John Morris (anthropologist) - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|British mountaineer, anthropologist and journalist}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2016}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2016}}
	{{Use British English\|date=October 2016}}		{{Use British English\|date=October 2016}}
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	== Life ==		== Life ==
	Morris served in the army from 1915 to 1934. After serving in the trenches during the [[World War I\|First World War]], he transferred to the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]]'s [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]].<ref name="script">Transcript of ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' appearance, in BBC archives</ref> He took part in two attempts to climb [[Mount Everest]]; [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition\|the first]] under General [[Charles Granville Bruce]] and climbing leader Lt-Col [[Edward Lisle Strutt]] in [[~~1924~~ British Mount Everest expedition\|~~1924~~]], and the second in [[1936 British Mount Everest expedition\|1936]] under [[Hugh Ruttledge]].<ref name="script" /> On the latter, his personal servant was [[Tenzing Norgay]], who made the first ascent of Mount Everest with [[Edmund Hillary]] in 1953.<ref name="script" /><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Norgay\|first1=Tenzing\|last2=Ullman\|first2=James Ramsey \|title=Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing\|year=1955\|publisher=George Harrap}}</ref>		Morris served in the army from 1915 to 1934. After serving in the trenches during the [[World War I\|First World War]], he transferred to the [[British Indian Army\|Indian Army]]'s [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]].<ref name="script">Transcript of ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' appearance, in BBC archives</ref> He took part in two attempts to climb [[Mount Everest]]; [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition\|the first]] under General [[Charles Granville Bruce]] and climbing leader Lt-Col [[Edward Lisle Strutt]] in [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition\|1922]], and the second in [[1936 British Mount Everest expedition\|1936]] under [[Hugh Ruttledge]].<ref name="script" /> On the latter, his personal servant was [[Tenzing Norgay]], who made the first ascent of Mount Everest with [[Edmund Hillary]] in 1953. <ref name="script" /><ref>{{cite book\|last1=Norgay\|first1=Tenzing\|last2=Ullman\|first2=James Ramsey \|title=Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing\|year=1955\|publisher=George Harrap}}</ref>

			Morris was a skilled photographer, his photographs of the indigenous people encountered on the expedition demonstrate a deep sympathy and connection with his subjects. His photographs are part of the 2024 [[National Trust]] exhibition ‘Other Everests: One Mountain, Many Worlds’. <ref> {{cite web
			\|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/lake-district/wray/events/3be5331b-4240-4d0c-aeb1-ebfde6e7f3d1
			\|access-date=7 July 2024 \|title=Other Everests: One Mountain, Many Worlds }}</ref> Morris's language skills as a Gurkha officer enabled him to communicate with the people he was photographing. As time went on, Morris was increasingly critical of colonial attitudes towards race and the subject peoples of empire, informed by his experience as a gay man who had several long-term relationships with indigenous partners.<ref>{{cite web
			\|url=https://www.othereverests.com/talks
			\|title=Encountering the Indigenous Body in the Himalayan Borderlands
			\|publisher=Other Everests \|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref>

	He received an award from the [[Royal Geographical Society]] for his exploration of [[Chinese Turkistan]], while still in the army.<ref name="script" /> He retired from military service in the mid 1930s and taught English in Japan.<ref name="script" /> He was Professor of English Literature, [[Keio University]] and lecturer at Imperial and Bunrika Universities, [[Tokyo]] from 1938 and also adviser on the English language to Japan's Dept. of Foreign affairs.<ref>Morris, John. ''Traveller from Tokyo'', The Cresset Press, 1943, p.14 and ''passim''</ref> He was repatriated by the [[Diplomatic corps]] after Japan's entry into the [[World War II\|Second World War]] and joined the BBC, running their [[Far East]] service.<ref name="script" />		He received an award from the [[Royal Geographical Society]] for his exploration of [[Chinese Turkistan]], while still in the army.<ref name="script" /> He retired from military service in the mid 1930s and taught English in Japan.<ref name="script" /> He was Professor of English Literature, [[Keio University]] and lecturer at Imperial and Bunrika Universities, [[Tokyo]] from 1938 and also adviser on the English language to Japan's Dept. of Foreign affairs.<ref>Morris, John. ''Traveller from Tokyo'', The Cresset Press, 1943, p.14 and ''passim''</ref> He was repatriated by the [[Diplomatic corps]] after Japan's entry into the [[World War II\|Second World War]] and joined the BBC, running their [[Far East]] service.<ref name="script" />
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	{{Quote\|A not very daring promoter of the cause of culture, cruelly teased by his friend [[E.M. Forster]], who referred to him as 'the pudding'.}}		{{Quote\|A not very daring promoter of the cause of culture, cruelly teased by his friend [[E.M. Forster]], who referred to him as 'the pudding'.}}

