Kalanemi - Revision history

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	{{about\|the demon related to past births of [[Kamsa]]\|the demon mentioned in [[Ramayana]]\|Kalanemi (Ramayana)}}[[File: The Dismembering of the Demon Kalanemi (6124589511).jpg\|thumb\|A {{ca.}} 1740 painting of the dismembering of the demon Kalanemi by [[Vishnu]] mounted on his [[Garuda]] vahana]]'''Kalanemi''' is a demon in [[Hindu ~~mythology]]~~. He was the son of [[Hiranyaksha]] and brother of [[Andhaka]]. In this birth as Hiranyaksha's son, he was slain by Lord Vishnu while his brother was killed by [[Lord Shiva]]. In one of his rebirths as per his karmic deeds, he was born as [[Kamsa\|Kansa]], son of [[Ugrasena]] the king of [[Mathura]]. His sister was [[Devaki]] and her son [[Krishna]] was an avatar of Vishnu.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|p=185}}{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=441}} Krishna eventually killed Kansa in this birth.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}In the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' Kalanemi was [[Maricha]]'s son and minister of [[Ravana]] and was assigned to kill [[Hanuman]]. [[Jalandhara\|Jalandhara's]] wife, [[Vrinda (goddess)\|Vrinda]], was Kalanemi's daughter.		{{about\|the demon related to past births of [[Kamsa]]\|the demon mentioned in [[Ramayana]]\|Kalanemi (Ramayana)}}[[File: The Dismembering of the Demon Kalanemi (6124589511).jpg\|thumb\|A {{ca.}} 1740 painting of the dismembering of the demon Kalanemi by [[Vishnu]] mounted on his [[Garuda]] vahana]]'''Kalanemi''' is a demon in Hindu purana. He was the son of [[Hiranyaksha]] and brother of [[Andhaka]]. In this birth as Hiranyaksha's son, he was slain by Lord Vishnu while his brother was killed by [[Lord Shiva]]. In one of his rebirths as per his karmic deeds, he was born as [[Kamsa\|Kansa]], son of [[Ugrasena]] the king of [[Mathura]]. His sister was [[Devaki]] and her son [[Krishna]] was an avatar of Vishnu.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|p=185}}{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=441}} Krishna eventually killed Kansa in this birth.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}In the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' Kalanemi was [[Maricha]]'s son and minister of [[Ravana]] and was assigned to kill [[Hanuman]]. [[Jalandhara\|Jalandhara's]] wife, [[Vrinda (goddess)\|Vrinda]], was Kalanemi's daughter.

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==
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	The six brothers made fun of [[Brahma]]. This infuriated Brahma who cursed the brothers to be born as asuras, and thus they were reborn as the six sons of Kalanemi. The rebirth cycle continued over the eons and Kalanemi was then born as Kamsa. Kalanemi's six sons had to have two earlier rebirths before they were born as Kamsa's nephews. [[Narada]] had informed Kamsa that his birth was the result of a rape of his mother by a [[gandharva]], called Dramila, and that was the reason that Kamasa's mother disliked her son and had cursed that he would be killed by a member of his own family. When his sister Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a divine voice told him that their eighth son would kill him. Kamsa wanted to kill his sister then only before she could bear any children. But her husband prevailed on Kamsa with the promise that he would surrender to him all sons born to them.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}		The six brothers made fun of [[Brahma]]. This infuriated Brahma who cursed the brothers to be born as asuras, and thus they were reborn as the six sons of Kalanemi. The rebirth cycle continued over the eons and Kalanemi was then born as Kamsa. Kalanemi's six sons had to have two earlier rebirths before they were born as Kamsa's nephews. [[Narada]] had informed Kamsa that his birth was the result of a rape of his mother by a [[gandharva]], called Dramila, and that was the reason that Kamasa's mother disliked her son and had cursed that he would be killed by a member of his own family. When his sister Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a divine voice told him that their eighth son would kill him. Kamsa wanted to kill his sister then only before she could bear any children. But her husband prevailed on Kamsa with the promise that he would surrender to him all sons born to them.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}

