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{{short description|City in Karnataka, India}}
{{About|the municipality in India|its namesake district|Kalaburagi district}}
{{Redirect|Kalburgi|the scholar and writer|M. M. Kalburgi}}

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalaburagi
| official_name =
| other_name = Gulbarga
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = GulbargaPlaces.png
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Clockwise from top left, [[Sharana Basaveshwara Temple]], [[Buddha Vihar, Gulbarga|Buddha Vihar]], [[Bande Nawaz|Khwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah]], [[Central University of Karnataka|CUK Kalaburagi]], [[ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Kalaburagi|ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR , Kalaburagi]] and [[Kalaburagi Fort]]
| nicknames =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Kalaburagi in [[Karnataka]]
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kalaburagi in India##Location of Kalaburagi in Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|17.329|N|76.825|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Regions of Karnataka
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kalyana-Karnataka]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]] , [[Kalaburagi Mahanagara Palike|Kalaburagi City Corporation]]
| governing_body = District Administration
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 192
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 454
| population_total = 533,587<ref name=C2>{{cite web | url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803207-gulbarga-karnataka.html | title=Gulbarga Population Census 2011 - 2019 | publisher=Census 2011 | access-date=4 February 2019 }}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 8275
| population_metro = 543,147<ref name=C2 />
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 585101-106
| area_code_type = [[Telephone code]]
| area_code = 91(847)-2XXXXXX
| registration_plate = KA-32
| website = {{URL|kalaburagi.nic.in/en}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kalaburagi''', formerly known as '''Gulbarga''',<ref name=census>{{cite web|title=Kalaburagi|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/karnataka-belgaum-mysore-names-of-12-cities-changed-kannada/1/396366.html|website=indiatoday.intoday.in |access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> is a city in the Indian state of [[Karnataka]]. It is the administrative headquarters of the [[Kalaburagi district]] and is the largest city in the region of [[North Karnataka]] ([[Kalyana-Karnataka]]). Kalaburagi is 568 km north of the state capital city of [[Bangalore]]. It was incorporated into the newly formed [[Mysore State]] (now known as [[Karnataka]]) through the [[States Reorganisation Act]]<ref name= ReorganisationAct>{{cite web|title= Central Government The States Reorganisation Act, 1956|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/state%20reorganisation%20act.pdf|website= indiaenvironmentportal.org.in|access-date=18 August 2016}}</ref> in 1956.

Kalaburagi city is governed by a Municipal Corporation and is in the Kalaburagi Urban Region. It is called a Sufi city. It has famous religious structures, like the Hazrath [[Bande Nawaz|Khwaja Banda Nawaz Dargah]], the [[Sharana Basaveshwara Temple]] and the [[Buddha Vihar, Gulbarga|Buddha Vihar]]. It also has a [[Kalaburagi Fort|fort]] built during the Bahmani rule. Other Bahmani monuments include the [[Haft Gumbaz]] (seven domes together) and the Shor Gumbad. Kalaburagi has the world's largest cannon.<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembering a Sufi saint|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/remembering-a-sufi-saint/article3030022.ece#!|access-date=26 September 2017|publisher=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=GULBARGA CITY CORPORATION|url=http://www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in/|website=www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in/|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Haft Gumbaz–Gulbarga|url=https://hariexploresindia.wordpress.com/2011/11/14/the-haft-gumbaz-gulbarga/|website=hariexploresindia.wordpress.com|access-date=26 September 2017|date=14 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Remains of a grand dream|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/109517/remains-grand-dream.html|access-date=26 September 2017|publisher=www.deccanherald.com/}}</ref> Kalaburagi has a few architectural marvels built during the Bahamani Kingdom rule, including the Jama Masjid in the Kalaburagi Fort. Kalaburagi houses the circuit bench of the [[Karnataka High Court|High Court of Karnataka]]. Several buildings in the city were put by [[UNESCO]] on its "tentative list" to become a [[World Heritage Site]] in 2014, with others in the region, under the name [[Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate]] (despite there being several sultanates).<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5887/ UNESCO "tentative list"]</ref>

The name Gulbarga means ‘(City of) ‘Flower Gardens’ ultimately from the Persian words gul ‘flower’ and bāgh ‘garden’.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Everett-Heath |first=John |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001/acref-9780191882913;jsessionid=5532B226B847ADC161DE373DC0E896A1 |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names |date=24 October 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-188291-3 |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Asuf Gunj, Gulbarga..jpg|thumb|left|Asuf Gunj, Kalaburagi in 1880]]
The history of Kalaburagi dates to the sixth century. The [[Rashtrakutas]] gained control over the region, but the [[Chalukyas]] regained their domain within a short period and reigned supreme for over 200 years. The Kalyani Kalachuris who succeeded them ruled until the 12th century. Around the end of the 12th century, the [[Yadavas]] of [[Devagiri]] and the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysalas]] of Dwarasamadra destroyed the supremacy of the [[Chalukyas]] and [[Kalachuris of Kalyani]]. Around the same period, the [[Kakatiya]] kings of [[Warangal]] came into prominence and the present [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]] and [[Raichur District|Raichur]] districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1308 AD and the entire [[Deccan]], including the district of Kalaburagi, passed under the control of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].

