Kalpana (1948 film) - Revision history

RobbyAyres: quick update

2026-03-03T23:11:48Z

quick update

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:41, 4 March 2026
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	'''''Kalpana''''' ({{translation\|Imagination}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[dance film]] written and directed by dancer [[Uday Shankar]]. It is his only film. The story revolves around a young dancer's dream of setting up a dance academy, a reflection of Shankar's own academy, which he founded at [[Almora]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018080904/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/253986?view=synopsis Synopsis], [[British Film Institute]].</ref> It starred Uday Shankar and his wife Amala Shankar as leads and 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)\|Padmini]], making her screen debut.<ref>{{cite news \|title= Beauty, charm, charisma \|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=28 February 2008 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?\|author= Subhash K Jha\|author-link= Subhash K Jha\|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 October 2004 \|date=24 September 2004 \|publisher=[[Sify.com]] Movies}}</ref> It also marks [[Usha Kiran]]'s debut film too.		[[File:Kalpana (1948) by Uday Shankar.webm \| thumb\|''Kalpana'' (1948) by Uday Shankar]]
			'''''Kalpana''''' ({{translation\|Imagination}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[dance film]] written and directed by dancer [[Uday Shankar]]. It is his only film. The story revolves around a young dancer's dream of setting up a dance academy, a reflection of Shankar's own academy, which he founded at [[Almora]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018080904/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/253986?view=synopsis Synopsis], [[British Film Institute]].</ref> It starred Uday Shankar and his wife Amala Shankar as leads.

	''Kalpana'' was the first film to present an Indian classical dancer in the leading role, and was entirely shot as a dance ballet and a fantasy.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Films featuring dance\|url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10158\|work=[[Screen (magazine)\|Screen]] \|date=8 April 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=East/west musicals: Play That Back \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231671 \|date=26 June 2006\|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook]] }}</ref>		''Kalpana'' was the first film to present an Indian classical dancer in the leading role, and was entirely shot as a dance ballet and a fantasy.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Films featuring dance\|url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10158\|work=[[Screen (magazine)\|Screen]] \|date=8 April 2005}}{{dead link\|date=November 2024\|bot=medic}}{{cbignore\|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=East/west musicals: Play That Back \|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231671 \|date=26 June 2006\|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)\|Outlook]] }}</ref>

	It was shown at the [[International Film Festival of India]] ([[IFFI]]-Goa) (2008), as a part of the section "Treasures from NFAI" ([[National Film Archive of India]]), with other "rare gems" from the archives.<ref>{{cite web \|title=NFAI brings its treasures to IFFI-Goa \|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45038 \|date=25 November 2008 \|publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)\|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] PIB }}</ref>		It was shown at the [[International Film Festival of India]] ([[IFFI]]-Goa) (2008), as a part of the section "Treasures from NFAI" ([[National Film Archive of India]]), with other "rare gems" from the archives.<ref>{{cite web \|title=NFAI brings its treasures to IFFI-Goa \|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45038 \|date=25 November 2008 \|publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)\|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] PIB }}</ref>
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	* Chiranjilal Shah as Gope		* Chiranjilal Shah as Gope
	* [[Devi Lal Samar\|Devilal Samar]] as Sundar		* [[Devi Lal Samar\|Devilal Samar]] as Sundar
	{{col-break\|width=50%}}		* K. Mukerjee as Grandfather {{col-break\|width=50%}}
	* K. Mukerjee as Grandfather
	* Dulal Sen as Mama		* Dulal Sen as Mama
	* G. V. Karandikar as Producer		* G. V. Karandikar as Producer
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	* Begam Zamarudh as Young Uma		* Begam Zamarudh as Young Uma
	* Yousuf Ali as Young Noor		* Yousuf Ali as Young Noor
			* [[Usha Kiran]] as Usha
	{{col-end}}		{{col-end}}

