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	== Other websites ==		== Other websites ==
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	* [http://www.chabad.org A large website for Jewish people]		* [http://www.chabad.org A large website for Jewish people]
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	[[Category:Judaism\| ]]		[[Category:Judaism\| ]]

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	* [http://www.chabad.org A large website for Jewish people]		* [http://www.chabad.org A large website for Jewish people]

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Judaism - Revision history

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	===One God===		===One God===

	The main teachings of Judaism are about God, that there is only one God and that god is [[Yahweh]]. Only God [[creating\|created]] the [[universe]] and only He [[wikt:control\|controls]] it. Judaism also teaches that God is [[wikt:spirit\|spiritual]] and not [[wikt:physical\|physical]].<ref name=ERP1>{{cite book \|last1= Mendes-Flohr\|first1= Paul\|editor1-first= Thomas\|editor1-last= Riggs \|title= Encyclopedia of Religious Practices\|volume=1: Religions and Denominations\|year=2006 \|publisher= Gale\|location= Detroit \|~~page~~=~~423-453~~ \|chapter= Judaism}}</ref><ref name=Donin18>{{cite book \|title= To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life \|last= Donin \|first= Hayim Halevy \|chapter=The Cornerstones of Judaism: Israel–Its God \|year= 1991\|publisher= HarperCollins \|location= New York \|isbn=978-0465086320 \|pages=18=23}}</ref>		The main teachings of Judaism are about God, that there is only one God and that god is [[Yahweh]]. Only God [[creating\|created]] the [[universe]] and only He [[wikt:control\|controls]] it. Judaism also teaches that God is [[wikt:spirit\|spiritual]] and not [[wikt:physical\|physical]].<ref name=ERP1>{{cite book \|last1= Mendes-Flohr\|first1= Paul\|editor1-first= Thomas\|editor1-last= Riggs \|title= Encyclopedia of Religious Practices\|volume=1: Religions and Denominations\|year=2006 \|publisher= Gale\|location= Detroit \|pages=423–453 \|chapter= Judaism}}</ref><ref name=Donin18>{{cite book \|title= To Be a Jew: A Guide to Jewish Observance in Contemporary Life \|last= Donin \|first= Hayim Halevy \|chapter=The Cornerstones of Judaism: Israel–Its God \|year= 1991\|publisher= HarperCollins \|location= New York \|isbn=978-0465086320 \|pages=18=23}}</ref>

	Jews believe that God is one – a [[wikt: unity\|unity]]: He is one [[wikt:whole\|whole]], complete being. He cannot be [[wikt: divide\|divided]] into parts and people cannot say how He looks in words; they can only say how He is and what He does.<ref name=Birnbaum35>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter=God (chapter) \|year=1975 \|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn=088482876X \|page= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/35 35]}}</ref>.		Jews believe that God is one – a [[wikt: unity\|unity]]: He is one [[wikt:whole\|whole]], complete being. He cannot be [[wikt: divide\|divided]] into parts and people cannot say how He looks in words; they can only say how He is and what He does.<ref name=Birnbaum35>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter=God (chapter) \|year=1975 \|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn=088482876X \|page= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/35 35]}}</ref>

	Jews believe that all [[wikt: goodness\|goodness]] and [[morality]] is from God. God is [[wikt: interested\|interested]] in what people do and that He [[wikt:watch\|watches]] what they do.<ref name=BCJ>{{cite book \|title=The Blackwell Companion to Judaism \|last=Neuser \|first=Jacob \|author2=Avery-Peck, Alan \|year=2003 \|publisher=Blackwell \|isbn=9781577180593 \|page=3 \|url= https://books.google.com/?id=asYoIwz9z2UC&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Judaism++By+Jacob+Neusner,+Alan+Avery-Peck#v=onepage&q&f=false }}</ref><ref name=Wilkinson>{{cite book \|title=Religions \|last=Wilkinson \|first=Philip \|year=2008 \|publisher=Metro Books\|chapter=Judaism \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-4351-2132-4 \|pages=~~66-83~~ }}</ref>		Jews believe that all [[wikt: goodness\|goodness]] and [[morality]] is from God. God is [[wikt: interested\|interested]] in what people do and that He [[wikt:watch\|watches]] what they do.<ref name=BCJ>{{cite book \|title=The Blackwell Companion to Judaism \|last=Neuser \|first=Jacob \|author2=Avery-Peck, Alan \|year=2003 \|publisher=Blackwell \|isbn=9781577180593 \|page=3 \|url= https://books.google.com/?id=asYoIwz9z2UC&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Judaism++By+Jacob+Neusner,+Alan+Avery-Peck#v=onepage&q&f=false }}</ref><ref name=Wilkinson>{{cite book \|title=Religions \|last=Wilkinson \|first=Philip \|year=2008 \|publisher=Metro Books\|chapter=Judaism \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-4351-2132-4 \|pages=66–83 }}</ref>

