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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Tamils\|Literature\|Poetry}}~~
	* [[Tirukkural translations]]		* [[Tirukkural translations]]
	* [[Tirukkural translations into English]]		* [[Tirukkural translations into English]]

>Balajijagadesh at 08:01, 16 May 2021

2021-05-16T08:01:20Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John Lazarus
| image = John Lazarus.jpg
| image_caption = John Lazarus
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1845
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1925
| death_place =
| nationality =
| known_for = Translating the [[Tirukkural]] into English
| occupation = Christian missionary
| father =
| mother =
| spouse =
| children =
| awards =
}}

'''John Lazarus''' (1845–1925) was a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[missionary]] to [[India]] who rendered the [[Tirukkural]] into [[English language|English]]. He revised the work of his predecessor [[William Henry Drew (Christian missionary)|William Henry Drew]], who had already translated the first 63 chapters (out of the total of 133 chapters) of the Tirukkural, and translated the remaining portion of the Kural text.

==Work==
John Lazarus completed his graduation from the [[University of Madras]]. His first work was in 1878 when he published ''Nannul'', a grammatical text, with an English translation meant for students. However, scholars consider his Tirukkural translation of chapters 64 through 133 (furthering the work of William Henry Drew) in 1885 ''A Dictionary of Tamil Proverbs with Introduction, Notes, Texts and Translation'' in 1894 as his greatest contributions to the Tamil literature. His Tirukkural work made him the first person to render into English prose the chapters 64 through 133 of the Kural text.<ref name="OnTranslatingTirukkural">{{cite book
| last = Ramasamy
| first = V.
| title = On Translating Tirukkural
| publisher = International Institute of Tamil Studies
| edition = First
| date = 2001
| location = Chennai
}}</ref> The ''Dictionary of Tamil Proverbs'' contained 10,000 proverbs which remains the most complete collection ever made.

Being a Christian missionary, Lazarus, too, like [[G. U. Pope]], initially claimed that [[Thiruvalluvar|Valluvar]]'s ideas were partly influenced by [[Christianity]]. However, he later denied Pope's claim by saying the Kural portrays no traces of distinctively Christian ideas. None of the ten epithets by which [[God]] is described in the introductory chapters of the Kural text have the remotest connection with the concept of God as designated in the [[Bible]].{{sfn|Manavalan, 2010}} According to Prof. [[Kamil Zvelebil]], the chapter of the Kural text on "non-killing" (chapter 33) deals exclusively with the literal taking away of life, without ambiguity,<ref>''The Tamilian Antiquary'', 1913, Vol II, No. 1.</ref> which suggest that the ethics of the Kural is rather a reflection of the [[Jain philosophy|Jaina moral code]] than of [[Christian ethics]].<ref name="Zvelebil1973">{{cite book|author=Kamil Zvelebil|title=The smile of Murugan on Tamil literature of South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VF2VMUoY_okC&pg=PA156|access-date=11 December 2010|year=1973|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-03591-1|pages=156–171}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Tamils|Literature|Poetry}}
* [[Tirukkural translations]]
* [[Tirukkural translations into English]]
* [[List of translators into English]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Manavalan (Ed.)|first=A.A.|title=A Compendium of ''Tirukkural'' Translations in English|year=2010|publisher=Central Institute of Classical Tamil|isbn=978-81-908000-2-0|ref={{sfnRef|Manavalan, 2010}} }}
{{refend}}

{{Tirukkural}}
{{Tamil language}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazarus, John}}
[[Category:Christian missionaries in India]]
[[Category:Tamil scholars of non-Tamil background]]
[[Category:Tamil–English translators]]
[[Category:Translators of the Tirukkural into English]]
[[Category:Tirukkural translators]]
[[Category:Missionary linguists]]

John Lazarus (missionary) - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

>Balajijagadesh at 08:01, 16 May 2021