	He was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1957 New Year Honours]], and appeared as a castaway on the [[BBC Radio]] programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' on 16 February 1959.<ref>{{cite web \|url=~~http~~://www.bbc.co.uk/~~radio4~~/~~features/desert-island-discs/castaway/68586345#~~p009y7x7 \|title=Desert Island Discs - Castaway : John Morris \|work=[[BBC Online]] \|publisher=BBC \|access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>		He was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1957 New Year Honours]], and appeared as a castaway on the [[BBC Radio]] programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' on 16 February 1959.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009y7x7 \|title=Desert Island Discs - Castaway : John Morris \|work=[[BBC Online]] \|publisher=BBC \|access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

	== Bibliography ==		== Bibliography ==

	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Morris \|~~first~~=John \|author-mask=2 \|last2=Brook Northey \|first2=W \|title=The Gurkhas : their manners, customs, and country \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72740 \|year=1928 \|publisher=John Lane The Bodley Head }}		* {{cite book \|last1=Morris \|first1=John \|author-mask=2 \|last2=Brook Northey \|first2=W \|title=The Gurkhas : their manners, customs, and country \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72740 \|year=1928 \|publisher=John Lane The Bodley Head }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=Living with Lepchas \|year=1938 }}		* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=Living with Lepchas \|year=1938 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=Traveller from Tokyo \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175472 \|year=1943 \|publisher=The Cresset Press }}		* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=Traveller from Tokyo \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175472 \|year=1943 \|publisher=The Cresset Press }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=The Phoenix Cup \|year=1947 \|publisher=The Cresset Press }}		* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=The Phoenix Cup \|year=1947 \|publisher=The Cresset Press }}
	* {{cite ~~book~~ \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=A Winter in Nepal \|year=1963 }}		* {{cite journal \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=A Winter in Nepal \|journal=The Geographical Journal \|year=1963 \|volume=129 \|issue=4 \|page=523 \|doi=10.2307/1794694 \|jstor=1794694 \|bibcode=1963GeogJ.129..523G }}
	* <ref>{{Cite book\|last=Morris\|first=John\|title=Eating The Indian Air\|publisher=Hamish Hamilton Ltd.\|year=1968\|isbn=0241016207\|location=London}}</ref>		* <ref>{{Cite book\|last=Morris\|first=John\|title=Eating The Indian Air\|publisher=Hamish Hamilton Ltd.\|year=1968\|isbn=0241016207\|location=London}}</ref>
	* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=The Gurkhas, an ethnology \|year=1985 }}		* {{cite book \|last=Morris \|first=John \|author-mask=2 \|title=The Gurkhas, an ethnology \|year=1985 }}

			== References ==
			{{reflist}}

	== Further reading ==		== Further reading ==

	* {{cite book\|last=Ruttledge\|first=Hugh\|title=Everest: The Unfinished Adventure\|year=1937\|publisher=Hodder and Staughton}}		* {{cite book\|last=Ruttledge\|first=Hugh\|title=Everest: The Unfinished Adventure\|year=1937\|publisher=Hodder and Staughton}}