	Judaism teaches that all people are made in the [[wikt: image\|image]] of God. This is why people must be treated with [[wikt:dignity\|dignity]] and [[wikt:respect\|respect]]. A person [[wikt: serve\|serves]] God by being like God. This means that they must do what is [[wikt: fair\|fair]] and [[wikt:justice\|just]], show [[mercy]], and [[wikt: behave\|behave]] with [[wikt: kindness\|kindness]] and [[love]] for people.<ref name=Birnbaum35/><ref name= J10BIp9>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing\|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=~~9-17~~}}</ref>		Judaism teaches that all people are made in the [[wikt: image\|image]] of God. This is why people must be treated with [[wikt:dignity\|dignity]] and [[wikt:respect\|respect]]. A person [[wikt: serve\|serves]] God by being like God. This means that they must do what is [[wikt: fair\|fair]] and [[wikt:justice\|just]], show [[mercy]], and [[wikt: behave\|behave]] with [[wikt: kindness\|kindness]] and [[love]] for people.<ref name=Birnbaum35/><ref name= J10BIp9>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing\|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=9–17}}</ref>

	Judaism says that God [[wikt:exist\|exists]] forever, that He is everywhere, and that He knows everything. He is above [[nature]] (“supernatural”) but He is in the world and He hears those who pray to Him and will answer them. God is the main [[wikt: power\|power]] in the universe.<ref name=Birnbaum35/>		Judaism says that God [[wikt:exist\|exists]] forever, that He is everywhere, and that He knows everything. He is above [[nature]] (“supernatural”) but He is in the world and He hears those who pray to Him and will answer them. God is the main [[wikt: power\|power]] in the universe.<ref name=Birnbaum35/>
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	The Jews are [[wikt:sometimes\|sometimes]] called the “[[wikt:choose\|Chosen]] People". This is because the Bible says God told them, “You will be to Me a [[wikt:kingdom\|kingdom]] of priests and a [[holy]] [[nation]]” (Exodus 19:6) and “For you are a holy people to the Lord your God, and the Lord chose you to be His own [[wikt:special\|special]] nation out of all peoples on the earth” (Deuteronomy 14:2). Jews understand that this means they have special [[wikt:duty\|duties]] and [[wikt:responsibility\|responsibilities]] [[wikt:command\|commanded]] by God. For example, Jews must [[wikt:build\|build]] a [[Justice\|just]] [[society]] and [[wikt:serve\|serve]] only God. Jews believe that this [[wikt:agreement\|covenant]] works in two ways: if they follow God’s laws, He will give them his love and [[protection]], but they are also responsible for their [[sin]]s – bad actions – and disobeying what God told them. Jews believe that they must teach other people that God exists and that God wants all people to do good actions. Jews believe that their [[wikt:job\|job]] in the world is to be "a light to the nations" (Isiah 49:6) by [[wikt:show\|showing]] the people of the world [[wikt:way\|ways]] to make the world a [[wikt:better\|better]] place.<ref name=ERP1/><ref name= Birnbaum70>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter=Attah Behartanu \|year=1975 \|publisher= Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/70 70]-72}}</ref>		The Jews are [[wikt:sometimes\|sometimes]] called the “[[wikt:choose\|Chosen]] People". This is because the Bible says God told them, “You will be to Me a [[wikt:kingdom\|kingdom]] of priests and a [[holy]] [[nation]]” (Exodus 19:6) and “For you are a holy people to the Lord your God, and the Lord chose you to be His own [[wikt:special\|special]] nation out of all peoples on the earth” (Deuteronomy 14:2). Jews understand that this means they have special [[wikt:duty\|duties]] and [[wikt:responsibility\|responsibilities]] [[wikt:command\|commanded]] by God. For example, Jews must [[wikt:build\|build]] a [[Justice\|just]] [[society]] and [[wikt:serve\|serve]] only God. Jews believe that this [[wikt:agreement\|covenant]] works in two ways: if they follow God’s laws, He will give them his love and [[protection]], but they are also responsible for their [[sin]]s – bad actions – and disobeying what God told them. Jews believe that they must teach other people that God exists and that God wants all people to do good actions. Jews believe that their [[wikt:job\|job]] in the world is to be "a light to the nations" (Isiah 49:6) by [[wikt:show\|showing]] the people of the world [[wikt:way\|ways]] to make the world a [[wikt:better\|better]] place.<ref name=ERP1/><ref name= Birnbaum70>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter=Attah Behartanu \|year=1975 \|publisher= Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/70 70]-72}}</ref>