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	\|"Kya Kahoon"		\|"Kya Kahoon"
	\|		\|
	\|Devilal Samar		\|Devilal Samar
	\|02:15		\|02:15
	\|-		\|-
	\|"Bhil Folk Song"		\|"Bhil Folk Song"
	\|		\|
	\|Devilal Samar, [[Sumitranandan Pant]]		\|Devilal Samar, [[Sumitranandan Pant]]
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}

	==~~Production~~==		== Notable dancers ==

			* [[Uday Shankar]]
			* [[Amala Shankar]]
			* Lakshmi Kanta
			* [[Padmini (actress)\|Padmini]]
			* [[Lalitha (actress)\|Lalitha]]
			* Ragini
			* Amobi Singh
			* Yoga

			==Comments==
	[[File:Kalpana, 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.gif\|thumbnail\|right\|A still featuring Uday and Amala Shankar]]		[[File:Kalpana, 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.gif\|thumbnail\|right\|A still featuring Uday and Amala Shankar]]
	Well known Tamil actress and dancer, Lakshmikantham, credited in the film as "Lakshmi Kanta" plays Kamini. 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)\|Padmini]] and along with her sister [[Lalitha (actress)\|Lalitha]]~~, makes their debut into Hindi films~~.<ref>{{cite news \|title= Beauty, charm, charisma \|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=28 February 2008 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?\|author= Subhash K Jha\|author-link= Subhash K Jha\|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 October 2004 \|date=24 September 2004 \|~~publisher~~=[[Sify~~.com~~]] ~~Movies~~}}</ref> Tamil dancer and actress Yoga of the Yoga-Mangalam sisters makes an appearance as a dancer credited as "Yogam". Small role actress P. K. Saraswathi credited as "Saraswathi" also appears as a dancer. Gopal Rao, who played a small role in [[Thyaga Bhoomi]] (1939 film), also plays a small role. Finally, [[Usha Kiran]] made her debut into films in this movie, credited as "Usha".		Well known Tamil actress and dancer, Lakshmikantham, credited in the film as "Lakshmi Kanta" plays Kamini. 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)\|Padmini]] and along with her sister [[Lalitha (actress)\|Lalitha]].<ref>{{cite news \|title= Beauty, charm, charisma \|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=28 February 2008 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?\|author= Subhash K Jha\|author-link= Subhash K Jha\|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=12 October 2004 \|date=24 September 2004 \|website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Tamil dancer and actress Yoga of the Yoga-Mangalam sisters makes an appearance as a dancer credited as "Yogam". Small role actress P. K. Saraswathi credited as "Saraswathi" also appears as a dancer. Gopal Rao, who played a small role in [[Thyaga Bhoomi]] (1939 film), also plays a small role. Finally, [[Usha Kiran]] made her debut into films in this movie, credited as "Usha".

			[[Satyajit Ray]] was said to have watched this film 16 times.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Heredia \|first=Shai \|title=Kalpana: Dreaming the Impossible Dream \|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7941-kalpana-dreaming-the-impossible-dream \|access-date=2023-03-20 \|website=The Criterion Collection \|language=en}}</ref>