	~~== References ==~~

	~~{{reflist}}~~

	== External links ==		== External links ==
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	[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]		[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
	[[Category:British mountain climbers]]		[[Category:British mountain climbers]]
	[[Category:~~British male journalists]]~~		[[Category:History of Mount Everest]]
	~~[[Category:~~Mount Everest]]
	[[Category:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers]]		[[Category:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers]]
	[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]		[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
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	[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]		[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
	[[Category:London Regiment soldiers]]		[[Category:London Regiment soldiers]]
			[[Category:Academic staff of Keio University]]
			[[Category:Olympic medalists in alpinism]]
			[[Category:20th-century British male journalists]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:00, 11 April 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=October ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2016}}
	{{Use British English\|date=October ~~2022~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=October 2016}}
	Major '''Charles John Morris''' {{Post-nominals\|country=GBR\|CBE}} (1895 – 13 December 1980<ref name="MorrisSR">{{cite web\|last = Gjerde\|first = Arild\|author2=Jeroen Heijmans \|author3=Bill Mallon \|author4=Hilary Evans \|title = John Morris Bio, Stats, and Results\|work = Olympics\|publisher = Sports Reference.com\|date = October 2017\|url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418015843/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html\|url-status = dead\|archive-date = 2020-04-18\|access-date = 2017-11-17}}</ref>) was a British mountaineer, [[anthropologist]] and journalist, and controller of [[BBC Radio]]'s [[Third Programme]].		Major '''Charles John Morris''' {{Post-nominals\|country=GBR\|CBE}} (1895 – 13 December 1980<ref name="MorrisSR">{{cite web\|last = Gjerde\|first = Arild\|author2=Jeroen Heijmans \|author3=Bill Mallon \|author4=Hilary Evans \|title = John Morris Bio, Stats, and Results\|work = Olympics\|publisher = Sports Reference.com\|date = October 2017\|url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418015843/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html\|url-status = dead\|archive-date = 2020-04-18\|access-date = 2017-11-17}}</ref>) was a British mountaineer, [[anthropologist]] and journalist, and controller of [[BBC Radio]]'s [[Third Programme]].

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	{{Quote\|A not very daring promoter of the cause of culture, cruelly teased by his friend [[E.M. Forster]], who referred to him as 'the pudding'.}}		{{Quote\|A not very daring promoter of the cause of culture, cruelly teased by his friend [[E.M. Forster]], who referred to him as 'the pudding'.}}

	He was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1957 New Year Honours]], and appeared as a castaway on the [[BBC Radio]] programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' on 16 February 1959.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/68586345#p009y7x7 \|title=Desert Island Discs - Castaway : John Morris \|work=[[BBC Online]] \|publisher=BBC \|access-date=27 July ~~2022~~}}</ref>		He was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1957 New Year Honours]], and appeared as a castaway on the [[BBC Radio]] programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' on 16 February 1959.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/68586345#p009y7x7 \|title=Desert Island Discs - Castaway : John Morris \|work=[[BBC Online]] \|publisher=BBC \|access-date=27 July 2014}}</ref>

	== Bibliography ==		== Bibliography ==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2022}}
Major '''Charles John Morris''' {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE}} (1895 – 13 December 1980<ref name="MorrisSR">{{cite web|last = Gjerde|first = Arild|author2=Jeroen Heijmans |author3=Bill Mallon |author4=Hilary Evans |title = John Morris Bio, Stats, and Results|work = Olympics|publisher = Sports Reference.com|date = October 2017|url = https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200418015843/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/john-morris-2.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 2020-04-18|access-date = 2017-11-17}}</ref>) was a British mountaineer, [[anthropologist]] and journalist, and controller of [[BBC Radio]]'s [[Third Programme]].

