Kamala Nehru - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:24, 29 November 2021
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	{{short description\|Indian independence activist}}		{{short description\|Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru}}
	{{Cleanup\|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing\|date=May 2020}}		{{Cleanup\|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing\|date=May 2020}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=December 2018}}
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	\| name =		\| name =
	\| image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg		\| image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg
			\| caption = Undated photograph
	\| alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru		\| alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru
	\| office =		\| office =
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	\| term_end =		\| term_end =
	\| predecessor =		\| predecessor =
	\| successor = ~~Indira Gandhi~~		\| successor =
	\| birth_name = Kamala Kaul		\| birth_name = Kamala Kaul
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1899\|08\|01\|df=y}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|1899\|08\|01\|df=y}}
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	\| spouse = {{marriage\|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]\|1916\|1936}}		\| spouse = {{marriage\|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]\|1916\|1936}}
	\| children = [[Indira Gandhi]]		\| children = [[Indira Gandhi]]
			\| parents =
			\| religion =
			\| family = [[Nehru–Gandhi family]]
			\| relatives = [[Kailas Nath Kaul]] (brother)
	}}		}}

	'''Kamala ~~Kaul~~ Nehru ''('''''{{audio\|Kamla Nehru.ogg\|pronunciation}}, 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru ~~(the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) and later~~ the first Prime Minister of [[India]]). Her daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] ~~also served India as~~ the first ~~woman~~ Prime Minister of India.		'''Kamala Nehru''' ([[Née\|''née'']] '''Kaul'''; {{audio\|Kamla Nehru.ogg\|pronunciation}}; 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], the first Prime Minister of [[India]]. Her daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] was the first female Prime Minister of India.

	== Early life and marriage ==		== Early life and marriage ==

	Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book\|last1=Jayakar\|first1=Pupul\|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography\|date=1995\|publisher=Penguin\|location=New Delhi, India\|isbn=978-0140114621\|pages=9–11\|edition=Rev.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju.~~[[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg\|thumb\|Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru on their wedding day, 8 February 1916]]~~		Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book\|last1=Jayakar\|first1=Pupul\|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography\|date=1995\|publisher=Penguin\|location=New Delhi, India\|isbn=978-0140114621\|pages=9–11\|edition=Rev.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju.
	Kamala married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at the age of 16.<ref name=Jayakar1995/> Her husband went to a trip in the [[Himalayas]] shortly after their marriage.<ref name=windsor/> In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."<ref name=windsor>{{cite news\|title=From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=81AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru&hl=en\|access-date=19 January 2013\|newspaper=The Windsor Star\|date=27 May 1964}}</ref> Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, [[Indira Gandhi\|Indira Gandhi]], who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party. Kamala gave birth to a boy in November 1924, but he lived for only a week.<ref name=windsor/>

	== ~~Indian independence movement~~ ==		[[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg\|thumb\|Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru on their wedding day, 8 February 1916]]
	Kamala was involved with ~~the Nehrus~~ in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of ~~1921~~, she organized groups of women in [[Allahabad]] and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with [[Sarojini Naidu]], Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Nehru\|first1=Jawaharlal\|title=An Autobiography\|date=26 January 1936\|publisher=Bodley Head\|location=London}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/kamala-nehru.html\|title=Kamala Nehru Biography\|publisher=Iloveindia\|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> During this period she started a dispensary in her house [[Swaraj ~~Bhawan~~]], converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]] in her memory.{{~~Citation needed~~\|~~reason~~=~~a reference is needed to qualify this paragraph~~\|~~date~~=~~June 2017~~}}
			Kamala married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at the age of 16.<ref name=Jayakar1995/> Her husband went to a trip in the [[Himalayas]] shortly after their marriage.<ref name=windsor/> In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."<ref name=windsor>{{cite news\|title=From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=81AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru&hl=en\|access-date=19 January 2013\|newspaper=The Windsor Star\|date=27 May 1964}}</ref> Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, [[Indira Gandhi\|Indira Priyadarshini]], who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party.<ref name=windsor/>