	Devaki and her husband lived in confinement and as soon as a child was born to them, Kamsa would kill the child. After killing the first six sons of Devaki, he thought that their seventh child died before he took birth but actually [[Vindhyavasini\|Devi Mahamaya]] put the seventh child in the garbha of the first wife of Vasudeva, Rohini who was staying in Gokul. When [[Krishna]] was born as the eighth son then a divine voice told ~~Yasudev~~ to put his son in Gokul at the house of Nanda and Yashodha and take their daughter who was born at that night, with him. Everyone thought that the eight children is a girl but Kamsa did not spare her. Trying to kill the girl child, she flew away, being an incarnation of [[Adi Parashakti\|Mayadevi]], and before disappearing announced that Kamsa's death would happen soon. Kamsa's efforts to kill the child failed, and finally, Krishna killed him during an ambush.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}} As Kamsa was killed by Krishna, ~~a divine person~~, he attained [[moksha]] due to his constant thoughts on Krishna. {{Sfn\|Hudson\|2008\|p=325}}		Devaki and her husband lived in confinement and as soon as a child was born to them, Kamsa would kill the child. After killing the first six sons of Devaki, he thought that their seventh child died before he took birth but actually [[Vindhyavasini\|Devi Mahamaya]] put the seventh child in the garbha of the first wife of Vasudeva, Rohini who was staying in Gokul. When [[Krishna]] was born as the eighth son then a divine voice told Vasudev to put his son in Gokul at the house of Nanda and Yashodha and take their daughter who was born at that night, with him. Everyone thought that the eight children is a girl but Kamsa did not spare her. Trying to kill the girl child, she flew away, being an incarnation of [[Adi Parashakti\|Mayadevi]], and before disappearing announced that Kamsa's death would happen soon. Kamsa's efforts to kill the child failed, and finally, Krishna killed him during an ambush.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}} As Kamsa was killed by Krishna, the Supreme God, he attained [[moksha]] due to his constant thoughts on Krishna. {{Sfn\|Hudson\|2008\|p=325}}

	== In ''Skanda Purana'' ==		== In ''Skanda Purana'' ==
	According to the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', after the [[Samudra manthan\|churning of the ocean of milk]] when the [[Ambrosia\|divine nectar of immortality]] was denied to the [[daitya]]s and [[danavas]] by [[Vishnu]] taking the form of [[Mohini]], a battle ensued between the Devtas who had received the nectar and the asuras who hadn't. The Devtas were led by [[Indra]], the king of Gods, and the asuras were led by sons of Virochana, initially by Bali, the chief of asuras, and later by Kalanemi. After Indra had slain Bali with a thunderbolt, his deputy [[Vrishparva]] who attacked Indra was also killed. Then Kalanemi, riding a lion as his mount, fiercely attacked Indra and his followers which unnerved the suras. They were then advised by [[Narada]] to seek the help of Vishnu as he only could kill Kalanemi who had immense powers acquired by meditation. On the request made by the Devtas, Vishnu riding his mount [[Garuda]], attacked ~~Kalnemi~~ and felled him unconscious. Regaining consciousness Kalanemi realized that he was confronting Vishnu, accepted his defeat and requested Vishnu to grant him "beatitude" as he was defeated by a divine being.{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=362}} After Kalanemi was killed, Indra continued slaying Kalanemi's soldiers but Narada advised him to stop and let them go because it is a sin to kill Brahmins.{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=362}}		According to the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', after the [[Samudra manthan\|churning of the ocean of milk]] when the [[Ambrosia\|divine nectar of immortality]] was denied to the [[daitya]]s and [[danavas]] by [[Vishnu]] taking the form of [[Mohini]], a battle ensued between the Devtas who had received the nectar and the asuras who hadn't. The Devtas were led by [[Indra]], the king of Gods, and the asuras were led by sons of Virochana, initially by Bali, the chief of asuras, and later by Kalanemi. After Indra had slain Bali with a thunderbolt, his deputy [[Vrishparva]] who attacked Indra was also killed. Then Kalanemi, riding a lion as his mount, fiercely attacked Indra and his followers which unnerved the suras. They were then advised by [[Narada]] to seek the help of Vishnu as he only could kill Kalanemi who had immense powers acquired by meditation. On the request made by the Devtas, Vishnu riding his mount [[Garuda]], attacked Kalanemi and felled him unconscious. Regaining consciousness Kalanemi realized that he was confronting Vishnu, accepted his defeat and requested Vishnu to grant him "beatitude" as he was defeated by a divine being.{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=362}} Thus, Shree Maha Vishnu got to be known as [[Vishnu Sahasranāma\|kaalanemi-nihaa]].After Kalanemi was killed, Indra continued slaying Kalanemi's soldiers but Narada advised him to stop and let them go because it is a sin to kill Brahmins.{{Sfn\|Kennedy\|1831\|p=362}}