The revolt of the officers appointed from [[Delhi]] resulted in the founding of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] in 1347 CE by [[Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah]], who chose Kalaburagi (Hasanabad) to be the capital.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=106–108}}</ref> When the Bahmani Sultanate came to an end in 1527, the kingdom broke up into five independent [[Deccan sultanates]], [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]], [[Bidar Sultanate|Bidar]], [[Berar Sultanate|Berar]], [[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]], and [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]]. The present Kalaburagi district came partly under the sultanate of [[Bidar]] and partly under the sultanate of [[Bijapur]]. The last of these sultanates, Golconda, finally fell to [[Aurangzeb]] in 1687.

With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Kalaburagi passed under the [[Mughal Empire]]. In the early part of the 18th century, with the decline of the Mughal Empire, [[Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I]], one of Aurangzeb's generals, formed the kingdom of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], in which a major part of the Kalaburagi area was also included. In 1948, [[Hyderabad State]] became a part of the Indian Union, and in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh, Kalaburagi district became part of the new Mysore State.

Gulbarga (Urdu) (city of flowers and gardens) was renamed Kalaburagi (Kannada) (Kal-means stone in Kannada, bur means thorns in Kannada the whole name represents "The Land of stones and thorns") effective 1 November 2014.<ref name=rename>{{cite news|last1=Variyar|first1=Mugdha|title=Bangalore Wakes up to 'Bengaluru'; 11 Other Karnataka Cities Renamed|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-wakes-bengaluru-11-other-karnataka-cities-renamed-612795|access-date=16 May 2015|agency=IBTimes|date=1 November 2014}}</ref>

==Geography==
The entire district is on the Deccan Plateau, and the elevation ranges from 300 to 750 m above MSL. Two main rivers, the [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and [[Bhima]], flow through the district. The predominant soil type is [[Vertisol|black soil]]. The district has many tanks, which irrigate the land along with the river. The Upper Krishna Project is a major irrigation venture in the district of Kalaburagi. The main crops are groundnuts, rice, and pulses. Kalaburagi is the largest producer of [[toor dal]], or [[pigeon pea]]s, in Karnataka. Kalaburagi is an industrially backward district but is showing signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries. Kalaburagi has a university with Medical and Engineering Colleges. Central University of Karnataka (CuK) is located in Kadaganchi, Åland Taluk of Kalaburagi.<ref>//http://www.cuk.ac.in//</ref> The geographical area of the city is 64 square kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.gulbargacity.mrc.gov.in/ |title = Unauthorized Request Blocked}}</ref>

===Climate===
Kalaburagi has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (BSh) bordering on a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] (Aw). The climate of the district is generally dry, with temperatures ranging from 8 °C to 45 °C and an annual rainfall of about 750 mm. The year in Kalaburagi is divided into three main seasons. The summer lasts from late February to May. It is followed by the southwest monsoon, which lasts from late June to late October. This is then followed by dry winter weather from late November until February.