			== Harilal Gandhi Movement 1931 ==
			Kamala was involved with Harilal Gandhi in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1931, she organized groups of women in [[Allahabad]] and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with [[Sarojini Naidu]], Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Nehru\|first1=Jawaharlal\|title=An Autobiography\|date=26 January 1936\|publisher=Bodley Head\|location=London}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/kamala-nehru.html\|title=Kamala Nehru Biography\|publisher=Iloveindia\|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> During this period she started a dispensary in her house [[Swaraj Bhavan]], converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]] in her memory.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.knmhospital.org/legacy.aspx\|title=KNMH : The Legacy\|website=www.knmhospital.org}}</ref>

	Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Jayakar\|first1=Pupul\|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography\|date=1995\|publisher=Penguin\|location=New Delhi, India\|isbn=978-0140114621\|pages=90–92\|edition=Rev.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British.		Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Jayakar\|first1=Pupul\|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography\|date=1995\|publisher=Penguin\|location=New Delhi, India\|isbn=978-0140114621\|pages=90–92\|edition=Rev.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British.
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	=== In popular culture ===		=== In popular culture ===
	''Kamala Nehru'' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India\|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru\|access-date=2021-06-12\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>		''Kamala Kaul (Nehru) '' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India\|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru\|access-date=2021-06-12\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of India to :Category:Spouses of prime ministers of India per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 15#Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (etc.)

2021-08-18T04:57:58Z

Moving Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of India to Category:Spouses of prime ministers of India per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2021 July 15#Category:Spouses of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom (etc.)

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{{short description|Indian independence activist}}
{{Cleanup|reason=requires correct style and needs referencing|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Kamala Nehru 4cr.jpg
| alt = Kamala Kaul Nehru
| office =
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor =
| successor = Indira Gandhi
| birth_name = Kamala Kaul
| birth_date = {{birth date|1899|08|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1936|02|28|1899|08|01|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]|1916|1936}}
| children = [[Indira Gandhi]]
}}

'''Kamala Kaul Nehru ''('''''{{audio|Kamla Nehru.ogg|pronunciation}}, 1st August 1899 – 28 February 1936) was an Indian independence activist and the wife of Jawaharlal Nehru (the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) and later the first Prime Minister of [[India]]). Her daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] also served India as the first woman Prime Minister of India.

== Early life and marriage ==

Kamala was born on 1 August 1899 to Rajpati and Jawahar Mull Atal-Kaul who were from a [[Kashmiri Pandit]] family of [[Old Delhi]].<ref name=Jayakar1995>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=9–11|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=%22kamala+marriage&pg=PR9}}</ref> She was the eldest child and had two brothers, Chand Bahadur Kaul and the botanist, [[Kailas Nath Kaul]], and a sister, Swaroop Kathju.[[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg|thumb|Jawaharlal and Kamala Nehru on their wedding day, 8 February 1916]]
Kamala married [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] at the age of 16.<ref name=Jayakar1995/> Her husband went to a trip in the [[Himalayas]] shortly after their marriage.<ref name=windsor/> In his autobiography, Jawaharlal Nehru, referring to his wife, stated "I almost overlooked her."<ref name=windsor>{{cite news|title=From years 1916 to 1964...The man and the times|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&sjid=81AMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru&hl=en|access-date=19 January 2013|newspaper=The Windsor Star|date=27 May 1964}}</ref> Kamala gave birth to a girl child in November 1917, [[Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]], who later succeeded her father as prime minister and head of the Congress party. Kamala gave birth to a boy in November 1924, but he lived for only a week.<ref name=windsor/>