	== References ==		== References ==

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2021-08-03T19:35:50Z

Reverted 1 edit by 5.30.21.218 (talk) to last revision by 120.56.255.111

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 4 August 2021
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	==Previous birth of Kansa==		==Previous birth of Kansa==
	~~[[File:Marichi,_a_Rishi_and_son_of_Brahma..jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Marichi]], [[manasputra\|mind born son]] of [[Brahma]]]]~~
	[[File:KRISHNA_KILLS_KANSA.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Krishna]] killing [[Kamsa]]]]		[[File:KRISHNA_KILLS_KANSA.jpg\|right\|thumb\|[[Krishna]] killing [[Kamsa]]]]

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	In another birth, the six brothers were sons of Kalanemi, and being pious they received a boon from Brahma that no one would kill them. But Hiranyakashipu cursed them to sleep in [[patala]] (the netherworld). After much pleading, the curse was moderated and they were to be reborn as the first six sons of Devaki. In that birth, Kalanemi would be reborn as [[Kamsa]], son of [[Ugrasena]], and would be their uncle who would eventually kill them all.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}		In another birth, the six brothers were sons of Kalanemi, and being pious they received a boon from Brahma that no one would kill them. But Hiranyakashipu cursed them to sleep in [[patala]] (the netherworld). After much pleading, the curse was moderated and they were to be reborn as the first six sons of Devaki. In that birth, Kalanemi would be reborn as [[Kamsa]], son of [[Ugrasena]], and would be their uncle who would eventually kill them all.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}

	The six brothers made fun of [[Brahma]] ~~as he had married [[Saraswati]], his own daughter~~. This infuriated Brahma who cursed the brothers to be born as asuras, and thus they were reborn as the six sons of Kalanemi. The rebirth cycle continued over the eons and Kalanemi was then born as Kamsa. Kalanemi's six sons had to have two earlier rebirths before they were born as Kamsa's nephews. [[Narada]] had informed Kamsa that his birth was the result of a rape of his mother by a [[gandharva]], called Dramila, and that was the reason that Kamasa's mother disliked her son and had cursed that he would be killed by a member of his own family. When his sister Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a divine voice told him that their eighth son would kill him. Kamsa wanted to kill his sister then only before she could bear any children. But her husband prevailed on Kamsa with the promise that he would surrender to him all sons born to them.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}		The six brothers made fun of [[Brahma]]. This infuriated Brahma who cursed the brothers to be born as asuras, and thus they were reborn as the six sons of Kalanemi. The rebirth cycle continued over the eons and Kalanemi was then born as Kamsa. Kalanemi's six sons had to have two earlier rebirths before they were born as Kamsa's nephews. [[Narada]] had informed Kamsa that his birth was the result of a rape of his mother by a [[gandharva]], called Dramila, and that was the reason that Kamasa's mother disliked her son and had cursed that he would be killed by a member of his own family. When his sister Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a divine voice told him that their eighth son would kill him. Kamsa wanted to kill his sister then only before she could bear any children. But her husband prevailed on Kamsa with the promise that he would surrender to him all sons born to them.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}}

