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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Short description|Village in Manipur, India}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kaiphundai
| native_name_lang = 
| other_name =
| nickname =
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Manipur, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.7897|93.2237|format=dms |display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 330
| population_total = 626
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 Tamenglong census"/>
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language|Meitei]]
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Thadou language|Thadou]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
}}
'''Kaiphundai''', also called '''New Kaiphundai''' or "Kaiphundai Naga", is a village in [[Tamenglong district]], [[Manipur]], India, close to its border with [[Jiribam district]]. The village is on top of the [[Vangaitang]] range, at an elevation of {{conv|330|m|abbr=on}}. An older village that is now referred to as '''Old Kaiphundai''' or "Kaiphundai Kuki" is at a lower elevation of {{conv|236|m|abbr=on}} on the same range.<ref name="2011 Tamenglong census">
[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/854/download/36284/DH_2011_1402_PART_A_DCHB_TAMENGLONG.pdf Tamenglong District Census Handbook], Census of India, 2011. page 84.
</ref>
Both the villages are along the [[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]] (Silchar–Imphal Highway) and are part of the 'Tamenglong West' subdivision (also called Tousem subdivision).

== Geography and history ==
[[File:Jiribam-district-SoI-1944.jpg|thumb|left|275px|1944 Survey of India map of the Jiribam region and the adjacent Vangaitang range. The village marked "Kaiphundai" on Silchar–Manipur highway is now called Old Kaiphundai.]]

The [[Vangaitang]] range to the east of the Jiribam district is traditionally inhabited by the [[Kuki-Zo people|Kuki-Zo]] tribes, mainly [[Hmar people|Hmars]] but also some [[Thadou Kukis]]. In 1907, the Jiribam plain was opened for settlement by the Government of Manipur, and it came to be settled by Meiteis and Bengali speakers from the neighbouring [[Cachar district]].<ref name="1911 annual report">
{{citation |last=Higgins |first=J. C. |title=Administration Report of The Manipur State For The Year 1911-12 |publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co |location=Calcutta |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125393 |via=archive.org |ref={{sfnref|Administration Report for 1911-12|1912}} |page=4}}
</ref><ref>
{{citation |last=Harvey |first=C. W. L. |title=Administration Report of The Manipur State For The Year 1931-32 |publisher=The State Printing Press |location=Imphal |year=1932 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125395 |via=archive.org |page=55 |ref={{sfnref|Administration Report for 1931-32|1932}}}}
</ref>

[[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]], which used to be known as the "Cachar Road" or the "Kala Naga route" during the [[British Raj]], runs close to the [[Jiri River]] through the Jiribam plain, and then crosses the Vangaitang and Kala Naga ranges starting from [[Phaitol]]. A line of tribal villages stretch along the road, with a village called "Kaiphundai" mid-way through the climb.<ref>
{{citation |chapter=Notification No. IJ/2/56 |title=Manipur Gazette |date=16 August 1956 |pages=15–16 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.125722/page/n652 |via=archive.org}}
</ref> (See survey map.) It is now called "Old Kaiphundai". A "New Kaiphundai" village was established at the top of the range after the present alignment of the National Highway was built. It came into being by 1971.<ref>
[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29456/download/32637/51230_1971_WES.pdf District Census Handbook: Manipur West District], Director of Census Operations, Manipur, 1973, pages ix, 13.
</ref>{{efn|In the 1971 census, Old Kaiphundai was in the Jiribam subdivision of the 'Manipur Central' district and New Kaiphundai was in the 'Manipur West' district.}}

The Tamenglong district administration refers to the Old Kaiphundai village as "Kaiphundai Kuki" and the New Kaiphundai village as "Kaiphundai Naga", indicating the ethnicity of the respective inhabitants.<ref name="Tamenglong demography">
[https://tamenglong.nic.in/demography/ Demography], Tamenglong district administration, retrieved 30 November 2024.
</ref>

There has traditionally been a track or bridle path on the ridge line of the Vangaitang range. (See the 1944 map.) After the establishment of New Kaiphundai, a motorable road was laid between New Kaiphundai and [[Tousem]], the subdivision headquarters of the 'Tamenglong West' subdivision (also called the Tousem subdivision). In 2007, there were demands from the local people for the improvement of the road, including the conduct of a shutdown of NH-37.<ref>
Indefinite bandh hits NH-53, Hindustan Times, 14 October 2007. {{ProQuest|470485400}}
</ref>

In the 1990s, Jiribam district was extended to cover a portion of the northern stretch of the [[Jiri River]]. This required a stretch of territory around NH-37 to be included in the Jiribam district.{{sfnp|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005|pp=12–23}} The current geographical maps show Jiribam district stretching up to New Kaiphundai and a portion of the Tousem Road.<ref name="MARSAC">
[https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_JIRIBAM.pdf Jiribam Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
</ref>
In 2024, the Tousem Area Students' Organisation has objected to the purported district border noting that nine villages of Tamenglong district, including the Kaiphundai villages, were being wrongly included in the Jiribam district.<ref>[https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/nine-villages-incorporated-to-jiribam-district ‘Nine villages incorporated to Jiribam district’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204063730/https://www.ifp.co.in/manipur/nine-villages-incorporated-to-jiribam-district |date=4 December 2024 }}, Imphal Free Press, 23 August 2024.</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to the 2011 census, the New Kaiphundai village has a population of 370 people living in 77 households. Old Kaiphundai has a population of 227 people living in 50 households.

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

; Sources
* {{citation |title=Manipur Administrative Atlas |publisher=Census of India, Government of India |year=2005 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4393/1/50276_2001_ADM.pdf|ref={{sfnref|Manipur Administrative Atlas|2005}}}}

== External links ==
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_TOUSEM.pdf Tousem Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.
* [https://marsac.mn.gov.in/pdf/sub_division/SubDivision_JIRIBAM.pdf Jiribam Subdivision], Manipur Remote Sensing Applications Centre, retrieved 8 November 2024.

{{Manipur}}
[[Category:Villages in Tamenglong district]]

Kaiphundai - Revision history

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