	Jews believe that God has given them a [[wikt:special\|special]] [[wikt:job\|job]] which is to [[wikt:repair\|repair]] the world. Their job is to make the world a [[wikt:better\|better]] place with more good in it. They must use the things in the world to [[wikt:increase\|increase]] good and come closer to God. They call this “''tikkun olam''” – repairing the world. Jews see themselves as God’s [[wikt:partner\|partner]] and that they must repair the world in any way they can – to find ways to [[wikt:lessen\|lessen]] [[wikt: suffering\|suffering]] of people and animals, to make more peace, bring [[wikt: respect\|respect]] between people and [[wikt:protect\|protect]] the earth’s [[environment]] from [[wikt: destruction\|destruction]].<ref name= J10BIp29>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing \|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=~~29-35~~}}</ref><ref name=MJL_TO>{{cite web\|title=Tikkun Olam: Repairing the World \|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/practices/Ethics/Caring_For_Others/Tikkun_Olam_Repairing_the_World_.shtml\|website=My Jewish Learning\|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>		Jews believe that God has given them a [[wikt:special\|special]] [[wikt:job\|job]] which is to [[wikt:repair\|repair]] the world. Their job is to make the world a [[wikt:better\|better]] place with more good in it. They must use the things in the world to [[wikt:increase\|increase]] good and come closer to God. They call this “''tikkun olam''” – repairing the world. Jews see themselves as God’s [[wikt:partner\|partner]] and that they must repair the world in any way they can – to find ways to [[wikt:lessen\|lessen]] [[wikt: suffering\|suffering]] of people and animals, to make more peace, bring [[wikt: respect\|respect]] between people and [[wikt:protect\|protect]] the earth’s [[environment]] from [[wikt: destruction\|destruction]].<ref name= J10BIp29>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing \|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=29–35}}</ref><ref name=MJL_TO>{{cite web\|title=Tikkun Olam: Repairing the World \|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/practices/Ethics/Caring_For_Others/Tikkun_Olam_Repairing_the_World_.shtml\|website=My Jewish Learning\|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>

