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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalanaur
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Night view of the ''[[Harmandir Sahib]]'' (''Golden Temple'')
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|32.01|N|75.09|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Gurdaspur
| subdivision_type3 = Assembly constituency
| subdivision_name3 = [[Dera Baba Nanak Assembly Constituency]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 12915
| population_as_of = 2011

| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro =
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=2011UA>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Kalanaurie
| population_footnotes = <ref name=2011Cities>{{cite web | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above | publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India | access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 143512
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 1874 XXX XXX
| registration_plate = PB-85
| website =
| footnotes =

}}

'''Kalanaur''' is a tehsil in [[Gurdaspur District]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state in India. It is located 25 km towards west from District headquarters Gurdaspur. This historical town is situated on newly constructed [[National Highway 354]]. The town has historical significance as [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]], was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by [[Bairam Khan]]. It was first established as a Principality by Prince '''Nakhashena''', a brother of King '''Janamejaya,''' which was further ruled by his descendants known as '''Jarral Rajputs'''. Jarral rule in Kalanaur lasted for 350 years.

==Demographics==
As per the 2011 [[census]] of India,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/27986-kalanaur-punjab.html | title = Kalanaur Census 2011}}</ref> Kalanaur has a population of 13642. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Those under 6 years of age constitute 10.76% of the population. The average literacy rate is 83.97%, which is higher than the Punjab average of 75.84%. Male literacy is at 87.35%, and female literacy at 80.28%.

==Geography==
Kalanaur is located at {{Coord|32.01|N|75.09|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Kalanaur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. – Kalanaur]</ref> It has an average elevation of 243 metres (797 feet). The town is situated about 25 km to the west of [[Gurdaspur]] city, on the banks of the Kiran, a minor rivulet that merges into the [[Ravi river]].

==History==
Prince "Nakshasena" established a separate independent kingdom at Indraprastha, which later rose to become a dominant force in its own right.<ref>["Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers" by Govt. Uttar Pradesh 1993, p25]</ref>

With the passage of time, the Bactrian and Scythian invasions of northern India, this Pandava branch established a kingdom at Kalanaur in what is now the modern-day district of Gurdaspur in Punjab (India) establishing the first capital of the Jarral Dynasty.

Jarral Rajputs are known as the descendants of the Pandavas and their branch was named after their apical ancestor, Raja Jir Rao, a Rajput descendant of the Pandavas of the Mahabharata. The "Jarrals" are therefore a "brother tribe" to the illustrious Janjua Rajputs of Punjab.<ref>["Punjab Chiefs" by Sir Lepel H. Griffin (Lahore, 1909, p.97)]</ref>

Kalanaur was later captured in the twelfth century by the armies of the [[Ghurid dynasty|Ghorid Empire]] after a battle with the Jarral Rajas. During the 14th-16th centuries, Kalanaur was a major urban centre and several historical events are associated with the town. [[Firuz Shah Tughluq]] (1352–88) built a beautiful palace on the banks of the Kiran rivulet. During the reign of [[Sayyid]] [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]] (1421–35), Kalanaur was ruled by the [[Khokhar]] Rajput tribe under the leadership of Raja [[Jasrat]]. In February 1556, [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]], was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by [[Bairam Khan]]. The masonry platform, where he was crowned can be visited even today. There is a [[mosque]] that was built during his reign.<ref>[http://gurdaspur.nic.in/html/profile.htm#history History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050802074716/http://gurdaspur.nic.in/html/profile.htm#history |date=2 August 2005 }} [[Gurdaspur district]] website.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=GOPINATH |first=P. KRISHNA |date=2018-12-15 |title=The site where Akbar was crowned |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/the-site-where-akbar-was-crowned/article25752167.ece |access-date=2024-02-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
[[File:Emperor Akbar crowning platform.jpg|thumb|This is the crowning platform of the Mughal emperor "Akbar the Great" at Kalanaur, district Gurdaspur in Punjab]]