	==Restoration==		==Restoration==
	In 2009, the film process of [[Digital restoration services\|digital restoration]] was taken up by [[NFAI]] in collaboration with France-based Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite news \|title=French embassy donates 230 films to NFAI\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051540/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=11 August 2011 \|work=[[The Times of India]]\|date=3 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010, it was being restored by the [[World Cinema Foundation]] (director [[Martin Scorsese]] is a founding member).<ref>{{cite web \|title=Uday Shankar dance ballet, Kalpana to be on celluloid \|url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms \|publisher=[[Indiatimes]] Movies \|date=3 Feb 2010 \|access-date=20 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714185056/http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms \|archive-date=14 July 2012 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Martin Scorsese to reviving Kalpana\|author= Subhash K Jha\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=11 August 2011 \|work=[[The Times of India]] \|date=4 Feb 2010}}</ref>		In 2009, the film process of [[Digital restoration services\|digital restoration]] was taken up by [[NFAI]] in collaboration with France-based Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite news \|title=French embassy donates 230 films to NFAI\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051540/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=11 August 2011 \|work=[[The Times of India]]\|date=3 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010, it was being restored by the [[World Cinema Foundation]] (director [[Martin Scorsese]] is a founding member).<ref>{{cite web \|title=Uday Shankar dance ballet, Kalpana to be on celluloid \|url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms \|publisher=[[Indiatimes]] Movies \|date=3 Feb 2010 \|access-date=20 March 2010 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714185056/http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms \|archive-date=14 July 2012 \|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Martin Scorsese to reviving Kalpana\|author= Subhash K Jha\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=11 August 2011 \|work=[[The Times of India]] \|date=4 Feb 2010}}</ref> The restored film was released in home video format by the [[The Criterion Collection\|Criterion Collection]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Martin Scorsese's World Cinema Project No. 4 \|url=https://www.criterion.com/boxsets/6183-martin-scorseses-world-cinema-project-no-4 \|access-date=2023-03-20 \|website=The Criterion Collection \|language=en}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:1948 films]]		[[Category:1948 films]]
	[[Category:~~Indian~~ films]]		[[Category:1948 Hindi-language films]]
	[[Category:~~1940s Hindi-language~~ films]]		[[Category:1948 Indian films]]
	[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]		[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
	[[Category:Indian dance films]]		[[Category:Indian dance films]]
	~~[[Category:1940s fantasy films]]~~
	[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]		[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
	[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]		[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
	[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]		[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]
			[[Category:Hindi-language fantasy films]]
			[[Category:1948 fantasy films]]

>Aspects: Removed non-existent infobox fields

2021-05-06T04:08:53Z

Removed non-existent infobox fields

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kalpana
| image = Kalpana 1948.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Uday Shankar]]
| producer =
| writer =
| screenplay = Amritlal Nagar
| story = [[Uday Shankar]]
| narrator =
| starring = [[Uday Shankar]]<br />[[Amala Shankar]]<br />Lakshmi Kanta
| music = Vishnudas Shirali
| cinematography = K. Ramnoth
| editing = N. K. Gopal
| studio = [[Gemini Studios]], Madras
| distributor = Uday Shankar Production
| released = {{Film date|1948|01|01|df=y}}
| runtime = 160 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Kalpana''''' ({{translation|Imagination}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[dance film]] written and directed by dancer [[Uday Shankar]]. It is his only film. The story revolves around a young dancer's dream of setting up a dance academy, a reflection of Shankar's own academy, which he founded at [[Almora]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121018080904/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/253986?view=synopsis Synopsis], [[British Film Institute]].</ref> It starred Uday Shankar and his wife Amala Shankar as leads and 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]], making her screen debut.<ref>{{cite news |title= Beauty, charm, charisma |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?|author= Subhash K Jha|author-link= Subhash K Jha|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2004 |date=24 September 2004 |publisher=[[Sify.com]] Movies}}</ref> It also marks [[Usha Kiran]]'s debut film too.

''Kalpana'' was the first film to present an Indian classical dancer in the leading role, and was entirely shot as a dance ballet and a fantasy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Films featuring dance|url= http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=10158|work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |date=8 April 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East/west musicals: Play That Back |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?231671 |date=26 June 2006|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] }}</ref>

It was shown at the [[International Film Festival of India]] ([[IFFI]]-Goa) (2008), as a part of the section "Treasures from NFAI" ([[National Film Archive of India]]), with other "rare gems" from the archives.<ref>{{cite web |title=NFAI brings its treasures to IFFI-Goa |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=45038 |date=25 November 2008 |publisher=[[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]] PIB }}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* [[Uday Shankar]] as Udayan & Writer
* [[Amala Shankar|Amala Uday Shankar]] as Uma
* Lakshmi Kanta as Kamini
* Dr. G. V. Subbarao as Drawing Master
* Birendra Banerji as Noor
* Swaraj Mitter Gupta as Ramesh
* Anil Kumar Chopra as Madan & School Teacher
* Brijo Behari Banerji as Uma's Father
* Chiranjilal Shah as Gope
* [[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]] as Sundar
{{col-break|width=50%}}
* K. Mukerjee as Grandfather
* Dulal Sen as Mama
* G. V. Karandikar as Producer
* Nagen Dey as Mill Owner
* Ganesh Banerji as Theater Manager
* Syd Jalaluddin as Mukhiya
* Farman Ali as Young Udayan
* Begam Zamarudh as Young Uma
* Yousuf Ali as Young Noor
{{col-end}}