	Jews do not try to [[wikt:convince\|convince]] other people to believe in Judaism. Jews believe they have a special job to show the world that God [[wikt:exist\|exists]], but people do not have to be Jewish to [[wikt:follow\|follow]] God. All people can serve God by following the [[Seven Commandments of the Children of Noah\|Seven Commandments (rules) given to Noah]]. But, Judaism [[wikt: accept\|accepts]] people who [[wikt: choose\|choose]] to [[Religious conversion\|change their religion]] to Judaism.<ref name= Birnbaum134>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter= Proselytes \|year=1975 \|publisher= Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/132 132]-134}}</ref>		Jews do not try to [[wikt:convince\|convince]] other people to believe in Judaism. Jews believe they have a special job to show the world that God [[wikt:exist\|exists]], but people do not have to be Jewish to [[wikt:follow\|follow]] God. All people can serve God by following the [[Seven Commandments of the Children of Noah\|Seven Commandments (rules) given to Noah]]. But, Judaism [[wikt: accept\|accepts]] people who [[wikt: choose\|choose]] to [[Religious conversion\|change their religion]] to Judaism.<ref name= Birnbaum134>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter= Proselytes \|year=1975 \|publisher= Hebrew Publishing Company \|location=New York \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages= [https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/132 132]-134}}</ref>
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	Jews see ''mitzvot'' as acts that sanctify – bring [[Holy\|holiness]] – to the world and bring people and the world closer to God. Jews do the ''mitzvot'' to sanctify the physical world and the things in it, such as food and [[drink]], clothing, and natural activities such as sex, work, or seeing [[wikt: beautiful\|beautiful]] [[wikt:sight\|sights]]. Before doing many acts, such as eating, Jews say a blessing – a short [[prayer]] – that God makes and gives a person the things that they need for life. In Judaism, life is most holy and [[wikt: important\|important]]. A Jew must stop doing other ''mitzvot'' of the Torah to help [[wikt:save\|save]] another person’s life.<ref name=ERP1/>		Jews see ''mitzvot'' as acts that sanctify – bring [[Holy\|holiness]] – to the world and bring people and the world closer to God. Jews do the ''mitzvot'' to sanctify the physical world and the things in it, such as food and [[drink]], clothing, and natural activities such as sex, work, or seeing [[wikt: beautiful\|beautiful]] [[wikt:sight\|sights]]. Before doing many acts, such as eating, Jews say a blessing – a short [[prayer]] – that God makes and gives a person the things that they need for life. In Judaism, life is most holy and [[wikt: important\|important]]. A Jew must stop doing other ''mitzvot'' of the Torah to help [[wikt:save\|save]] another person’s life.<ref name=ERP1/>

	Jews believe that they must do the ''mitzvot'' with [[happiness]] and [[joy]] because the Bible says “Serve God with joy; come before God with singing” (Psalms 100:2). Doing a ''mitzvah'' helps a person come close to God and that makes the person happy. A group of Jews called the [[Hasidic Judaism\|Hasidim]] say this is the best way to live. They say that [[worry]]ing takes people away from joy and they will not see the beauty and good in the world.<ref name= J10BIp3>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing \|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=~~3-8~~}}</ref>		Jews believe that they must do the ''mitzvot'' with [[happiness]] and [[joy]] because the Bible says “Serve God with joy; come before God with singing” (Psalms 100:2). Doing a ''mitzvah'' helps a person come close to God and that makes the person happy. A group of Jews called the [[Hasidic Judaism\|Hasidim]] say this is the best way to live. They say that [[worry]]ing takes people away from joy and they will not see the beauty and good in the world.<ref name= J10BIp3>{{cite book \|title=Judaism’s 10 Best Ideas \|last= Green \|first= Arthur \|year= 2014 \|publisher= Jewish Lights Publishing \|location= Woodstock, VT \|isbn=978-1-58023-803-8 \|pages=3–8}}</ref>

	Many ''mitzvot'' in the Torah are about the [[Land of Israel]]. The [[Talmud]] and later books call these ''mitzvot'' “commandments [[wikt:connect\|connected]] to the Land” because Jews can only do them in the Land of Israel. For example, Jews give [[gift]]s to the poor or the priests from their [[wikt:field\|fields]] every year, take fruit or animals to the [[Temple in Jerusalem]], and must stop working on the land every seven years (the “shmittah” – sabbatical year).<ref name= Birnbaum390/><ref name=J101LOI>{{cite web\|last1=Rich\|first1=Tracey\|title=The Land of Israel\|url=http://www.jewfaq.org/israel.htm\|website=Judaism 101\|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>		Many ''mitzvot'' in the Torah are about the [[Land of Israel]]. The [[Talmud]] and later books call these ''mitzvot'' “commandments [[wikt:connect\|connected]] to the Land” because Jews can only do them in the Land of Israel. For example, Jews give [[gift]]s to the poor or the priests from their [[wikt:field\|fields]] every year, take fruit or animals to the [[Temple in Jerusalem]], and must stop working on the land every seven years (the “shmittah” – sabbatical year).<ref name= Birnbaum390/><ref name=J101LOI>{{cite web\|last1=Rich\|first1=Tracey\|title=The Land of Israel\|url=http://www.jewfaq.org/israel.htm\|website=Judaism 101\|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>
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	===The Land of Israel===		===The Land of Israel===