== Life ==
Morris served in the army from 1915 to 1934. After serving in the trenches during the [[World War I|First World War]], he transferred to the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]'s [[3rd Gurkha Rifles]].<ref name="script">Transcript of ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' appearance, in BBC archives</ref> He took part in two attempts to climb [[Mount Everest]]; [[1922 British Mount Everest expedition|the first]] under General [[Charles Granville Bruce]] and climbing leader Lt-Col [[Edward Lisle Strutt]] in [[1924 British Mount Everest expedition|1924]], and the second in [[1936 British Mount Everest expedition|1936]] under [[Hugh Ruttledge]].<ref name="script" /> On the latter, his personal servant was [[Tenzing Norgay]], who made the first ascent of Mount Everest with [[Edmund Hillary]] in 1953.<ref name="script" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Norgay|first1=Tenzing|last2=Ullman|first2=James Ramsey |title=Man of Everest: The Autobiography of Tenzing|year=1955|publisher=George Harrap}}</ref>

He received an award from the [[Royal Geographical Society]] for his exploration of [[Chinese Turkistan]], while still in the army.<ref name="script" /> He retired from military service in the mid 1930s and taught English in Japan.<ref name="script" /> He was Professor of English Literature, [[Keio University]] and lecturer at Imperial and Bunrika Universities, [[Tokyo]] from 1938 and also adviser on the English language to Japan's Dept. of Foreign affairs.<ref>Morris, John. ''Traveller from Tokyo'', The Cresset Press, 1943, p.14 and ''passim''</ref> He was repatriated by the [[Diplomatic corps]] after Japan's entry into the [[World War II|Second World War]] and joined the BBC, running their [[Far East]] service.<ref name="script" />

Morris was head of the [[BBC]] Far Eastern Service 1943–1952, and controller for the BBC [[Third Programme]] 1952–1958.<ref>Orwell Remembered, p.171</ref> From February 1943 to October 1943 he worked in the same department as [[George Orwell]], at 200 [[Oxford Street]]. He wrote an article about Orwell, "Some are more equal than others", for ''[[New Writing|Penguin New Writing]]'' Number 40, September 1950 which was reprinted in ''Orwell Remembered'' with the title "That Curiously Crucified Expression":

{{Quote|George Orwell always reminded me of one of those figures on the front of [[Chartres Cathedral]] [-] my inability to enjoy his filthy cigarettes was symbolic; it represented other things which made any sort of intimacy between us quite impossible.}}

[[Stephen Spender]] described Morris in his ''Journals'' as:<ref>Two Wasted Years, Orwell, Collected Works, Secker & Warburg, 2001 p.36</ref>

{{Quote|A not very daring promoter of the cause of culture, cruelly teased by his friend [[E.M. Forster]], who referred to him as 'the pudding'.}}

He was made a [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] in the [[1957 New Year Honours]], and appeared as a castaway on the [[BBC Radio]] programme ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' on 16 February 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/68586345#p009y7x7 |title=Desert Island Discs - Castaway : John Morris |work=[[BBC Online]] |publisher=BBC |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |last2=Brook Northey |first2=W |title=The Gurkhas : their manners, customs, and country |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.72740 |year=1928 |publisher=John Lane The Bodley Head }}
* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=Living with Lepchas |year=1938 }}
* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=Traveller from Tokyo |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.175472 |year=1943 |publisher=The Cresset Press }}
* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=The Phoenix Cup |year=1947 |publisher=The Cresset Press }}
* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=A Winter in Nepal |year=1963 }}
* <ref>{{Cite book|last=Morris|first=John|title=Eating The Indian Air|publisher=Hamish Hamilton Ltd.|year=1968|isbn=0241016207|location=London}}</ref>
* {{cite book |last=Morris |first=John |author-mask=2 |title=The Gurkhas, an ethnology |year=1985 }}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book|last=Ruttledge|first=Hugh|title=Everest: The Unfinished Adventure|year=1937|publisher=Hodder and Staughton}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.olympiabookfair.com/antiquarian-books/d/an-extensive-archive-of-photograph-albums-maps-and-ephemera-relating-to-john-morris-the-1922and-1936-everest-expeditions/49619 archive of Morris ephemera]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morris, John}}
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:British mountain climbers]]
[[Category:British male journalists]]
[[Category:Mount Everest]]
[[Category:Royal Leicestershire Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:BBC Radio 3 controllers]]
[[Category:Gurkhas]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:London Regiment soldiers]]