During the period of anarchy in latter half of the 18th century, the Kanhaiya [[Misl]], a militia under Sardar Haqeeqat Singh Kanhaiya, occupied Kalanaur. His son Jaimal Singh extended his territory up to Fatehgarh Churian and shifted his residence there. Jaimal Singh's daughter Chand Kaur was married to [[Kharak Singh]], eldest son and heir of [[Ranjit Singh]], in 1812. Later, when the area was annexed by Ranjit Singh, he granted it to Kharak Singh. It was later granted in fief to one [[Raja Dina Nath]], and was finally annexed into [[British India]] after the death of [[Divan]] [[Raja Dina Nath|Dina Nath]] in 1857.

==Culture==
Kalanaur was at one time a centre of art, trade and cottage industry. A local saying has it that "a person who has not seen [[Lahore]] should see Kalanaur" ("Jinne nahi vekheya lahore, oh vekhe kalanaur").

The Gurudwara Banda Bahadur, built on the site of a well excavated by the order of [[Banda Bahadur]], is another landmark of the town. There is also a temple of Shiva and a mosque built during the reign of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Akbar]].

==Education==
The list of major [[educational institutions]] in Kalanaur is given below.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/punjab/gurdaspur/kalanaur | title=Schools in Kalanaur (Gurdaspur) | Cluster wise List of Schools in Kalanaur - Gurdaspur (Punjab) }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 schools in Kalanaur, Gurdaspur (CBSE, State Board) |url=https://webconte.com/schools/top_10/kalanaur,_gurdaspur |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=WebConte |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Fateh Singh Senior Secondary Public School, Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi <ref>{{cite web |title=SAHABZADA ZORAWAR SINGH FATEH SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL - Kalanaur District Gurdaspur (Punjab) |url=http://www.szorawarsfatehspsk.in/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahibzada Zawar Singh Fateh Singh Public School (SZSFS), Kalanaur, Gurdaspur: Admission, Fee, Affiliation |url=https://school.careers360.com/schools/sahibzada-zawar-singh-fateh-singh-public-school-kalanaur-gurdaspur |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=school.careers360.com |language=en}}</ref>
*Government Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Kalanaur<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-09-08 |title=Govt. Iti Kalanaur |url=https://iti.directory/gurdaspur/govt-iti-kalanaur |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=iti.directory |language=en}}</ref>
*Gagan International School<ref>{{cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/gurdaspur/03010800118/gagan-international-school-kalanaur.html | title=GAGAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL KALANAUR - Kalanaur District Gurdaspur (Punjab) }}</ref>
*Government Middle School, Kalanaur<ref>{{cite web | url=https://schools.org.in/gurdaspur/03010800103/gms-kalanaur-g.html | title=GMS KALANAUR(G) - Kalanaur District Gurdaspur (Punjab) }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gms Kalanaur(G) Middle School, Gurdaspur - Fees, Reviews, Address and Admissions 2024 |url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/gms-kalanaur-g-l52zd |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=iCBSE |language=en-US}}</ref>
*DAV High School<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dav Hs Kalanaur Secondary School, Gurdaspur - Address, Reviews, Fees and Admissions 2024 |url=https://www.icbse.com/schools/dav-hs-kalanaur-50r22 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=iCBSE |language=en-US}}</ref>
*Government Senior Secondary School, Kalanaur<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 schools in Kalanaur, Gurdaspur (CBSE, State Board) |url=https://webconte.com/schools/top_10/kalanaur,_gurdaspur |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=WebConte |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*Kerala International School, Kalanaur<ref>{{cite web | url=https://careerurl.com/schools/kerala-international-school-kalanaur-gurdaspur-punjab | title=KERALA INTERNATIONAL School, KALANAUR, GURDASPUR, PUNJAB | CareerURL }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050802074716/http://gurdaspur.nic.in/html/profile.htm#history History]

{{Gurdaspur district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Gurdaspur district]]

Kalanaur, Gurdaspur - Revision history

TajWagstaff: Creating