{{Weather box
| location = Kalaburagi (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 36.2
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 43.0
| Apr record high C = 45.1
| May record high C = 46.1
| Jun record high C = 46.0
| Jul record high C = 38.4
| Aug record high C = 37.8
| Sep record high C = 37.4
| Oct record high C = 38.2
| Nov record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 35.1
| year record high C = 46.1
| Jan high C = 31.3
| Feb high C = 34.4
| Mar high C = 37.8
| Apr high C = 40.2
| May high C = 40.6
| Jun high C = 35.6
| Jul high C = 32.3
| Aug high C = 31.3
| Sep high C = 32.1
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 31.4
| Dec high C = 30.5
| year high C = 34.2
| Jan low C = 16.3
| Feb low C = 18.6
| Mar low C = 22.3
| Apr low C = 25.1
| May low C = 25.8
| Jun low C = 23.8
| Jul low C = 23.0
| Aug low C = 22.5
| Sep low C = 22.6
| Oct low C = 21.2
| Nov low C = 18.5
| Dec low C = 15.8
| year low C = 21.3
| Jan record low C = 6.7
| Feb record low C = 9.4
| Mar record low C = 12.8
| Apr record low C = 13.3
| May record low C = 17.8
| Jun record low C = 12.7
| Jul record low C = 17.2
| Aug record low C = 16.4
| Sep record low C = 17.8
| Oct record low C = 10.0
| Nov record low C = 7.8
| Dec record low C = 5.6
| year record low C = 5.6
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 4.1
| Feb rain mm = 1.9
| Mar rain mm = 5.9
| Apr rain mm = 17.2
| May rain mm = 26.0
| Jun rain mm = 109.4
| Jul rain mm = 127.1
| Aug rain mm = 152.8
| Sep rain mm = 194.2
| Oct rain mm = 99.9
| Nov rain mm = 19.7
| Dec rain mm = 4.2
| year rain mm = 762.3
| Jan rain days = 0.4
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Mar rain days = 0.5
| Apr rain days = 1.4
| May rain days = 2.3
| Jun rain days = 6.4
| Jul rain days = 8.9
| Aug rain days = 8.9
| Sep rain days = 9.0
| Oct rain days = 5.4
| Nov rain days = 1.6
| Dec rain days = 0.2
| year rain days = 45.0
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 34
| Feb humidity = 28
| Mar humidity = 23
| Apr humidity = 23
| May humidity = 28
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 58
| Aug humidity = 61
| Sep humidity = 60
| Oct humidity = 52
| Nov humidity = 43
| Dec humidity = 37
| year humidity = 41
| source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Kalaburagi Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 299–300
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M96
| access-date = 10 April 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kalaburagi city (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Karnataka|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Karnataka|Hinduism]]|darkorange|59.62}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|37.29}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Karnataka|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.52}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism in Karnataka|Jainism]]|pink|0.40}}
{{bar percent|Others†|black|2.17}}
|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
†<small>Includes [[Sikhs]] (0.2%), [[Buddhism|Buddhists]] (<0.2%).</small>
}}

As of the 2011 Indian census,<ref name="C2" /> Kalaburagi city has a population of 533,587. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Kalaburagi has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is 70%, while that of females is 30%. In Kalaburagi, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kalaburgi city (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 55.04 |color1 = darkslateblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 35.78 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value3 = 3.56 |color3 = red
|label4 = [[Hindi]] |value4 = 2.37 |color4 = orange
|label5 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value5 = 1.20 |color5 = steelblue
|label6 = [[Lambadi]] |value6 = 1.14 |color6 = darkgoldenrod
|label7 = Others |value7 = 0.91 |color7 = grey
}}
At the time of the 2011 census, 55.04% of the population spoke [[Kannada]], 35.78% [[Urdu]], 3.56% [[Marathi language|Marathi]], 2.37% [[Hindi]], 1.20% [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and 1.14% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Town): Karnataka |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10255/download/13367/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Government and politics==
Kalaburagi has been home to two ex-[[List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka|chief ministers of Karnataka]], namely [[Veerendra Patil]] (1968–1971, 1988–1992) and [[Dharam Singh]] (2004–2006); both belonged to the [[Indian National Congress]] party.

Kalaburagi comes under [[Gulbarga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency]]. [[Umesh. G. Jadhav]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) is the Member of Parliament (MP) since 2019. Mallikarjun Kharge (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian politician, who is the current president of the Indian National Congress, and Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Karnataka since 16 February 2021. He was also Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha from 16 February 2021 to 1 October 2022. He was the Former Minister of Railways and Minister of Labour and Employment in the Government of India. Kharge was a Member of Parliament for Gulbarga, Karnataka from 2009 to 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha Result 2019: कर्नाटक की गुलबर्गा सीट पर बीजेपी के उमेश जाधव ने कांग्रेस के मल्लिकार्जुन खड़गे को दी शिकस्त |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/lok-sabha-election/story-karnataka-gulbarga-lok-sabha-election-results-2019-bjp-umesh-jadhav-win-know-all-seats-2544540.html |last=Khushboo |access-date=25 May 2019 |work=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]] |date=24 May 2019 |language=hi}}</ref>

Kalaburagi city has two Vidhan Sabha constituencies: [[Gulbarga Uttar (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Kalaburagi Uttar (North)]] and [[Gulbarga Dakshin (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Kalaburagi Dakshin (South)]]. Both are part of the Kalaburagi Lok Sabha constituency. The MLA for Kalaburagi Uttar is Kaneez Fatima from Indian National Congress, while the MLA for Kalaburagi Dakshin is from Indian National congress[2023] .