== Indian independence movement ==
Kamala was involved with the Nehrus in the national movement, that she emerged into the forefront. In the Non Cooperation movement of 1921, she organized groups of women in [[Allahabad]] and picketed shops selling foreign cloth and liquor. When her husband was arrested to prevent him delivering a "seditious" public speech, she went in his place to read it out. The British soon realized the threat that Kamala Nehru posed to them and how popular she had become with women's groups all over India. She was thus arrested on two occasions for involvement in Independence struggle activities, along with [[Sarojini Naidu]], Nehru's mother and other women of the Indian freedom struggle.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date=26 January 1936|publisher=Bodley Head|location=London}}</ref><ref name="iloveindia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/kamala-nehru.html|title=Kamala Nehru Biography|publisher=Iloveindia|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> During this period she started a dispensary in her house [[Swaraj Bhawan]], converting few rooms into a Congress Dispensary to treat wounded activists, their families, and other residents of Allahabad(now Prayagraj). After her death, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] with the help of other prominent leaders converted this dispensary into a proper hospital known as [[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]] in her memory.{{Citation needed|reason=a reference is needed to qualify this paragraph|date=June 2017}}

Kamala Nehru spent some time at Gandhi's ashram with [[Kasturba Gandhi]] where she built a close friendship with [[Prabhavati Devi]] – the wife of freedom fighter [[Jayaprakash Narayan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jayakar|first1=Pupul|title=Indira Gandhi, a biography|date=1995|publisher=Penguin|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-0140114621|pages=90–92|edition=Rev.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gm5JGkb2rhkC&q=padmaja&pg=PR9}}</ref> They were also freedom fighters for Indian freedom from the British.

==Death==
Kamala died from [[tuberculosis]] in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]] on 28 February 1936, with her daughter and mother-in-law by her side. During her last few years, Kamala was frequently ill and taken to a [[sanatorium]] in Switzerland for treatment, though she returned to India as she got well. In early 1935, as Kamala's health again deteriorated, she was taken to [[Badenweiler]] (Southern Germany) by [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhash Chandra Bose]] and admitted to a sanatorium for treatment. Her husband (Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru) was in prison in India at that time. As her health worsened, Nehru was released from prison and rushed to Germany in October 1935. While Kamala's health improved initially, it started to deteriorate again in 1936, and she died in February. In the prologue to his autobiography, in a chapter added after Kamala's death, Nehru recounts that he was devastated and remained mourning for a few months.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nehru|first1=Jawaharlal|title=An Autobiography|date= 1940|publisher=Bodell Head|location=London|edition=2nd}}</ref>

==Legacy==
[[File:Kamala Nehru 1974 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Kamala Nehru on a 1974 stamp of India]]
A number of institutions in India, such as [http://knmhospital.org/ Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital & Regional Cancer Centre], [[Kamla Nehru Prani Sangrahalay]] ([[Indore]]), [[Kamala Nehru College]], [[University of Delhi]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130516122849/http://knec.webs.com/ Kamala Nehru Degree Evening College (Bangalore)],
[[Kamla Nehru College for Women, Jodhpur]], Kamala Nehru Park (Pune), [[Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology]] (Sultanpur), [[Kamla Nehru College, Korba]], Kamala Nehru Women's College (Bhubaneswar), Kamala Nehru Polytechnic (Hyderabad), [[Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management|Shri Ramdeobaba Kamala Nehru Engineering College (Nagpur)]], Kamala Nehru Memorial Vocational Higher Secondary School Vatanappally (Kerala), andShaskiya Kamla Nehru Girls Higher Secondary School (Bhopal) are named after her.

In Pakistan, [[Karachi]] has a road named after Kamla Nehru.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/blog/finding-kamala-nehru-in-pakistan-jinnah-in-guntur-764557|title=Blog: Finding Kamala Nehru in Pakistan, Jinnah in Guntur|work=NDTV.com|date=20 May 2015}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===
''Kamala Nehru'' is a 1986 Indian [[documentary film]] directed by Ashish Mukherjee. Produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]] it provides an overview of her life and contributions.<ref>{{Cite web|title=KAMALA NEHRU {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/kamala-nehru|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of political families]]
*[[Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital]]

==References==
{{commons category|Kamala Nehru}}
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nehru, Kamala}}
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Spouses of prime ministers of India]]
[[Category:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:People from Allahabad]]
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in Switzerland]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]