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	'''John Stephenson''' [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh\|FRSE]] FRCS (6 February 1871, in [[Padiham]], [[Lancashire]] – 2 February 1933, in London) was a surgeon and zoologist.<ref name=Roll-IMS>{{cite book\|author=Crawford, D.G.\|title=Roll of the Indian Medical Service 1615–1930\|chapter=2384. Stephenson, John\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA232\|volume=1 (1800–1930)\|year=1930\|location=Calcutta\|page=232\|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co\|isbn=9781781502297}}</ref><ref name=BioMemoirsFRS>{{cite journal\|title=John Stephenson. 1871–1933\|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society\|year=1933\|volume=1\|issue=2\|pages=149–152\|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1933.0014}}</ref> He was a leading expert on the [[earthworm]]s of the Indian subcontinent and served as editor of the ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma\|Fauna of British India]]'' series from 1927. Knowledgeable in Persian, Hindustani and some Arabic, he was also an orientalist scholar and translated several works from Persian to English.<ref>[http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E004644b.htm Stephenson, John – Biographical entry – Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online]</ref>		'''John Stephenson''' [[Order of the Indian Empire\|CIE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh\|FRSE]] FRCS (6 February 1871, in [[Padiham]], [[Lancashire]] – 2 February 1933, in London) was a surgeon and zoologist.<ref name=Roll-IMS>{{cite book\|author=Crawford, D.G.\|title=Roll of the Indian Medical Service 1615–1930\|chapter=2384. Stephenson, John\|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA232\|volume=1 (1800–1930)\|year=1930\|location=Calcutta\|page=232\|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co\|isbn=9781781502297}}</ref><ref name=BioMemoirsFRS>{{cite journal\|title=John Stephenson. 1871–1933\|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society\|year=1933\|volume=1\|issue=2\|pages=149–152\|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1933.0014}}</ref> He was a leading expert on the [[earthworm]]s of the Indian subcontinent and served as editor of the ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma\|Fauna of British India]]'' series from 1927. Knowledgeable in Persian, Hindustani and some Arabic, he was also an orientalist scholar and translated several works from Persian to English.<ref>[http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E004644b.htm Stephenson, John – Biographical entry – Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online]</ref>

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
[[File:John Stephenson IMS.jpg|thumb]]
'''John Stephenson''' [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|FRSE]] FRCS (6 February 1871, in [[Padiham]], [[Lancashire]] – 2 February 1933, in London) was a surgeon and zoologist.<ref name=Roll-IMS>{{cite book|author=Crawford, D.G.|title=Roll of the Indian Medical Service 1615–1930|chapter=2384. Stephenson, John|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DlK-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA232|volume=1 (1800–1930)|year=1930|location=Calcutta|page=232|publisher=Thacker, Spink & Co|isbn=9781781502297}}</ref><ref name=BioMemoirsFRS>{{cite journal|title=John Stephenson. 1871–1933|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|year=1933|volume=1|issue=2|pages=149–152|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1933.0014}}</ref> He was a leading expert on the [[earthworm]]s of the Indian subcontinent and served as editor of the ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma|Fauna of British India]]'' series from 1927. Knowledgeable in Persian, Hindustani and some Arabic, he was also an orientalist scholar and translated several works from Persian to English.<ref>[http://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/biogs/E004644b.htm Stephenson, John – Biographical entry – Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online]</ref>

==Life==

Stephenson was born in Padiham and was education at [[Burnley Grammar School]], matriculated from [[University of Manchester#History|Owen's College, Manchester]] and graduated there with a B.Sc. (Lond.) in 1890 and M.B., B.Chir. (Manc.) in 1893. Stephenson was a house physician from 1893 to 1894 at the [[Manchester Royal Infirmary]] and then in 1894 at the [[Royal Chest Hospital|Royal Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, London]].<ref name=BioMemoirsFRS/> He had also studied zoology under [[Arthur Milnes Marshall|A. Milnes Marshall]]. He joined the [[Indian Medical Service]] as a lieutenant on 29 July 1895. He became captain on 29 July 1898, major on 29 January 1907, and lieutenant-colonel on 29 January 1915, retiring with that rank on 6 September 1921.<ref name=Roll-IMS/><ref name=":0">{{cite journal|author=[B.P.]|year=1933|title=Obituary. Lt.-Col. John Stephenson, IMS, CIE, FRS|url=https://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_001_09_0270_0271_0.pdf|journal=Current Science|volume=1|issue=9|pages=270–271}}</ref>

