
	~~bhuktimuktipradāścaiva bhaktānāṃ sarvadāssatām ।।” (Shiva Purana 3:17:11~~-~~12)~~

	~~“Tenth incarnation~~ of ~~[[Shiva\|Shambhu]]~~ is ~~known as ‘Kamal (कमल)’~~ the ~~bestower~~ of ~~joy here~~ and ~~liberation hereafter; and [[Parvati\|GirijA’s]] manifestation there~~ is ~~called ‘KamalA (कमला)’ who takes all care~~ of ~~her devotees~~. ~~These~~ are ~~the ten manifestations of [[Shiva]]~~ and ~~[[Shakti]], the giver~~ of ~~happiness, bestower of material comforts here and liberation hereafter to their devotees”~~.

	==~~See also~~==		She is resplendent like the rising sun and wears a bright moon disc on her brow. She is adorned with a crown and necklace of jewels. She is bent down due to the weight of her large breasts, and in her hands, she holds two lotuses and two bunches of rice shoots. She has three lotus-like eyes. She wears the kausțubba gem and has a smiling face.}}
	*''[[~~Devi~~]]''
	*[[Mahavidya]]		The fact that Kamala is associated with elephants has two connotations: Firstly, elephants are harbingers of clouds and rain in Hinduism, thus indicating fertility; Secondly, as a powerful creature, it represents royal authority and divinity. Her relationship with the lotus suggests that she exists in a state of refinement that transcends the material world, and yet is rooted in it.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kinsley \|first=David R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkCsrfghkZ4C&q=kamalatmika+goddess+purana \|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahāvidyās \|date=1998 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1522-3 \|pages=226 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*[[~~Lakshmi~~]]
	{{Commons category}}		== Relationship with Vishnu ==
			While [[Lakshmi]] is portrayed as a loving wife to [[Narayana]] and is often depicted as massaging his feet in her submissive role, Kamala is rendered more independent in her role, more candidly performing her duties as the goddess who ushers in bliss and prosperity. While she is still deemed as the beloved of [[Vishnu]], she is less performative of her marital and domestic obligations to him. She is also depicted to be a more fearsome goddess who is to be reckoned in her own right, some of her epithets in Tantric traditions including Bhima (terrible), Kalaratri (black night), and Tamasi (darkness), indicating that she is not reliant on him for his preservation and can fight evil with her own powers. In her Mahavidya context, she is also rarely associated with incarnations of Lakshmi such as [[Sita]], [[Radha]] or [[Rukmini]], though she is identified as two of the [[Matrikas\|Saptamatrikas]] who are also forms associated with Vishnu, [[Varahi]], and Vaishnavi.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Kinsley \|first=David R. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gkCsrfghkZ4C&q=kamalatmika+goddess+purana \|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: The Ten Mahāvidyās \|date=1998 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. \|isbn=978-81-208-1522-3 \|pages=229–230 \|language=en}}</ref> {{Commons category}}

	==Notes==		==Notes==
			{{notelist}}
			==Sources==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

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	[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]		[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
	[[Category:Mahavidyas]]		[[Category:Mahavidyas]]
	[[Category:Lakshmi]]		[[Category:Forms of Lakshmi]]

>Nath2081: Removed a name

2021-07-07T06:05:50Z

Removed a name

New page

{{about|the Mahavidya goddess|Hindu goddess of wealth with the same epithet|Lakshmi}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}{{Infobox deity
| type = Hindu
| image = Kamala devi.jpg
| alt = Kamala
| name = Kamala
| Devanagari = कमला
| Sanskrit_transliteration = Kamalaa
| affiliation = [[Devi]], [[Mahavidya]], [[Parvati]], [[Parvati|ShivaShakti]],
| god_of =
| consort = [[Shiva]] as Kamal
| mantra =
| mount = Lotus, 4 [[elephant]]s
| member_of = The Ten [[Mahavidyas]]
}}
In [[Hinduism]], '''Kamala''' ({{lang-sa|कमला}}) or '''Kamalatmika''' ({{lang-sa|कमलात्मिका}}) is the ''[[Devi]]'' in the fullness of her graceful aspect. She is believed as the tenth and last [[Mahavidya]] ("great wisdom") and is a form of [[Parvati]] as all Mahavidyas are. Sometimes, she is also considered as the Tantric form of [[Lakshmi]].<ref name="Kinsley">{{cite book|last=Kinsley|first=David R.|title=Tantric Visions of the Divine Feminine: the Ten Mahāvidyās |publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|year=1997|pages=223|isbn=0-520-20498-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMW8WTrotKsC&pg=PA223&dq=Kamala+goddess&cd=2#v=onepage&q=Kamala%20goddess&f=false}}</ref>

==Iconography==
Kamalatmika has a golden complexion. She is being bathed by four large elephants, who pour ''[[kalasha]]''s (jars) of ''amrita'' (nectar) over her. She has four hands. In two hands, she holds two lotuses and her other two hands are in ''Abhaya mudra'' (gesture of giving assurance) and V''ara mudra'' (gesture of conferring boons) respectively. She is shown as seated in ''padmasana'' (lotus posture) on a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]],<ref name="Kinsley"/> symbol of purity.

Later, as mentioned in [[Garuda Purana]], [[Linga Purana]] and [[Padma Purana]], she manifests as the daughter of Maharshi [[Bhrigu]] and his wife Khyati in the form of [[Lakshmi|Goddess Lakshmi]], who later marries [[Vishnu|Lord Vishnu]]. She attains the title of Shree and grants all her devotees the blessings of materialistic and spiritual comforts. This unifies the concepts of [[Shaivism]] (also [[Shaktism]]) and [[Vaishnavism]].

'''[[Shiva purana]]''' says,

“daśamaḥ kamalaḥ śambhurbhuktimuktiphalapradaḥ ।
kamalā girijā tatra svabhaktaparipālinī ।। 11
ete daśamitāḥ śaivā avatārāssukhapradāḥ ।
bhuktimuktipradāścaiva bhaktānāṃ sarvadāssatām ।।” (Shiva Purana 3:17:11-12)

“Tenth incarnation of [[Shiva|Shambhu]] is known as ‘Kamal (कमल)’ the bestower of joy here and liberation hereafter; and [[Parvati|GirijA’s]] manifestation there is called ‘KamalA (कमला)’ who takes all care of her devotees. These are the ten manifestations of [[Shiva]] and [[Shakti]], the giver of happiness, bestower of material comforts here and liberation hereafter to their devotees”.

==See also==
*''[[Devi]]''
*[[Mahavidya]]
*[[Lakshmi]]
{{Commons category}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
*''Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions'' ({{ISBN|81-208-0379-5}}) by David Kinsley

{{Mahavidya}}
{{Hindu Deities and Texts}}

[[Category:Hindu goddesses]]
[[Category:Mahavidyas]]
[[Category:Lakshmi]]

Kamalatmika - Revision history

Eldargvj: quick adjusted formatting based on references also and corrected details based on references

>Nath2081: Removed a name