==Culture/Cityscape==
=== Art and architecture ===
[[File:Haft_Gumbad.jpg|thumb|[[Haft Gumbaz]]]]
The largest collection of Islamic art is seen at the domed ceiling and walls are adorned with paintings containing calligraphy designs and floral, flower and plants and geometric patterns inside the 14th-century tomb of Sufi saint Syed Shah Qhabulullah Husayni with natural colours. By religious restrictions, the artist was prohibited from depicting living beings in the interior of tomb, and his imagination was therefore employed either in inventing new designs for religious texts or in adding further delicacy and subtleness to the geometric and floral devices by making the drawings more and more intricate. A small tomb beside the said Sufi's has an excellent work of painted flower plants on the ceiling. Another vacant Shore Gumbad outside the city has delicate designs on its domed ceiling is superb.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

The walls and ceiling of the tomb of Sultan Firuz Shah Bahmani can be appreciated which, although monotone, represents faithfully the creepers and floral patterns, the numerous geometric devices and calligraphic styles. The most notable building, however, of this period is the Jama Masjid of Kalaburagi fort, built by a Persian architect named Rafi in 1367 during the reign of Bahmani King [[Mohammed Shah I]].

The glory of the towns in north Karnataka waned with the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, although Barid Shahi and [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] Kings kept up its beauty during their chequered rule. It suffers from pollution through nickel and lead.

Royal patronage played an important role in the making of Islamic art, as it has in the arts of other cultures. From the 14th century onwards, especially in eastern lands, the books of art provide the best documentation of courtly patronage.

for more information about the rich culture of Gulbarga, the book titled, '''Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga, (A Cultural Study)''' by '''Dr. Md. Salahuddin Munshi''' can be referred.

== Transport ==
===By Air===
Kalaburagi has its own airport named [[Kalaburagi Airport|Kalaburagi airport]] which was inaugurated by [[Karnataka]] CM [[B. S. Yediyurappa|Yediyurappa]] on 22 November 2019 and started on the same day.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 2019|title=Kalaburagi airport inaugurated by Karnataka CM Yediyurappa; full flight schedule|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/kalaburagi-airport-inaugurated-by-karnataka-cm-yediyurappa-full-flight-schedule/|access-date=1 April 2021|work=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

===By Rail===
Kalaburagi has a railway station named [[Kalaburagi railway station]] which comes under the [[Solapur railway division|Solapur division]].

Kalaburagi will soon be a part of [[Mumbai–Hyderabad high-speed rail corridor|high-speed rail corridor]] running from [[Mumbai]] to [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-hyderabad-bullet-train-terminal-could-be-at-navi-mumbai-airport/amp_articleshow/79973747.cms|title=Mumbai-Hyderabad bullet train terminal could be at Navi Mumbai airport|publisher=Times of India|date=27 December 2020}}</ref>

=== By Road ===
Kalaburagi is the headquarter of the [[NEKRTC]] bus transport which was founded and started on 15 August 2000 and serves the North-Eastern Districts of [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bus staff strike total in Bangalore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bus-staff-strike-total-in-bangalore/article3894009.ece |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=The Hindu |date=14 September 2012 |language=en-IN}}</ref> It also has [[Nrupatunga city bus service]] which serves Kalaburagi urban and [[Sedam]] and is operated by NEKRTC itself.<ref>{{cite web |title=16th Annual Administration Report 2015-16 |url=http://nekrtc.org/pdf/ADM%20REPORT%202015-16%20ENG.pdf |website=nekrtc.org |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref>

== Education ==
The [[Central University of Karnataka]] is located in Kalaburagi. The [[Gulbarga University]], [[Sharnbasva University]], and [[Khaja Bandanawaz University]], are the other universities in the city.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

'''Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study)''' by Dr. Md, Salahuddin Munshi

The study entitled "'''Muslim Monuments of Gulbarga (A Cultural Study) 14th century to 17th century A.D"''' is about the rich culture of Gulbarga heritage, and the kingdoms ruled in this era and their significance, for the development of area's as their capital city of the kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dr Md Salahuddin Munshi |title=Dr |publisher=Karnataka Historical Research Society |year=2017 |edition=1st |location=Bengaluru |language=English}}</ref>{{Gulbarga topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kalaburagi| ]]
[[Category:Former capital cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Karnataka]]

Kalaburagi - Revision history

Ankushraj at 11:38, 24 March 2026

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: add new article