{{blockquote|In India he was for some years engaged in military duties; he saw field service with the [[Tirah Campaign|Tirah Expeditionary Force]] in 1897–98, for which he was awarded the medal and clasp, and for a time he was placed on plague duty. In 1898 he was appointed Medical Officer to the 2nd (later 22nd) Punjab Cavalry and from 1900 to 1906 he held civil surgeoncies at [[Peshawar#British Raj|Peshawar]], [[Ambala#History|Ambala]] and other stations in north-west India.<ref name=BioMemoirsFRS/>}}

On 14 December 1905 Stephenson was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Surgeons]] in London. In 1909 he received an honorary doctorate (DSc) from the [[University of London]].<ref name=":0" />

The Lahore Medical College did not find qualified teachers in zoology and Stephenson was invited by his friend the Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, Sir [[Denzil Ibbetson]]. In 1906 he became Professor of Biology at the Government College in [[Lahore]] and in 1912 became Professor of Zoology and also Principal of the College. He retained these posts until he left the Indian Medical Service early in 1920, and returned to Britain. In 1912 he was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]. His proposers were [[Charles Robertson Marshall]], [[Arthur Robinson (anatomist)|Arthur Robinson]], [[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]] and [[William Peddie]]. He won the Society's Keith Medal for the period 1917 to 1919.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}}</ref> He was made CIE in 1919. From 1920 to 1929 he was a lecturer in Zoology at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=":0" />

Stephenson was proficient in Hindustani, Persian and later studied Pashtu, Punjabi and had some knowledge of Arabic. He translated into English and published in 1910 the ''[[Hadiqat al Haqiqa]]'', a work by the [[Sufism|sufi]] poet [[Sanai|Sanā'i]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Stephenson, J.|year=1928|title=The Zoological Section of the Nuzhatu-l-Qulûb|journal=Isis|volume=11|issue=2|pages=285–315|doi=10.1086/346371|jstor=224423|s2cid=142987529 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Smith, G. MacI. C.|year=1933|title=Lieut.-Colonel J. Stephenson, I.M.S., M.B., F.R.C.S., D.Sc., F.R.S., C.I.E.|journal=The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|volume=65|issue=2|pages=495–497|doi=10.1017/S0035869X0007547X|jstor=25194828|doi-access=free}}</ref> He left Edinburgh University in 1929 to work at the [[Natural History Museum, London]] as editor of the ''Fauna of British India'' series<ref name="BioMemoirsFRS" /> following the death of [[Arthur Shipley]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ashworth |first=J. H. |date=1933 |title=Lieut.-Col. J. Stephenson, C.I.E., F.R.S |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/131193a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=131 |issue=3302 |pages=193–194 |doi=10.1038/131193a0 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>

==Family==

In 1895 he married Gertrude Bayne, who outlived him. There were no children from the marriage.

==Awards and honours==
*1912 — Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Stephenson, Lt.-Col. John|journal=Who's Who|year=1919|pages= 2339|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015047639912;view=1up;seq=2381}}</ref>
*1919 — Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]]
*1930 — Fellow of the [[Royal Society of London]]

In 1914, botanist [[Shiv Ram Kashyap|S.R. Kashyap]] published ''[[Stephensoniella brevipedunculata|Stephensoniella]]'', a genus of liverwort in ([[Exormothecaceae]] family) and named in his honour.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=Bryophyte Specialist Group |date=2000 |title=''Stephensoniella brevipedunculata'' |volume=2000 |page=e.T39223A10177364 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T39223A10177364.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>

==Selected publications==
*as author:
**{{cite book |title=Oligochaeta |series=In the series: Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma |location=London |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1923}}
**{{cite book|title=Intelligence exercises in English|location=Oxford|year=1927}}
**{{cite book|title=The oligochaeta|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|year=1930}}
*as translator:
**{{cite book|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009030823|title=The first book of the Ḥadīqatuʻl-ḥaqīqat; or, The enclosed garden of the truth; ed. and tr. by J. Stephenson|author=Sanāʾī al-Ghaznavī, Abū al-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam|author-link=Sanai|location=Calcutta|publisher=Printed at the Baptist mission press|year=1910}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/lives/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ASSET$002f0$002fSD_ASSET:376827/one Plarr's Lives of Fellows - Royal College of Surgeons]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stephenson, John}}
[[Category:1871 births]]
[[Category:1933 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester]]
[[Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:People educated at Burnley Grammar School]]
[[Category:People from Padiham]]

John Stephenson (zoologist) - Revision history

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