==Songs==
The music was composed by Vishnudas Shirali, and the lyrics were penned by Sumitranandan Pant. The Bhil folk songs were written by [[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindigeetmala.net/movie/kalpana_1948.htm|title=Kalpana : Lyrics and video of Songs from the Movie Kalpana (1948 film)|website=HindiGeetMala|language=en|access-date=6 August 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!'''Song Title'''
!'''Singer(s)'''
!'''Lyricist'''
!'''Length'''
|-
|"Bharat Jai Jan Bharat"
|Everyone
|Devilal Samar
|03:48
|-
|"Behti Ja Behti Ja Sarite"
|
|[[Devi Lal Samar|Devilal Samar]]
|03:21
|-
|"Kya Kahoon"
|
|Devilal Samar
|02:15
|-
|"Bhil Folk Song"
|
|Devilal Samar, [[Sumitranandan Pant]]
|
|-
|"Deep Jalao"
|
|Devilal Samar
|03:19
|-
|"Hindustan Ka Bal Hai Hal"
|
|Devilal Samar
|02:55
|-
|"Sadiyo Ki Behoshi"
|
|Devilal Samar
|02:57
|-
|}

==Production==
[[File:Kalpana, 1948 film showing Uday Shankar and Amala Shankar.gif|thumbnail|right|A still featuring Uday and Amala Shankar]]
Well known Tamil actress and dancer, Lakshmikantham, credited in the film as "Lakshmi Kanta" plays Kamini. 16-year-old actress [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]] and along with her sister [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]], makes their debut into Hindi films.<ref>{{cite news |title= Beauty, charm, charisma |url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080232/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2006/09/29/stories/2006092900720100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What happened to the classical heritage in our films?|author= Subhash K Jha|author-link= Subhash K Jha|url=http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041012124215/http://sify.com/movies/bollywood/fullstory.php?id=13574584 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2004 |date=24 September 2004 |publisher=[[Sify.com]] Movies}}</ref> Tamil dancer and actress Yoga of the Yoga-Mangalam sisters makes an appearance as a dancer credited as "Yogam". Small role actress P. K. Saraswathi credited as "Saraswathi" also appears as a dancer. Gopal Rao, who played a small role in [[Thyaga Bhoomi]] (1939 film), also plays a small role. Finally, [[Usha Kiran]] made her debut into films in this movie, credited as "Usha".

==Restoration==
In 2009, the film process of [[Digital restoration services|digital restoration]] was taken up by [[NFAI]] in collaboration with France-based Thomson Foundation.<ref>{{cite news |title=French embassy donates 230 films to NFAI|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051540/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-03/pune/28157598_1_nfai-philippe-martinet-french-embassy |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010, it was being restored by the [[World Cinema Foundation]] (director [[Martin Scorsese]] is a founding member).<ref>{{cite web |title=Uday Shankar dance ballet, Kalpana to be on celluloid |url=http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms |publisher=[[Indiatimes]] Movies |date=3 Feb 2010 |access-date=20 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714185056/http://movies.indiatimes.com/News-Gossip/News/Uday-Shankar-dance-ballet-Kalpana-to-be-on-celluloid/articleshow/5531590.cms |archive-date=14 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Martin Scorsese to reviving Kalpana|author= Subhash K Jha|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051522/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-04/news-interviews/28145270_1_martin-scorsese-world-cinema-foundation-classics |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 Feb 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0311384}}
{{Gemini Studios}}

[[Category:1948 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1940s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian dance films]]
[[Category:1940s fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Gemini Studios films]]