	Devaki and her husband lived in confinement and as soon as a child was born to them, Kamsa would kill the child. After killing the first six sons of Devaki, he thought that their seventh child died before he took birth but actually [[Vindhyavasini\|Devi Mahamaya]] put the seventh child in the garbha of the first wife of Vasudeva, Rohini who was staying in Gokul. When [[Krishna]] was born as the eighth son then a divine voice told Yasudev to put his son in Gokul at the house of Nanda and Yashodha and take their daughter who was born at that night, with him. Everyone thought that the eight children is a girl but Kamsa did not spare her. Trying to kill the girl child, she flew away, being an incarnation of [[Adi Parashakti\|Mayadevi]], and before disappearing announced that Kamsa's death would happen soon. Kamsa's efforts to kill the child failed, and finally, Krishna killed him during an ambush.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}} As Kamsa was killed by Krishna, a divine person, he attained [[moksha]] due to his constant thoughts on Krishna. {{Sfn\|Hudson\|2008\|p=325}}		Devaki and her husband lived in confinement and as soon as a child was born to them, Kamsa would kill the child. After killing the first six sons of Devaki, he thought that their seventh child died before he took birth but actually [[Vindhyavasini\|Devi Mahamaya]] put the seventh child in the garbha of the first wife of Vasudeva, Rohini who was staying in Gokul. When [[Krishna]] was born as the eighth son then a divine voice told Yasudev to put his son in Gokul at the house of Nanda and Yashodha and take their daughter who was born at that night, with him. Everyone thought that the eight children is a girl but Kamsa did not spare her. Trying to kill the girl child, she flew away, being an incarnation of [[Adi Parashakti\|Mayadevi]], and before disappearing announced that Kamsa's death would happen soon. Kamsa's efforts to kill the child failed, and finally, Krishna killed him during an ambush.{{Sfn\|Williams\|2008\|pp=172, 178}} As Kamsa was killed by Krishna, a divine person, he attained [[moksha]] due to his constant thoughts on Krishna. {{Sfn\|Hudson\|2008\|p=325}}

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{{about|the demon related to past births of [[Kamsa]]|the demon mentioned in [[Ramayana]]|Kalanemi (Ramayana)}}[[File: The Dismembering of the Demon Kalanemi (6124589511).jpg|thumb|A {{ca.}} 1740 painting of the dismembering of the demon Kalanemi by [[Vishnu]] mounted on his [[Garuda]] vahana]]'''Kalanemi''' is a demon in [[Hindu mythology]]. He was the son of [[Hiranyaksha]] and brother of [[Andhaka]]. In this birth as Hiranyaksha's son, he was slain by Lord Vishnu while his brother was killed by [[Lord Shiva]]. In one of his rebirths as per his karmic deeds, he was born as [[Kamsa|Kansa]], son of [[Ugrasena]] the king of [[Mathura]]. His sister was [[Devaki]] and her son [[Krishna]] was an avatar of Vishnu.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|p=185}}{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=441}} Krishna eventually killed Kansa in this birth.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|pp=172, 178}}In the epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' Kalanemi was [[Maricha]]'s son and minister of [[Ravana]] and was assigned to kill [[Hanuman]]. [[Jalandhara|Jalandhara's]] wife, [[Vrinda (goddess)|Vrinda]], was Kalanemi's daughter.

==Etymology==
Kalanemi is a compound word made up of 'Kala' which means "time", and 'nemi' which means "the felly of a wheel or a portion". It represents the time segment of the wheel of time that denotes "the afternoon leading to sunset". 'Kala' also means "black", perceived to be the [[asura]] Kalanemi who represents the period of darkness that "increases as the day move toward night and as the ''[[Dvapara Yuga]]'' moves towards ''[[Kali Yuga]]''."{{Sfn|Hudson|2008|p=282}}

==Previous birth of Kansa==
[[File:Marichi,_a_Rishi_and_son_of_Brahma..jpg|right|thumb|[[Marichi]], [[manasputra|mind born son]] of [[Brahma]]]]
[[File:KRISHNA_KILLS_KANSA.jpg|right|thumb|[[Krishna]] killing [[Kamsa]]]]

According to [[Hinduism]]'s [[Karma]] principle for the cumulative actions of bad and good deeds resulting in "[[Punya (Hinduism)|blessings]] or punishments". His elder brother was [[Andhaka]]. Kalannemi had a daughter, [[Tulsi in Hinduism|Vrinda]] who was married to [[Jalandhara]]. Kalanemi had six sons who in their previous birth had been the sons of [[Marichi]], a ''[[manasputra]]'' (mind son) of [[Brahma]], considered a [[demigod]] being associated with [[Indra]] and believed to be one of the [[maruts]] with "powers of storm and battle". Marichi was also considered to be a [[prajapati]] ("progenitor or grandfather") or even as one of the seven [[saptarishi]]s who also represented seven cosmic principles.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|pp=172, 178}}