	The [[Land of Israel]] is holy in Judaism. A Jewish belief is that God [[Creating\|created]] the [[Earth]] from [[Mount Moriah]] in [[Jerusalem]] in the Land of Israel, and He is always [[wikt:Close\|closest]] to this land. Jews believe that this land is where God told the Jewish people to build a [[society]] to [[wikt:serve\|serve]] Him, and many ''mitzvot'' ([[wikt:commandment\|commandments]]) in the [[Torah]] are about the Land of Israel.<ref name=J101LOI/><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Schweid\|first1=Eliezer\|title=Significance of the Land of Israel in the Bible\|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/israel/Jewish_Thought/Biblical_and_Rabbinic/In_the_Bible.shtml\|website=My Jewish Learning}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Blidstein\|first1=Gerald Y.\|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 6\|date=2007\|publisher=Thomson Gale\|pages=~~574-575~~\|edition=2nd\|chapter=Even Shetiyyah}}</ref>		The [[Land of Israel]] is holy in Judaism. A Jewish belief is that God [[Creating\|created]] the [[Earth]] from [[Mount Moriah]] in [[Jerusalem]] in the Land of Israel, and He is always [[wikt:Close\|closest]] to this land. Jews believe that this land is where God told the Jewish people to build a [[society]] to [[wikt:serve\|serve]] Him, and many ''mitzvot'' ([[wikt:commandment\|commandments]]) in the [[Torah]] are about the Land of Israel.<ref name=J101LOI/><ref>{{cite web\|last1=Schweid\|first1=Eliezer\|title=Significance of the Land of Israel in the Bible\|url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/israel/Jewish_Thought/Biblical_and_Rabbinic/In_the_Bible.shtml\|website=My Jewish Learning}}</ref><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Blidstein\|first1=Gerald Y.\|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. 6\|date=2007\|publisher=Thomson Gale\|pages=574–575\|edition=2nd\|chapter=Even Shetiyyah}}</ref>

	The Jewish people believe their [[history]] as a [[nation]] begins with [[Abraham]]. The story of Abraham in the Torah begins when God tells Abraham to leave his country. He [[promise]]s Abraham and his [[wikt:descendent\|descendants]] a new home in the land of [[Canaan]]. This is now known as the Land of Israel. It is named after Abraham's grandson, Jacob, who was also called Israel and who was the father of the twelve tribes. This is where the name “Land of Israel” comes from. The land is also called “the Promised Land” because in the Torah, God promises to give the land to the children of Abraham ({{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|12:7\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|13:15\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|15:18\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|17:8\|HE}}).<ref name=J101LOI/><ref name= Birnbaum62>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter= Eretz Yisrael \|year=1975 \|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company \|location= New York Company \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/62 62]-66}}</ref>		The Jewish people believe their [[history]] as a [[nation]] begins with [[Abraham]]. The story of Abraham in the Torah begins when God tells Abraham to leave his country. He [[promise]]s Abraham and his [[wikt:descendent\|descendants]] a new home in the land of [[Canaan]]. This is now known as the Land of Israel. It is named after Abraham's grandson, Jacob, who was also called Israel and who was the father of the twelve tribes. This is where the name “Land of Israel” comes from. The land is also called “the Promised Land” because in the Torah, God promises to give the land to the children of Abraham ({{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|12:7\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|13:15\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|15:18\|HE}}, {{Bibleverse\|\|Gen\|17:8\|HE}}).<ref name=J101LOI/><ref name= Birnbaum62>{{cite book \|title=A Book of Jewish Concepts \|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn \|last=Birnbaum \|first=Philip \|chapter= Eretz Yisrael \|year=1975 \|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company \|location= New York Company \|isbn= 088482876X \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bookofjewishconc00birn/page/62 62]-66}}</ref>