In another birth, the six brothers were sons of Kalanemi, and being pious they received a boon from Brahma that no one would kill them. But Hiranyakashipu cursed them to sleep in [[patala]] (the netherworld). After much pleading, the curse was moderated and they were to be reborn as the first six sons of Devaki. In that birth, Kalanemi would be reborn as [[Kamsa]], son of [[Ugrasena]], and would be their uncle who would eventually kill them all.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|pp=172, 178}}

The six brothers made fun of [[Brahma]] as he had married [[Saraswati]], his own daughter. This infuriated Brahma who cursed the brothers to be born as asuras, and thus they were reborn as the six sons of Kalanemi. The rebirth cycle continued over the eons and Kalanemi was then born as Kamsa. Kalanemi's six sons had to have two earlier rebirths before they were born as Kamsa's nephews. [[Narada]] had informed Kamsa that his birth was the result of a rape of his mother by a [[gandharva]], called Dramila, and that was the reason that Kamasa's mother disliked her son and had cursed that he would be killed by a member of his own family. When his sister Devaki was married to Vasudeva, a divine voice told him that their eighth son would kill him. Kamsa wanted to kill his sister then only before she could bear any children. But her husband prevailed on Kamsa with the promise that he would surrender to him all sons born to them.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|pp=172, 178}}

Devaki and her husband lived in confinement and as soon as a child was born to them, Kamsa would kill the child. After killing the first six sons of Devaki, he thought that their seventh child died before he took birth but actually [[Vindhyavasini|Devi Mahamaya]] put the seventh child in the garbha of the first wife of Vasudeva, Rohini who was staying in Gokul. When [[Krishna]] was born as the eighth son then a divine voice told Yasudev to put his son in Gokul at the house of Nanda and Yashodha and take their daughter who was born at that night, with him. Everyone thought that the eight children is a girl but Kamsa did not spare her. Trying to kill the girl child, she flew away, being an incarnation of [[Adi Parashakti|Mayadevi]], and before disappearing announced that Kamsa's death would happen soon. Kamsa's efforts to kill the child failed, and finally, Krishna killed him during an ambush.{{Sfn|Williams|2008|pp=172, 178}} As Kamsa was killed by Krishna, a divine person, he attained [[moksha]] due to his constant thoughts on Krishna. {{Sfn|Hudson|2008|p=325}}

== In ''Skanda Purana'' ==
According to the ''[[Skanda Purana]]'', after the [[Samudra manthan|churning of the ocean of milk]] when the [[Ambrosia|divine nectar of immortality]] was denied to the [[daitya]]s and [[danavas]] by [[Vishnu]] taking the form of [[Mohini]], a battle ensued between the Devtas who had received the nectar and the asuras who hadn't. The Devtas were led by [[Indra]], the king of Gods, and the asuras were led by sons of Virochana, initially by Bali, the chief of asuras, and later by Kalanemi. After Indra had slain Bali with a thunderbolt, his deputy [[Vrishparva]] who attacked Indra was also killed. Then Kalanemi, riding a lion as his mount, fiercely attacked Indra and his followers which unnerved the suras. They were then advised by [[Narada]] to seek the help of Vishnu as he only could kill Kalanemi who had immense powers acquired by meditation. On the request made by the Devtas, Vishnu riding his mount [[Garuda]], attacked Kalnemi and felled him unconscious. Regaining consciousness Kalanemi realized that he was confronting Vishnu, accepted his defeat and requested Vishnu to grant him "beatitude" as he was defeated by a divine being.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=362}} After Kalanemi was killed, Indra continued slaying Kalanemi's soldiers but Narada advised him to stop and let them go because it is a sin to kill Brahmins.{{Sfn|Kennedy|1831|p=362}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|last= Hudson |first=D Dennis |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C&pg=PA282|date=25 September 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-970902-1}}
* {{cite book|last= Kennedy |first=Vans |title=Researches Into the Nature and Affinity of Ancient and Hindu Mythology|url=https://archive.org/details/researchesinton00kenngoog|page= [https://archive.org/details/researchesinton00kenngoog/page/n455 362] |year=1831|publisher=Longmans, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green}}
* {{cite book|last= Williams |first=George M. |title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&pg=PA172|date=27 March 2008|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-533261-2}}

[[Category: Danavas]]
[[Category: Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category: Rakshasa in the Ramayana]]